Recent developments in aerosol measurement techniques and the metrological issues

Mapan - Journal of Metrology Society of India

Volumn 25, Issue 3, 2010, Pages 165-189

  Aggarwal, Shankar G ^a  

^a NATIONAL PHYSICAL LABORATORY   (India)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 78651291845     PISSN: 09703950     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s12647-010-0020-z     Document Type: Review

References (53)

1. M. Chin, R. A. Kahn, L. A. Remer, H. Yu, D. Rind, G. Feingold, P. K. Quinn, S. E. Schwartz, D. G. Streets, P. DeCola and R. Halthore, Report by the U. S. Climate Change Science Program and the Subcommittee on Global Change Research, Atmospheric Aerosol Properties and Climate Impacts, Synthesis and Assessment product 2. 3, (2009).
2. S. Solomon, D. Qin, M. Manning, Z. Chen, M. Marquis, K. B. Averyt, M. Tignor and H. L. Miller (eds.), Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), 2007, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK and New York, NY, USA (2007).
3. R. C. MacKenzie, Differential Thermal Analysis Vol. 1: Fundamental Aspects, Academic Press, New York, NY (1970).
4. J. Chow, J. Watson, L. W. Antonychen, W. Patrickarnott and H. Moosmüller, Equivalence of Elemental Carbon by Thermal/Optical Reflectance and Transmittance with Different Temperature Protocols, Environ. Sci. Technol., 38 (2004) 4414-4422.
5. R. L. Johnson, J. J. Shah, R. A. Cary and J. J. Huntzicker, An Automated Thermal-Optical Method for the Analysis of Carbonaceous Aerosol, Atmospheric Aerosol: Source/Air Quality Relationships, American Chemical Society, Washington, DC (1981).
6. H. Yang, J. Z. Yu, Uncertainties in Charring Correction in the Analysis of Elemental and Organic Carbon in Atmospheric Particles by Thermal/Optical Methods, Environ. Sci. Technol., 36 (2002) 5199-5204.
7. J. C. Chow, J. G. Watson, D. Crow, D. H. Lowenthal and T. Merrifield, Comparison of IMPROVE and NIOSH Carbon Measurements, Aerosol Sci. Technol., 34: 1(2001) 23-34.
8. S. G. Aggarwal and K. Kawamura, Carbonaceous and Inorganic Composition in Long-Range Transported Aerosols over Northern Japan: Implication for Aging of Water-Soluble Organic Fraction, Atmos. Environ., 43 (2009) 2532-2540.
9. J. Sciare, K. Oikonomou, O. Favez, E. Liakakou, Z. Markaki, H. Cachier and N. Mihalopoulos, Long-Term Measurements of Carbonaceous Aerosols in the Eastern Mediterranean: Evidence of Long-Range Transport of Biomass Burning, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8 (2008) 5551-5563.
10. L. A. Currie et al., A Critical Evaluation of Interlaboratory Data on Total, Elemental, and Isotopic Carbon in the Carbonaceous Particle Reference Material, NIST SRM 1649a, J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol., 107 (2002) 279-298.
11. S. Agarwal, S. G. Aggarwal, K. Okuzawa and K. Kawamura, Size Distributions of Dicarboxylic Acids, Ketoacids, -Dicarbonyls, Sugars, WSOC, OC, EC and Inorganic Ions in Atmospheric Particles Over Northern Japan: Implication for Long-Range Transport of Siberian Biomass Burning and East Asian Polluted Aerosols, Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., 10 (2010) 6713-6754.
12. B. R. T. Simoneit, M. Kobayashi, M. Mochida, K. Kawamura, B. J. Huebert, Aerosol Particles Collected on Aircraft Flights over The North-Western Pacific Region During the Ace-Asia Campaign: Composition and Major Sources of the Organic Compounds, J. Geophys. Res., 109: D19 (2004), doi: 10. 1029/2004jd004565.
13. B. R. T. Simoneit, M. Kobayashi, M. Mochida, K. Kawamura, M. Lee, H. J. Lim, B. J. Turpin and Y. Komazaki, Composition and Major Sources of Organic Compounds of Aerosol Particulate Matter Sampled during Ace-Asia Campaign, J. Geophys. Res., 109: D19S10(2004) Doi: 10. 1029/2004jd004598.
14. G. Wang, K. Kawamura, S. Lee, K. Ho and J. Cao, Molecular, Seasonal, and Spatial Distributions of Organic Aerosols from Fourteen Chinese Cities, Environ. Sci. Technol., 40: 15 (2006) 4619-4625.
15. K. Kawamura and O. Yasui, Diurnal Changes in the Distribution of Dicarboxylic Acids, Ketocarboxylic Acids and Dicarbonyls in the Urban Tokyo Atmosphere, Atmos. Environ., 39 (2005) 1945-1960.
16. P. Fu, K. Kawamura, K. Okuzawa, S. G. Aggarwal, G. Wang, Y. Kanaya and Z. Wang, Organic Molecular Compositions and Temporal Variations of Summertime Mountain Aerosols Over Mt. Tai, North China Plain, J. Geophys. Res. 113: D19107(2008), doi: 10. 1029/ 2008jd009900.
17. K. Kawamura, Identification of C2-C10 - Oxocarboxylic Acids, Pyruvic Acid C2-C3 - Dicarbonyls in Wet Precipitation and Aerosol Samples by Capillary GC and GC-MS, Anal. Chem., 65 (1993) 3505-3511.
18. K. Kawamura and K. Ikushima, Seasonal Change in the Distribution of Dicarboxylic Acids in the Urban Atmosphere, Environ. Sci. Technol., 27 (1993) 2227-2235.
19. K. Kawamura, S. Steinberg and I. R. Kaplan, Homologous Series of C1-C10 Monocarboxylic Acids and C1-C6 Carbonyls in Los Angeles Air and Motor Vehicle Exhausts, Atmos. Environ., 34 (2000) 4175-4191.
20. K. Kawamura and F. Sakaguchi, Molecular Distributions of Water-Soluble Dicarboxylic Acids in Marine Aerosols Over the Pacific Ocean Including Tropics, J. Geophys. Res., 104: D3 (1999) 3501-3509.
21. H. Wang, K. Kawamura and K. Yamazaki, Water-Soluble Dicarboxylic Acids, Ketoacids and Dicarbonyls in the Atmospheric Aerosols Over the Southern Ocean and Western Pacific Ocean, J. Atmos. Chem., 53 (2006) 43-61.
22. J. M. Hayes, K. H. Freeman, B. N. Popp and C. H. Hoham, Compound-Specific Isotopic Analyses: A Novel Tool for Reconstruction of Ancient Biogeochemical Processes, Org. Geochem., 16 (1990) 1115-1128.
23. E. Lichtfouse, Compound-Specific Isotope Analysis: Application to Archaeology, Biomedical Sciences, Biosynthesis, Environment, Extraterrestrial Chemistry, Food Science, Forensic Science, Humic Substances, Microbiology, Organic Geochemistry, Soil Science and Sport, Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom., 14 (2000) 1337-1344.
24. T. C. Schmidt, L. Zwank, M. Elsner, M. Berg, R. U. Meckenstock and S. B. Haderlein, Compound-Specific Stable Isotope Analysis of Organic Contaminants in Natural Environments: A Critical Review of the State of the Art, Prospects, and Future Challenges, Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 378 (2004) 283-300.
25. J. Rudolph, R. S. Anderson, K. V. Czapiewski, E. Czuba, D. Ernst, T. Gillespie, L. Huang, C. Rigby and A. E. Thompson, The Stable Carbon Isotope Ratio of Biogenic Emissions of Isoprene and the Potential Use of Stable Isotope Ratio Measurements to Study Photochemical Processing of Isoprene in the Atmosphere, J. Atmos. Chem., 44 (2003), 39-55.
26. T. Saito, U. Tsunogai, K. Kawamura, T. Nakatsuka and N. Yoshida, Stable Carbon Isotopic Compositions of Light Hydrocarbons Over the Western North Pacific and Implication for Their Photochemical Ages, J. Geophys. Res., 107: D4 (2002), doi: 10. 1029/2000JD000127.
27. J. Fang, K. Kawamura, Y. Ishimura and K. Matsumoto, Carbon Isotopic Composition of Fatty Acids in the Marine Aerosols from the Western North Pacific: Implication for the Source and Atmospheric Transport, Environ. Sci. Technol., 36 (2002) 2598-2604.
28. J. Bendle, K. Kawamura, K. Yamazaki and T. Niwai, Latitudinal Distribution of Terrestrial Lipid Biomarkers and n-Alkane Compound Specific Stable Carbon Isotope Ratios in the Atmosphere over the Western Pacific and Southern Ocean, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 71 (2007) 5934-5955.
29. K. Kawamura and T. Watanabe, Determination of Stable Carbon Isotopic Compositions of Low Molecular Weight Dicarboxylic Acids and Ketocarboxylic Acids in Atmospheric Aerosol and Snow Samples, Anal. Chem., 76 (2004) 5762-5768.
30. S. G. Aggarwal and K. Kawamura, Molecular Distributions and Stable Carbon Isotopic Compositions of Dicarboxylic Acids and Related Compounds in Aerosols from Sapporo, Japan: Implications for Photochemical Aging during Long-Range Atmospheric Transport, J. Geophys. Res., 113: D14301(2008), doi: 10. 1029/ 2007JD009365.
31. H. Wang and K. Kawamura, Stable Carbon Isotopic Composition of Low-Molecular-Weight Dicarboxylic Acids and Ketoacids in Remote Marine Aerosols, J. Geophys. Res., 111: D07304 (2006), doi: 10. 1029/2005JD006466.
32. Y. Miyazaki, S. G. Aggarwal, K. Singh, P. K. Gupta and K. Kawamura, Dicarboxylic Acids and Water-Soluble Organic Carbon in Aerosols in New Delhi, India, in Winter: Characteristics and Formation Processes, J. Geophys. Res., 114: D19206 (2009), doi: 10. 1029/2009JD011790.
33. K. Singh, S. G. Aggarwal, N. Singh, Z. H. Khan and P. K. Gupta, Winter-Time Long-Term Observations on Aerosol Loading in New Delhi: Implications for Local Source Changes, 6th Asian Aerosol Conference, Bangkok, Thailand, (2009) p. 117.
34. J. T. Jayne, D. C. Leard, X. Zhang, P. Davidovits, K. A. Smith, C. E. Kolb and D. R. Worsnop, Development of an Aerosol Mass Spectrometer for Size and Composition. Analysis of Submicron Particles, Aerosol Sci. Technol., 33 (2000) 49-70.
35. P. Liu, P. J. Ziemann, D. B. Kittelson and P. H. McMurry, Generating Particle Beams of Controlled Dimensions and Divergence: I. Theory of Particle Motion in Aerodynamic Lenses and Nozzle Expansions, Aerosol Sci. Technol., 22 (1995) 293-313.
36. P. Liu, P. J. Ziemann, D. B. Kittelson and P. H. McMurry, Generating Particle Beams of Controlled Dimensions and Divergence: II. Experimental Evaluation of Particle Motion in Aerodynamic Lenses and Nozzle Expansions, Aerosol Sci. Technol., 22 (1995), 314-324.
37. Q. Zhang et al., Ubiquity and Dominance of Oxygenated Species in Organic Aerosols in Anthropogenically-Influenced Northern Hemisphere Midlatitudes, Geophys. Res. Lett., 34: L13801(2007), doi: 10. 1029/2007GL029979.
38. TSI Instruction Manual Electrostatic Classifier, Model 3080, P/N 1933792, Revision E, (2002).
39. G. W. Mulholland, M. K. Donnelly, C. R. Hagwood, S. R. Kukuck, V. A. Hackley and D. Y. H. Pui, Measurement of 100 nm and 60 nm ParticleStandards by Differential Mobility Analysis, J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol., 111 (2006) 257-312.
40. S. G. Aggarwal, M. Mochida, Y. Kitamori and K. Kawamura, Chemical Closure Study on Hygroscopic Properties of Urban Aerosol Particles in Sapporo, Japan, Environ. Sci. Technol., 41(2007) 6920-6925.
41. I. A. Marshall, Condensation Particle Counter Calibration Procedures, Report to Department for Transport, netcen/ED48629001/Issue 1, (2005).
42. P. H. McMurry, The History of Condensation Nucleus Counters, Aerosol Sci. Technol., 33 (2000) 297-322.
43. J. K. Agarwal and G. J. Sem, Continuous Flow, Single-Particle-Counting Condensation Nucleus Counter, J. Aerosol Sci., 11 (1980) 343-357.
44. J. C. Wilson, E. D. Blackshear, J. H. Hyun, An Improved Continuous-Flow Condensation Nucleus Counter for Use in the Stratosphere, J. Aerosol Sci., 14 (1983) 387-391.
45. M. R. Stolzenburg, P. H. McMurry, An Ultrafine Aerosol Condensation Nucleus Counter, Aerosol Sci. Technol., 14 (1991) 48-65.
46. B. Y. H. Liu and D. Y. H. Pui, A Submicron Aerosol Standard and the Primary, Absolute Calibration of the Condensation Nuclei Counter, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 47 (1974) 155-171.
47. B. L. Osmondson, W. Liu, O. F. Bischof and G. Sem, Traceable Calibration of Condensation Particle Counters with Respect to Smallest Particle Size Detection Limit, Counting Efficiency and Concentration Linearity, 8th ETH Conference on Combustion Generated Nanoparticles, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zürich, (2004).
48. H. Sakurai, E. Ehara, N. Tajima and N. Fukushima, Development of a Primary Calibration Standard for Aerosol Particle Number Concentration Using the Electrometer Method, 9th ETH Conference on Combustion Generated Nanoparticles, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zürich, (2005).
49. J. Duplissy, M. Gysel, S. Sjogren, N. Meyer, N. Good, L. Kammermann, V. Michaud, R. Weigel, S. Martins dos Santos, C. Gruening, P. Villani, P. Laj, K. Sellegri, A. Metzger, G. B. McFiggans, G. Wehrle, R. Richter, J. Dommen, Z. Ristovski, U. Baltensperger and E. Weingartner, Intercomparison study of six HTDMAs: results and Recommendations, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 2 (2009) 363-378.
50. G. C. Roberts and A. Nenes, A Continuous-Flow Streamwise Thermal-Gradient CCN Chamber for Atmospheric Measurements, Aerosol Sci. Technol., 39 (2005) 206-221.
51. D. Rose, S. S. Gunthe, E. Mikhailov, G. P. Frank, U. Dusek, M. O. Andreae and U. Pöschl, Calibration and Measurement Uncertainties of a Continuous-Flow Cloud Condensation Nuclei Counter (DMT-CCNC): CCN Activation of Ammonium Sulfate and Sodium Chloride Aerosol Particles in Theory and Experiment, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8 (2008) 1153-1179.
52. I. N. Tang, H. R. Munkelwitz, Composition and Temperature Dependence of the Deliquescence Properties of Hygroscopic Aerosols, Atmos. Environ., 27A (1993) 467-473.
53. D. O. Topping, G. B. McFiggans and H. Coe, A Curved Multicomponent Aerosol Hygroscopicity Model Framework: Part 1 - Inorganic Compounds, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5 (2005) 1205-1222.