Staying on and Getting Back on the Wagon: Age-Related Improvement in Self-Regulation During a Low-Calorie Diet

Psychology and Aging

Volumn 25, Issue 4, 2010, Pages 876-885

  Hennecke, Marie ^a   Freund, Alexandra M ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ZURICH   (Switzerland)

Author keywords

Dieting; Failure; Health behavior; Rumination; Self regulation

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; ADULTHOOD; AFFECT; AGED; ARTICLE; AUTOREGULATION; COGNITION; COPING BEHAVIOR; EMOTION; FEMALE; HEALTH BEHAVIOR; HUMAN; LOW CALORY DIET; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; OBESITY; PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL BEING; QUESTIONNAIRE; THINKING; WEIGHT REDUCTION;

ADULT; AFFECT; AGE FACTORS; AGED; AGING; BODY MASS INDEX; DIET, REDUCING; FEMALE; HUMANS; MIDDLE AGED; OBESITY; SOCIAL CONTROL, INFORMAL; SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 78650973551     PISSN: 08827974     EISSN: 19391498     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1037/a0019935     Document Type: Article

References (74)

1. Aiken L.S., West S.G. Multiple regression: Testing and interpreting interactions 1991, Sage, Newbury Park, CA.
2. Arbuckle T.Y., Pushkar Gold D. Aging, inhibition, and verbosity. The Journals of Gerontology, Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences 1993, 48:225-232.
3. Baltes P.B. Longitudinal and cross-sectional sequences in the study of age and generation effects. Human Development 1968, 11:145-171. doi: 10.1159/000270604.
4. Baucom D.H., Aiken P.A. Effect of depressed mood on eating among obese and nonobese dieting and nondieting persons. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 1981, 41:577-585.
5. Bauer J.J., McAdams D.P. Personal growth in adults' stories of life transitions. Journal of Personality 2004, 72:573-602. doi: 10.1111/j.0022-3506.2004.00273.x.
6. Baumeister R.F., Heatherton T.F. Self-regulatory failure: An overview. Psychological Inquiry 1996, 7:1-15. doi: 10.1207/s15327965pli0701_1.
7. Baumeister R.F., Vohs K.D., Tice D.M. The strength model of self-control. Current Directions in Psychological Science 2007, 16:351-355. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8721.2007.00534.x.
8. Bosy-Westphal A., Eichhorn C., Kutzner D., Illner K., Heller M., Müller M.J. The age-related decline in energy expenditure in humans is due to the loss of fat-free mass and to alterations in its metabolically active components. Journal of Nutrition 2003, 133:2356-2362.
9. Carstensen L.L., Pasupathi M., Mayr U., Nesselroade J.R. Emotional experience in everyday life across the adult life span. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 2000, 79:644-655. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.79.4.644.
10. Carver C.S., Scheier M.F. Origins and functions of positive and negative affect: A control-process view. Psychological Review 1990, 97:19-35. doi: 10.1037/0033-295X.97.1.19.
11. Charles S.T., Reynolds C.A., Gatz M. Age-related differences and changes in positive and negative affect over 23 years. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 2001, 80:136-151. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.80.1.136.
12. Cochran W., Tesser A. The " what the hell" effect: Some effects of goal proximity and goal framing on performance. Striving and feeling: Interactions among goals, affect and self-regulation 1996, 99-120. Erlbaum, Mahwah, NJ. L.L. Martin, A. Tesser (Eds.).
13. Ebner N.C., Freund A.M., Baltes P.B. Developmental changes in personal goal orientation from young to late adulthood: From striving for gains to maintenance and prevention of losses. Psychology and Aging 2006, 21:664-678. doi: 10.1037/0882-7974.21.4.664.
14. Erskine J.A.K., Kvavilashvili L., Conway M.A., Myers L. The effects of age on psychopathology, well-being and repressive coping. Aging and Mental Health 2007, 11:394-404. doi: 10.1080/13607860600963737.
15. Folkman S., Lazarus R.S., Pimley S., Novacek J. Age differences and stress and coping processes. Psychology and Aging 1987, 2:171-184. doi: 10.1037/0882-7974.2.2.171.
16. Freund A.M. Differential motivational consequences of goal focus in younger and older adults. Psychology and Aging 2006, 21:240-252. doi: 10.1037/0882-7974.21.2.240.
17. Freund A.M., Ebner N.C. The aging self: Shifting from promoting gains to balancing losses. The adaptive self: Personal continuity and intentional self-development 2005, 185-202. Hogrefe & Huber, Ashland, OH. W. Greve, K. Rothermund, D. Wentura (Eds.).
18. Freund A.M., Nikitin J., Ritter J.O. Psychological consequences of longevity: The increasing importance of self-regulation in old age. Human Development 2009, 52:1-37. doi: 10.1159/000189213.
19. Gerlach S., Ort-Gottwald A., Petersen A. Brigitte-Diät: Das Programm, das in mein Leben passt [The Brigitte diet: The program that fits into my life] 2007, Diana, Munich, Germany.
20. Germain C.M., Hess T.M. Motivational influences on controlled processing: Moderating distractibility in older adults. Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition 2007, 14:462-486. doi: 10.1080/13825580600611302.
21. Giambra L.M. Task-unrelated thought frequency as a function of age: A laboratory study. Psychology and Aging 1989, 4:136-143. doi: 10.1037/0882-7974.4.2.136.
22. Gross J.J., Carstensen L.L., Tsai J., Götestam Skorpen C., Hsu A.Y.C. Emotion and aging: Experience, expression, and control. Psychology and Aging 1997, 12:590-599. doi: 10.1037/0882-7974.12.4.590.
23. Grühn D., Scheibe S. Age-related differences in valence and arousal ratings of pictures from the International Affective Picture System (IAPS): Do ratings become more extreme with age?. Behavior Research Methods 2008, 40:512-521. doi: 10.3758/BRM.40.2.512.
24. Hart K.E., Chiovari P. Inhibition of eating behavior: Negative cognitive effects of dieting. Journal of Clinical Psychology 1998, 54:427-430. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4679(199806)54:4<427::AID-JCLP4>3.0.CO;2-K.
25. Hasher L., Zacks R.T., May C.P. Inhibitory control, circadian arousal, and age. Attention and performance 1999, 653-675. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA. D. Gopher, A. Koriat (Eds.).
26. Heckhausen J., Schulz R. A life-span theory of control. Psychological Review 1995, 102:284-304.
27. Heckhausen J., Wrosch C., Schulz R. A motivational theory of life-span development. Psychological Review 2010, 117:32-60. doi: 10.1037/a0017668.
28. Herman C.P., Polivy J. Anxiety, restraint, and eating behavior. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 1975, 84:666-672.
29. Herman C.P., Polivy J. The self-regulation of eating: Theoretical and practical problems. Handbook of self-regulation: Research, theory, and applications 2004, 492-508. Guilford Press, New York, NY. R.F. Baumeister, K.D. Vohs (Eds.).
30. Herman C.P., Polivy J., Lank C., Heatherton T.F. Anxiety, hunger, and eating behavior. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 1987, 96:264-269.
31. Hess T.M., Rosenberg D.C., Waters S.J. Motivation and representational processes in adulthood: The effects of social accountability and information relevance. Psychology and Aging 2001, 16:629-642. doi: 10.1037/0882-7974.16.4.629.
32. Hofmann W., Friese M., Roefs A. Three ways to resist temptation: The independent contributions of executive attention, inhibitory control, and affect regulation to the impulse control of eating behavior. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 2009, 45:431-435. doi: 10.1016/j.jesp.2008.09.013.
33. Keil A., Freund A.M. Changes in the sensitivity to appetitive and aversive arousal across adulthood. Psychology and Aging 2009, 24:668-680. doi: 10.1037/a0016969.
34. Kray J., Lindenberger U. Adult age differences in task switching. Psychology and Aging 2000, 15:126-147. doi: 10.1037/0882-7974.15.1.126.
35. Kuhl, J. (1990). Der Fragebogen zur Erfassung von Handlungs- versus Lageorientierung (HAKEMP 90 [The questionnaire for assessing action versus state orientation (ACS-90]. Unpublished manuscript, University of Osnabrück, Germany.
36. Kunzmann U. Differential age trajectories of positive and negative affect: Further evidence from the Berlin Aging Study. The Journals of Gerontology, Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences 2008, 63:261-270.
37. Kunzmann U., Grühn D. Age differences in emotional reactivity: The sample case of sadness. Psychology and Aging 2005, 20:47-59. doi: 10.1037/0882-7974.20.1.47.
38. Kunzmann U., Kupperbusch C.S., Levenson R.W. Behavioral inhibition and amplification during emotional arousal: A comparison of two age groups. Psychology and Aging 2005, 20:144-158.
39. Labouvie-Vief G., Marquez M.G. Dynamic integration: Affect optimization and differentiation in development. Motivation, emotion, and cognition: Integrative perspectives on intellectual functioning and development 2004, 237-272. Erlbaum, Mahwah, NJ. D.Y. Dai, R.J. Sternberg (Eds.).
40. Lawton M.P., Kleban M.H., Rajagopal D., Dean J. Dimensions of affective experience in three age groups. Psychology and Aging 1992, 7:171-184. doi: 10.1037/0882-7974.7.2.171.
41. Logan G.D. Impulsivity and inhibitory control. Psychological Science 1997, 8:60-64. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9280.1997.tb00545.x.
42. Magai C., Consedine N., Krivoshekova Y.S., Kudadjie-Gyamfi E., McPherson R. Emotion experience and expression across the adult life span: Insights from a multimodal assessment study. Psychology and Aging 2006, 21:303-317. doi: 10.1037/0882-7974.21.2.303.
43. Mann T., Tomiyama J.A., Westling E., Lew A.-M., Samuels B., Chatman J. Medicare's search for effective obesity treatments: Diets are not the answer. American Psychologist 2007, 62:220-233. doi: 10.1037/0003-066X.62.3.220.
44. Martin L.L., Ward D.W., Achee J.W., Wyer R.S. Mood as input: People have to interpret the motivational implications of their mood. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 1993, 64:317-326. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.64.3.317.
45. McKenna R.J. Some effects of anxiety level and food cues on the eating behavior of obese and normal subjects: A comparison of the Schachterian and psychosomatic conceptions. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 1972, 22:311-319.
46. Metcalfe J., Mischel W. A hot/cool system analysis of delay of gratification: Dynamics of willpower. Psychological Review 1999, 106:3-19. doi: 10.1037/0033-295X.106.1.3.
47. Muraven M., Baumeister R.F., Tice D.M. Longitudinal improvement of self-regulation through practice: Building self-control strength through repeated exercise. The Journal of Social Psychology 1999, 139:446-457. doi: 10.1080/00224549909598404.
48. Choosing a safe and successful weight-loss program 2003, National Institutes of Health, Retrieved from win.niddk.nih.gov/publications/PDFs/Choosingprogram0208.pdf.
49. O'Brien K., Venn B.J., Perry T., Green T.J., Aitken W., Bradshaw A., Thomson R. Reasons for wanting to lose weight: Different strokes for different folks. Eating Behavior 2007, 8:132-135. doi: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2006.01.004.
50. Peake P.K., Hebl M., Mischel W. Strategic attention deployment in waiting and working situations. Developmental Psychology 2002, 38:313-326. doi: 10.1037/0012-1649.38.2.313.
51. Phillips L.H., Henry J.D., Hosie J.A., Milne A.B. Age, anger regulation and well-being. Aging and Mental Health 2006, 10:250-256. doi: 10.1080/13607860500310385.
52. Phillips L.H., Henry J.D., Hosie J.A., Milne A.B. Effective regulation of the experience and expression of negative affect in old age. The Journals of Gerontology, Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences 2008, 63:138-145.
53. Polivy J., Herman C.P. Dieting as a problem in behavioral medicine. Advances in behavioral medicine 1985, 1-37. SAI, New York, NY. E. Katkin, S. Manuck (Eds.).
54. Pomerantz E.M., Saxon J.L., Oishi S. The psychological trade-offs of goal investment. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 2000, 79:617-630. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.79.4.617.
55. Preacher K.J., Rucker D.D., MacCullum R.C., Nicewander W.A. Use of the extreme group approach: A critical reexamination and new recommendations. Psychological Methods 2005, 10:178-192. doi: 10.1037/1082-989X.10.2.178.
56. Riediger M., Freund A.M. Interference and facilitation among personal goals: Differential association with subjective well-being and persistent goal pursuit. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 2004, 30:1511-1523. doi: 10.1177/0146167204271184.
57. Riediger M., Freund A.M. Focusing and restricting: Two aspects of motivational selectivity in adulthood. Psychology and Aging 2006, 21:173-185. doi: 10.1037/0882-7974.21.1.173.
58. Riediger M., Freund A.M. Me against myself: Motivational conflicts and emotional development in adulthood. Psychology and Aging 2008, 23:479-494. doi: 10.1037/a0013302.
59. Rodriguez M.L., Mischel W., Shoda Y. Cognitive person variables in the delay of gratification of older children at-risk. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 1989, 57:358-367. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.57.2.358.
60. Schachter S. Recidivism and self-cure of smoking and obesity. American Psychologist 1982, 37:436-444. doi: 10.1037/0003-066X.37.4.436.
61. Schaie K.W. A general model for the study of developmental change. Psychological Bulletin 1965, 64:92-107. doi: 10.1037/h0022371.
62. Scheibe S., Blanchard-Fields F. Effects of regulating emotions on cognitive performance: What is costly for young adults is not so costly for older adults. Psychology and Aging 2009, 24:217-223. doi: 10.1037/a0013807.
63. Schwarzer R., Renner B. Social-cognitive predictors of health behavior: Action self-efficacy and coping self-efficacy. Health Psychology 2000, 19:487-495. doi: 10.1037/0278-6133.19.5.487.
64. Sheldon K.M., Kasser T. Getting older, getting better? Personal strivings and psychological maturity across the life span. Developmental Psychology 2001, 37:491-501. doi: 10.1037/0012-1649.37.4.491.
65. Technical report: Linear mixed-effects modeling in SPSS: An introduction to the MIXED procedure 2005, SPSS, Retrieved from http://www.spss.ch/upload/1126184451_Linear%20Mixed%20Effects%20Modeling%20in%20SPSS.pdf.
66. Steyer R., Schwenkmezger P., Notz P., Eid M. Der Mehrdimensionale Befindlichkeitsfragebogen (MDBF): Handanweisung [The Multidimensional Mood Questionnaire: Manual] 1997, Hogrefe, Göttingen, Germany.
67. TEST Spezial: 90 Diäten für Sie bewertet [TEST special: 90 diets tested for you] 2005, Stiftung Warentest, Stiftung Warentest, Berlin, Germany.
68. Stroebe W. Dieting, overweight, and obesity 2008, American Psychological Association, Washington, DC, doi: 10.1037/11753-000.
69. Tisserand D.J., Jolles J. On the involvement of prefrontal networks in cognitive aging. Cortex 2003, 39:1107-1128. doi: 10.1016/S0010-9452(08)70880-3.
70. Treitz F.H., Heyder K., Daum I. Differential course of executive control changes with normal aging. Aging, Neurophysiology, and Cognition 2007, 14:370-393. doi: 10.1080/13825580600678442.
71. Vaillant G.E. Adaptation to life 1977, Little, Brown, Boston, MA.
72. Verhaeghen P., Cerella J. Aging, executive control, and attention: A review of meta-analyses. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews 2002, 26:849-857. doi: 10.1016/S0149-7634(02)00071-4.
73. Obesity: Preventing and managing a global epidemic 2000, World Health Organization, Author, Geneva, Switzerland.
74. Wrosch C., Freund A.M. Self-regulation of normative and non-normative developmental challenges. Human Development 2001, 44:264-283. doi: 10.1159/000057066.