Recombination in polymer-fullerene bulk heterojunction solar cells

Physical Review B - Condensed Matter and Materials Physics

Volumn 82, Issue 24, 2010, Pages

  Cowan, Sarah R ^a   Roy, Anshuman ^a   Heeger, Alan J ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 78651265117     PISSN: 10980121     EISSN: 1550235X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevB.82.245207     Document Type: Article

References (36)

1. W. Shockley and H. J. Queisser, J. Appl. Phys. 32, 510 (1961). 10.1063/1.1736034
2. K. Vandewal, K. Tvingstedt, A. Gadisa, O. Inganas, and J. V. Manca, Nature Mater. 8, 904 (2009). 10.1038/nmat2548
3. A. Liu, S. Zhao, S.-B. Rim, J. Wu, M. Könemann, P. Erk, and P. Peumans, Adv. Mater. 20, 1065 (2008). 10.1002/adma.200702554
4. V. D. Mihailetchi, L. J. A. Koster, J. C. Hummelen, and P. W. M. Blom, Phys. Rev. Lett. 93, 216601 (2004). 10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.216601
5. D. Veldman, O. Ipek, S. C. J. Meskers, J. Sweelssen, M. M. Koetse, S. C. Veenstra, J. M. Kroon, S. S. van Bavel, J. Loos, and R. A. J. Janssen, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 130, 7721 (2008). 10.1021/ja8012598
6. R. A. Street, M. Schoendorf, A. Roy, and J. H. Lee, Phys. Rev. B 81, 205307 (2010). 10.1103/PhysRevB.81.205307
7. L. J. A. Koster, E. C. P. Smits, V. D. Mihailetchi, and P. W. M. Blom, Phys. Rev. B 72, 085205 (2005). 10.1103/PhysRevB.72.085205
8. C. Groves and N. C. Greenham, Phys. Rev. B 78, 155205 (2008). 10.1103/PhysRevB.78.155205
9. C. G. Shuttle, B. O'Regan, A. M. Ballantyne, J. Nelson, D. D. C. Bradley, and J. R. Durrant, Phys. Rev. B 78, 113201 (2008). 10.1103/PhysRevB.78.113201
10. S. H. Park, A. Roy, S. Beaupré, S. Cho, N. Coates, J. S. Moon, D. Moses, M. Leclerc, K. Lee, and A. J. Heeger, Nat. Photonics 3, 297 (2009). 10.1038/nphoton.2009.69
11. R. A. Street, S. R. Cowan, and A. J. Heeger, Phys. Rev. B 82, 121301 (R) (2010). 10.1103/PhysRevB.82.121301
12. C. Deibel, A. Wagenpfahl, and V. Dyakonov, Phys. Rev. B 80, 075203 (2009). 10.1103/PhysRevB.80.075203
13. 71BM)].
14. Definitions of abbreviations: Konarka Incorporated proprietary polymer (KP). A derivative of poly[2,6-(4,4-bis-(2-ethylhexyl)-4H-cyclopenta[2,1-b;3, 4 - b ⊃′] dithiophene)-alt-4,7(2,1,3-benzothiadiazole)] (PCPDTBT).
15. R. A. Street, Hydrogenated Amorphous Silicon (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England, 1991). 10.1017/CBO9780511525247
16. P. Schilinsky, C. Waldauf, and C. J. Brabec, Appl. Phys. Lett. 81, 3885 (2002). 10.1063/1.1521244
17. D. Gebeyehu, M. Pfeiffer, B. Maennig, J. Drechsel, A. Werner, and K. Leo, Thin Solid Films 451-452, 29 (2004). 10.1016/j.tsf.2003.10.087
18. I. Riedel, J. Parisi, V. Dyakonov, L. Lutsen, D. Vanderzande, and J. C. Hummelen, Adv. Funct. Mater. 14, 38 (2004). 10.1002/adfm.200304399
19. L. J. A. Koster, V. D. Mihailetchi, H. Xie, and P. W. M. Blom, Appl. Phys. Lett. 87, 203502 (2005). 10.1063/1.2130396
20. A. Rose, Concepts in Photoconductivity and Allied Problems (Wiley, New York, 1963).
21. V. Dyakonov, Appl. Phys. A: Mater. Sci. Process. 79, 21 (2004). 10.1007/s00339-003-2496-7
22. L. J. A. Koster, Ph.D. thesis, University of Groningen, 2007.
23. L. J. A. Koster, V. D. Mihailetchi, R. Ramaker, and P. W. M. Blom, Appl. Phys. Lett. 86, 123509 (2005). 10.1063/1.1889240
24. We assume for simplicity that the electron and hole mobilities are approximately equal. Note, however, that because transport in a disordered system is dispersive, the use of a single mobility value is not strictly appropriate (see Ref.).
25. H. Scher and E. W. Montroll, Phys. Rev. B 12, 2455 (1975). 10.1103/PhysRevB.12.2455
26. M. P. Langevin, Ann. Chim. Phys. 28, 433 (1903).
27. A. Pivrikas, G. Juška, A. J. Mozer, M. Scharber, K. Arlauskas, N. S. Sariciftci, H. Stubb, and R. Österbacka, Phys. Rev. Lett. 94, 176806 (2005). 10.1103/PhysRevLett.94.176806
28. C. G. Shuttle, B. O'Regan, A. M. Ballantyne, J. Nelson, D. D. C. Bradley, J. de Mello, and J. R. Durrant, Appl. Phys. Lett. 92, 093311 (2008). 10.1063/1.2891871
29. A. J. Mozer, G. Dennler, N. S. Sariciftci, M. Westerling, A. Pivrikas, R. Osterbacka, and G. Juska, Phys. Rev. B 72, 035217 (2005). 10.1103/PhysRevB.72. 035217
30. J. Szmytkowski, Chem. Phys. Lett. 470, 123 (2009). 10.1016/j.cplett.2009. 01.043
31. A. Maurano, R. Hamilton, C. G. Shuttle, A. M. Ballantyne, J. Nelson, B. O'Regan, W. Zhang, I. McCulloch, H. Azimi, M. Morana, C. J. Brabec, and J. R. Durrant, Adv. Mater. (to be published).
32. G. Garcia-Belmonte and J. Bisquert, Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 113301 (2010). 10.1063/1.3358121
33. C. J. Brabec, A. Cravino, D. Meissner, N. S. Sariciftci, T. Fromherz, M. T. Rispens, L. Sanchez, and J. C. Hummelen, Adv. Funct. Mater. 11, 374 (2001). 10.1002/1616-3028(200110)11:5<374::AID-ADFM374>3.0.CO;2-W
34. N. Blouin, A. Michaud, D. Gendron, S. Wakim, E. Blair, R. Neagu-Plesu, M. Belletête, G. Durocher, Y. Tao, and M. Leclerc, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 130, 732 (2008). 10.1021/ja0771989
35. M. C. Scharber, D. Mühlbacher, M. Koppe, P. Denk, C. Waldauf, A. J. Heeger, and C. J. Brabec, Adv. Mater. 18, 789 (2006). 10.1002/adma.200501717
36. A. Roy, Appl. Phys. Lett. 95, 013302 (2009). 10.1063/1.3159622