The Fundamentals of Global Governance

The Fundamentals of Global Governance

Volumn , Issue , 2009, Pages 1-187

  Whitman, Jim ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF BRADFORD   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 78650855934     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1057/9780230234338     Document Type: Book

References (449)

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17. Indicative studies include Rorden Wilkinson and Steve Hughes (eds) op cit.
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62. John Braithwaite and Peter Drahos, Global Business Regulation (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000).
63. David Kennedy, 'Challenging Expert Rule: The Politics of Global Governance', Sydney Law Review, Vol. 27, No. 5 (March 2005), p.2.
64. Ramesh Thakur and Luk Van Langerhove, 'Enhancing Global Governance Though Regional Integration', Global Governance, Vol. 12, No. 3 (July-September 2006), p.233.
65. Jim Whitman, The Limits of Global Governance (London: Routledge, 2005).
66. The Pew Research Center Survey Reports, 'Little Consensus on Global Warming: Partisanship Drives Opinion', 12 July 2006. Available at: http://peoplepress. org/reports/display.php3?ReportID=280
67. UK Parliament, Environmental Audit Committee, 'Reducing Carbon Emissions from Transport', 19 January 2006. Available at: http://www.parliament .uk/parliamentary_committees/environmental_audit_committee/eac_19_01 _06c.cfm
68. Matthew Tempest, 'Blair Rules Out Air Fuel Tax', The Guardian, 8 February 2005. Available at: http://politics.guardian.co.uk/green/story/0, 1408376,00. html.
69. James Rosenau, Along the Domestic-Foreign Frontier: Exploring Governance in a Turbulent World (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997), p.4.
70. 'Skype crash raises peer-to-peer fear', New Scientist, 25 August 2007, p.25.
71. Andrew Clark, 'Goldman Sachs bails out hedge fund with $3bn', The Guardian, 14 August 2007, p.22
72. Richard Wray and Ashley Seager, '£800m hedge fund bail-out adds to City's jitters over Barclay's', The Guardian, 1 September, 2007, p.34.
73. Nils Pratley, 'With blood in the water, look to bigger fish', The Guardian, 17 August 2007, p.27
74. Crispen Odey quoted in Nils Pratley, 'Odey the prophet of loss', The Guardian, 29 August 2007, p.24.
75. BBC News, 'SEC vows to rein in hedge funds', 26 July 2006. Available at: http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/5216556.stm
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83. G8 Information Centre, St Petersburg Summit Documents, 'Fighting High- Level Corruption' (16 July 2006), available at: http://www.g7.utoronto.ca/ summit/2006stpetersburg/corruption.html
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89. The Commission on Global Governance, Our Global Neighbourhood (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995), pp.2-3.
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94. Mary Kaldor, Denisa Kostovicova and Yahia Said, 'War, Peace and the Role of Global Civil Society', in Mary Lador, Martin Albrow, Helmut Anheier and Marlies Glasius (eds) Global Civil Society 2006/7 (London: Sage, 2007), pp.94-109.
95. Anne Marie Clark, Diplomacy of Conscience: Amnesty International and Human Rights Norms (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2001).
96. Jonathan A. Fox and L. David Brown (eds), The Struggle for Accountability: The World Bank, NGOs and Grassroots Movements (Cambridge: MIT Press, 1998).
97. Helen Yanacopulos, 'Patterns of Governance: The Rise of Transnational Coalitions of NGOs', Global Society, Vol. 19, No. 3 (2005), pp.247-66.
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101. Anne- Marie Slaughter, A New World Order (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2004).
102. John Braithwaite and Peter Drahos, Global Business Regulation (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000).
103. Kelley Lee (ed.), Health Impacts of Globalization: Towards Global Governance (Basingstoke: Palgrave, 2003).
104. United Nations Millennium Goals, available at: http://www.un.org/millenniumgoals/
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108. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, Special Dialogue between Members of the ECSS and Non-Members: Key Elements of OECD's Work On Governance Issues, DIAL/ECSS(2000)5, p.3. Available at: http:// www.olis.oecd.org/olis/2000doc.nsf/809a2d78518a8277c125685d005300b2/ c125685b0057c558c12568ec004fc5f5/$FILE/10078151.PDF
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110. John Ralston Saul, The Collapse of Globalism (London: Atlantic Books, 2005), p.25.
111. The Report of the World Commission on Dams, 'Dams and Development: A New Framework for Decision-Making', November 2000, available at: http://www.dams.org//docs/report/wcdreport.pdf
112. Mike Moore, A World Without Walls: Freedom, Development, Free Trade and Global Governance (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003)
113. Jagdish Bhagwati, In Defense of Globalization (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007).
114. Mark Townsend and Paul Harris, 'Now the Pentagon tells Bush: climate change will destroy us', The Observer, 22 February 2004, available at: http:// observer.guardian.co.uk/international/story/0,6903,1153513,00.html
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116. 'Rudd takes Australia inside Kyoto', BBC News, 3 December 2007, available at: http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/asia-pacific/7124236.stm
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120. Yishai Blank, 'Localism in the New Legal Order', Harvard International Law Journal, Vol. 47, No. 1 (Winter 2006), p.272.
121. Mona Sue Weissmark, Justice Matters: Legacies of the Holocaust and World War II (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004).
122. William B. Schwartz, Life Without Disease: The Pursuit of Medical Utopia (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2000).
123. Richard Bookstaber, A Demon of Our Own Design: Markets, Hedge Funds and the Perils of Financial Innovation (Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons, 2007).
124. Cited in Laurie Garrett, The Coming Plague: Newly Emerging Diseases in a World Out of Balance (New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1994), p.30.
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131. Jacques Ellul, The Technological Society (London: Jonathan Cape, 1965) The Technological Bluff (Grand Rapids: William B. Erdmans Publishing, 1990)
132. Lewis Mumford, The Pentagon of Power (New York: Harcourt Brace Jovonovich, 1970)
133. James Brook and Iain A. Boal, Resisting the Virtual Life: The Culture and Politics of Information (San Francisco: City Lights Books, 1995).
134. Ray Kurzweil, The Singularity is Near: When Humans Transcend Biology (London: Gerald Duckworth & Co, 2005).
135. John Cornwell, Hitler's Scientists: Science, War and the Devil's Pact (London: Penguin, 2003).
136. Danielle Egan, 'We're going to live forever', New Scientist, 13 October 2007, p.46.
137. Jim Whitman, 'The Governance of Nanotechnology', Science and Public Policy, 34(4), June 2007, pp.273-83.
138. M.C. Roco and W.S. Bainbridge, 'Executive Summary', in NSF/DOC-sponsored report, Converging Technologies for Improving Human Performance: Nanotechnology, Biotechnology, Information Technology and Cognitive Science (Arlington, Virginia, 2002), available at http://www.wtec.org/ConvergingTechnologies/ Report/NBIC_report.pdf , p.xiii.
139. Jim Whitman, 'The Governance of Converging Technological Systems', Bulletin of Science, Technology and Society, Vol. 26, No. 5 (October 2006), pp.398-409.
140. Jacques Ellul, The Technological Society, op cit, p.133.
141. Alfred Nordmann (Rapporteur), Converging Technologies - Shaping the Future of European Societies (2004), p.3. Available at: http://www.ntnu.no/2020/ pdf/final_report_en.pdf.
142. Chris Mooney, 'Requiem for an Office', Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, Vol. 61, No. 5 (September/October 2005), pp.40-9.
143. Chris Mooney, The Republican War Against Science (New York: Basic Books, 2005), p.53.
144. Jim Whitman, 'The Challenge to Deliberative Systems of Technological Systems Convergence', Innovation: The European Journal of Social Sciences, Vol. 20, No. 4 (December 2007), pp.329-43.
145. M. Chow and D. Fernandez, 'Intellectual Property Strategy in Bioinformatics', Proc. Virt. Conf. Genom. And Bioinf., North Dakota State University, 15-16 October 2001.
146. Bent Flyvbjerg, Megaprojects and Risk: An Anatomy of Ambition (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003), pp.89-90.
147. Sheila Jasanoff, '(No?) Accounting for expertise', Science and Public Policy, Vol. 30, No. 3 (June 2003), p.158.
148. Sarah Gibbon and Carlos Novas (eds), Biosocialities, Genetics and the Social Sciences: Making Biologies and Identities (London: Routledge, 2007).
149. Mark A. Rothstein (ed.), Genetic Secrets: Protecting Privacy and Confidentiality in the Genetic Era (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1998).
150. John de la Mothe (ed.), Science, Technology and Governance (London: Continuum, 2001).
151. Richard Wray, 'China overtaking US for fast internet access as Africa gets left behind', The Guardian, 14 June 2007
152. Pippa Norris, Digital Divide: Civic Engagement, Information Poverty and the Internet Worldwide (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001).
153. Zygmunt Bauman, Postmodern Ethics (Oxford: Blackwell, 1993), pp.198-9.
154. Geoffrey Vickers, Value Systems and Social Process (London: Tavistock Publications, 1998), p.217.
155. Peter Unger, Living High and Letting Die: Our Illusion of Innocence (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1996).
156. Geoffrey Vickers, Value Systems and Social Process (London: Tavistock Publications, 1998), pp.170-1.
157. Geoffrey Vickers, Freedom in a Rocking Boat: Changing Values in an Unstable Society (London: Penguin Press, 1970), p.116.
158. David Kennedy, 'Challenging Expert Rule: The Politics of Global Governance', Sydney Law Review, Vol. 27, No. 5 (March 2005), p.15.
159. David Kennedy, 'Challenging Expert Rule: The Politics of Global Governance', Sydney Law Review, Vol. 27, No. 5 (March 2005), p.28.
160. A.W. DePorte, Europe Between the Superpowers: The Enduring Balance (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1986), p.59.
161. Colin Hay, 'What Place for Ideas in the Structure-Agency Debate? Globalisation as a "Process Without a Subject"', published in First Press, available at: http://www.theglobalsite.ac.uk/press/109hay.htm
162. Margaret P. Karns and Karen A. Mingst, International Organizations: The Politics and Processes of Global Governance (Boulder: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 2004)
163. Paul F. Diehl, The Politics of Global Governance: International Organizations in an Interdependent World, third edition (Boulder: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 2005)
164. James P. Muldoon, The Architecture of Global Governance: An Introduction to the Study of International Organizations (Boulder: Westview Press, 2003).
165. Yozo Yokota, 'What is Global Governance?', Keynote lecture, NIRA International Forum: 'Global Governance - In Pursuit of a New International Order', July 12-13, 2004, available at: http://nira.go.jp/newse/paper/ globalg/en-08.html (accessed 3 January 2006).
166. Lawrence S. Finklestein, 'What is Global Governance?', Global Governance, 1 (1995), p.369.
167. Ramesh Thakur and Luk Van Langerhove, 'Enhancing Global Governance Though Regional Integration', Global Governance, Vol. 12, No. 3 (July-September 2006), p.233.
168. David A. Westbrook, City of Gold: An Apology for Global Capitalism in a Time of Discontent (London: Routledge, 2004), p.5.
169. For a discussion of this, see Philippe Sands, Lawless World: America and the Making and Breaking of Global Rules (London: Penguin Books, 2005), Chapter 5, pp.95-116.
170. Willem Buiter, 'What did you do in the open market today, daddy', Financial Times, 13 December 2007.
171. Martin Wolf, 'Why regulators should intervene in bankers' pay', Financial Times, 16 January 2008.
172. Richard Bookstaber, A Demon of Our Own Design: Markets, Hedge Funds, and the Perils of Financial Innovation (Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons, 2007), pp.259-60.
173. Kern Alexander, Rahul Dhumale and John Eatwell, Global Governance of Financial Systems: The International Regulation of Systemic Risk (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005).
174. Steven Drobny, Inside the House of Money: Top Hedge Fund Traders on Profiting in the Global Markets (Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons, 2006), p.213.
175. David Kennedy, 'Challenging Expert Rule: The Politics of Global Governance', Sydney Law Review, Vol. 27, No. 5 (March 2005), p.7.
176. A good account of this is Naomi Klein, The Shock Doctrine: The Rise of Disaster Capitalism (London: Penguin, 2007).
177. Rosemary Foot, S. Neil MacFarlane and Michael Mastanduno (eds), US Hegemony and International Organizations (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003).
178. Geoffrey R.D. Underhill, 'Global Governance and Political Economy: Public, Private and Political Authority in the twenty-first century', in Hohn N. Clarke and Geoffrey R. Edwards (eds), Global Governance in the Twenty-first Century (Basingstoke: Palgrave, 2004), p.125.
179. Alison Brysk, Human Rights and Private Wrongs: Constructing Global Civil Society (Abingdon: Routledge, 2005).
180. James N. Rosenau and Ernst-Otto Czempiel (eds), Governance Without Government: Order and Change in World Politics (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992), p.7.
181. Paul Brown, 'US cities snub Bush and sign up to Kyoto: Dozens of mayors, representing more than 25 million Americans, pledge to cut greenhouse gases', The Guardian, 17 May 2005.
182. 'United Kingdom and California Conclude Agreement on Global Warming', The American Journal of International Law, Vol. 11, No. 4 (October 2006), pp.933-4.
183. Bioworld Today, 'High Court Spurns Challenge; California Stem Cells Marching On', available at: http://www.pillsburylaw.com/bv/bvisapi.dll/portal/ep/newsReleaseDetail.do/pub/200752192723156/ruleType/PUB_FIR MNEWS_MENTIONS/channelId/-8593/9208
184. Kopin Tan, 'Stem Cells' Powerful Promise', Barron's (7 May 2007), p.30.
185. Citigroup Inc., (Press release), 'Leading Wall Street Banks Establish The Carbon Principles', February 04, 2008. Available at: http://www.citigroup.com/citigroup/ press/2008/080204a.htm
186. Marie-Claude Smouts, 'Multilateralism from Below: A Prerequisite for Global Governance', in Michael G. Schechter (ed.), Future Multilateralism: The Political and Social Framework (Basingstoke: Palgrave, for the United Nations University Press, 1999), p.292.
187. Marie-Claude Smouts, 'Multilateralism from Below: A Prerequisite for Global Governance', in Michael G. Schechter (ed.), Future Multilateralism: The Political and Social Framework (Basingstoke: Palgrave, for the United Nations University Press, 1999), p.298.
188. B.S. Chimni, 'International Institutions Today: An Imperial Global State in the Making', European Journal of International Law, Vol. 15, No. 1 (2004), pp.1-37.
189. Jan Aart Scholte, Globalization: A Critical Introduction (Basingstoke: Palgrave, 2000)
190. Niels G. Noorderhaven, 'Transaction, Interaction, Institutionalisation: Toward a Dynamic Theory of Hybrid Governance', Scandinavian Journal of Management, Vol. 11, No. 1 (1995), pp.43-4.
191. Jon Pierre (ed.), Debating Governance (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000), p.3.
192. R.A.W. Rhodes, Understanding Governance: Policy Networks, Governance, Reflexivity and Accountability (Buckingham: Open University Press, 1997), p.17.
193. Jan Kooiman, Governing as Governance (London: Sage, 2003)
194. R.A.W. Rhodes, 'The New Governance: Governing Without Government', Political Studies, Vol. 4, No. 4 (September 1996), pp.652-68.
195. Ann Marie Clark, Diplomacy of Conscience: Amnesty International and Changing Human Rights Norms (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2001)
196. Jonathan Fox and L. Dave Brown (eds), The Struggle for Accountability: World Bank, NGOs and Grassroots Movements (Boston: MIT Press, 1998)
197. William E. DeMars, NGOs and Transnational Networks: Wild Cards in World Politics (London: Pluto Press, 2005).
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248. Robert H. Jackson, Quasi- States: Sovereignty, International Relations and the Third World (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993).
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252. David Cho, Neil Irwin and Peter Whoniskey, 'US Forces Nine Major Banks to Accept Partial Nationalization', Washington Post, 14 October 2008.
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256. Gabriel M. Leung, 'Global Public Health Research Preparedness against Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases', in Stella R. Quah (ed.) Crisis Preparedness: Asia and the Global Governance of Epidemics (Stanford: the Brookings Institution for the Walter H. Shorenstein Asia-Pacific Research Center, 2007), p.142.
257. Nana N. Poku, Alan Whiteside and Bjorg Sandkjaer (eds), AIDS and Governance (Aldershot: Ashgate, 2007).
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259. Interview with Yra Harris, Chicago Mercantile Exchange, in Steven Drobny, Inside the House of Money: Top Hedge Fund Traders on Profiting in the Global Markets (Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons, 2006), p.203.
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264. John Braithwaite and Peter Drahos, Global Business Regulation (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000), pp.88-142.
265. A useful survey of the 'international discourse on adaptation to climate change' can be found in E. Lisa F. Schipper, 'Climate Change Adaptation and Development: Exploring the Linkages', Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research, Tyndall Centre Working Paper No. 107 (July 2007), available at: http://www.tyndall.ac.uk/publications/working_papers/twp107.pdf
266. White House, The National Security Strategy of the United States of America (2002), p.15. Available at: http://www.whitehouse.gov/nsc/nss.html
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271. Joseph E. Stiglitz and Andrew Charlton, Fair Trade For All: How Trade Can Promote Development (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005).
272. Peter Singer, 'Famine, Affluence and Morality', Philosophy and Public Affairs, Vol. 1, No. 3 (Spring 1972), pp.229-43
273. Peter Unger, Living High and Letting Die: Our Illusion of Innocence (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1996)
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276. Chris McGreal, 'Egypt: bread shortages, hunger and unrest', The Guardian, 27 May 2008.
277. Aljazeera.net, 'Manila urges end to rice export ban', 29 April 2008, available at: http://english.aljazeera.net/NR/exeres/84B4ED9E-DD71-4C2D-BA12- 626A80052D09.htm
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279. The White House, 'Twenty In Ten: Strengthening America's Energy Security' (2007 State of the Union Policy Initiatives). Available at: http://www.whitehouse. gov/stateoftheunion/2007/initiatives/energy.html
280. EurActiv.com, 'EU cuts back on biofuel crop subsidies', 18 October 2007. Available at: http://www.euractiv.com/en/sustainability/eu-cuts-back-biofuelcrop- subsidies/article-167713
281. FAO Newsroom, 'FAO sees major shift to bioenergy: Pressure building for switch to biofuels', 25 April 2006. Available at: http://www.fao.org/newsroom/ en/news/2006/1000282/index.html
282. John Vidal, 'Crop switch worsens global food price crisis', The Guardian, 5 April 2008.
283. Bill Van Auken, 'Amid mounting food crisis, governments fear revolution of the hungry', World Socialist Website, 15 April 2008, available at: http://www. wsws.org/articles/2008/apr2008/food-a15.shtml
284. Otto Spengler, 'Rice, death and the dollar', Asia Times, 22 April 2008. Available at: http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Global_Economy/JD22Dj01.html
285. John Vidal, 'Global food crisis looms as climate change and fuel shortages bite', The Guardian, 3 November 2007.
286. UN News Centre, 'Global food crisis could have been avoided - UN development experts', 6 May 2008. Available at: http://www.un.org/apps/ news/story.asp?NewsID=26578&Cr=food&Cr1=crisis
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288. International Herald Tribune, 'Climate change could lead to global food crisis, scientists warn', April 10, 2008. Available at: http://www.iht.com/articles/ ap/ 2008/04/10/europe/EU-GEN-Hungary-Climate-Change.php
289. Julian Borger, 'Food summit fails to agree on biofuels', The Guardian, 6 June 2008.
290. Javier Blas, 'Food aid declines to near 50-year low', Financial Times, 9 June 2008. Available at: http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/06e5b31a-3645-11dd-8bb8- 0000779fd2ac.html
291. Peter Wilkin, 'Against Global Governance? Tracing the Lineage of the Anti- Globalisation Movement', in Feargal Cochrane, Rosaleen Duffy and Jan Selby (eds) Global Governance, Conflict and Resistance (Basingstoke: Palgrave, 2003), pp.78-95.
292. Jörg Friedrichs, 'Global Governance as the Hegemonic Project of Transatlantic Civil Society', in Markus Lederer and Philipp S. Müller (eds) Criticizing Global Governance (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2005), pp.45-68.
293. Jagdish Bhagwati, In Defense of Globalization (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005)
294. Martin Wolf, Why Globalization Works (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2005).
295. Azizur Rahman Khan and Carl Riskin, Inequality and Poverty in China in the Age of Globalization (Oxford University Press, 2001)
296. World Bank, The Cost of Pollution in China: Estimates of Economic and Physical Damage (Washington, D.C.: World Bank Publications, 2008).
297. E. Beinhocker, The Origin of Wealth: Evolution, Complexity and the Radical Remaking of Economics (London: Random House, 2005), p.11.
298. United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), State of the World's Population 2007: Unleashing the Potential of Urban Growth, available at: http://www. unfpa.org/ swp/2007/english/introduction.html
299. AFP, 'Hurricanes destroyed 109 oil platforms: US government', 4 October 2005.
300. Jitendra Joshi (AFP), 'Bush calls for new refineries after hurricane havoc', 4 October 2005. Both available at: http://www.terradaily.com/news/ energy-tech-05zzzzzzp.html
301. Jad Mouawad, 'Weather Risks Cloud Promise of Biofuel', New York Times, 1 July 2008.
302. Aditya Chakrabortty, 'Secret report: biofuel caused food crisis: internal World Bank study delivers blow to energy drive', The Guardian, 4 July 2008.
303. Raj Patel, Stuffed and Starved: Markets, Power and the Battle for the World Food System (London: Portobello Books, 2008).
304. Geoffrey Vickers, Human Systems Are Different (London: Harper & Row, 1983), p.17 (italics original).
305. R. Alan Hedley, 'Convergence in natural, social and technical systems: a critique', Current Science, Vol. 79, No. 5 (10 September 2000), p.592.
306. William H. McNeil, The Human Condition: An Ecological and Historical View (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1980), p.74.
307. Stephen Boyden, Western Civilization in Biological Perspective (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1987)
308. Alfred W. Crosby, Ecological Imperialism and the Biological Expansion of Europe, 900-1900 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1986)
309. William H. McNeil, Plagues and Peoples (Oxford: Blackwell, 1976).
310. Jim Whitman, The Limits of Global Governance (Abingdon: Routledge, 2005).
311. Brian Goodwin, 'All for one, one for all', New Scientist, 13 June 1998, p.32.
312. Richard Bookstaber, A Demon of Our Own Design: Markets, Hedge Funds, and the Perils of Financial Innovation (Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons, 2007), p.230.
313. David Byrne, Complexity Theory and the Social Sciences: An Introduction (London: Routledge, 1998).
314. Robert Jervis, System Effects: Complexity in Political and Social Life (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1997), p.34.
315. John Urry, Global Complexity (Cambridge: Polity Press, 2003).
316. For the temporal dimension, see Barbara Adam, Timescapes of Modernity: The Environment and Invisible Hazards (London: Routledge, 1998).
317. S. Hall, Mapping the Millennium: How Computer- Driven Cartography is Revolutionizing the Face of Science (New York: Vintage Books, 1993), pp.127-38.
318. Debora MacKenzie, 'The end of civilization', New Scientist, 5 April 2008, pp.30-1.
319. The University of Ottawa Object-Oriented Engineering Site, available at: http://www.site.uottawa.ca:4321/oose/index.html#tightcoupling; see also Charles Perrow, Normal Accidents: Living With High Risk Technologies (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1999).
320. Joseph Tainter, The Collapse of Complex Societies (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988), p. 91.
321. Joseph A. Tainter, 'Problem Solving: Complexity, History, Sustainability', Population and Environment, Vol. 22, No. 1 (September 2000), p.8.
322. Joseph A. Tainter, 'Problem Solving: Complexity, History, Sustainability', Population and Environment, Vol. 22, No. 1 (September 2000) p.9.
323. See Geoffrey Vickers, Value Systems and Social Processes (London: Tavistock, 1968), pp.75-6.
324. Robert J. Diaz and Rutger Rosenberg, 'Spreading Dead Zones and Consequences for Marine Ecosystems', Science, 321, pp.926-9.
325. James Lovelock, Gaia: A New Look at Life on Earth (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000).
326. Lee B. Reichman (with Janice Hopkins Tanne), Timebomb: The Global Epidemic of Multi-Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis (New York: McGraw-Hill, 2003)
327. Laurie Garrett, The Coming Plague: Newly Emerging Diseases in a World Out of Balance (New York: Farrar, Straus & Giroux, 1994), Chapter 13.
328. Stella R. Quah (ed.), Crisis Preparedness: Asia and the Global Governance of Epidemics (The Brookings Institution for the Shorenstein Asia-Pacific Research Center, Stanford University, 2007).
329. http://www.un.org/millenniumgoals/
330. John Lingard, 'Agricultural Subsidies and Environmental Change', available at: http://www.wiley.co.uk/egec/pdf/GB403-W.PDF
331. http://unfccc.int/2860.php
332. G. Prins and S. Rayner, 'Time to ditch Kyoto', Nature (449), 25 October 2007, pp.973-5.
333. Chris Brummitt, 'UN climate chief says US-EU deadlock over emissions cuts threatens climate summit', 13 December 2007, available at: http://climate. weather.com/articles/emissions121307.html
334. Andrew Simms, 'World hunger needs a simple solution rather than hi-tech GM food', The Guardian, 4 August 2003.
335. Jerry Taylor, 'Sustainable Development: A Dubious Solution in Search of a Problem', The Cato Institute, Policy Analysis, No. 449 (26 August 2002).
336. Helen Yanacopulos, 'Patterns of Governance: the Rise of Transnational Coalitions of NGOs', Global Society, Vol. 19, No. 3 (2005), pp.247-66
337. Ann Marie Clark, Diplomacy of Conscience: Amnesty International and Changing Human Rights Norms (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2001).
338. James N. Rosenau and Ernst-Otto Czempiel (eds), Governance Without Government: Order and Change in World Politics (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992)
339. James N. Rosenau, Along the Domestic-Foreign Frontier: Exploring Governance in a Turbulent World (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997).
340. James N. Rosenau, 'Governance in the Twenty-first Century', Global Governance, Vol. 1, No. 1 (Winter 1995), p.14.
341. John Braithwaite and Peter Drahos, Global Business Regulation (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000)
342. Mark Rupert, Ideologies of Globalization: Contending Visions of a New World Order (London: Routledge, 2000).
343. Krishna Guha, Daniel Dombey and James Politi and Michael MacKenzie, 'Bailout faces flak from wary Congress', Financial Times, 24 September 2008.
344. Ron Suskind, 'The Crisis Last Time', New York Times, 24 September 2008.
345. Nils Pratley, 'The day the ticking time bombs went off', The Guardian, 16 September 2008.
346. Nassim Nicholas Taleb, 'The Fourth Quadrant: A Map of the Limits of Statistics', Edge, 15 September 2008. Available at: http://www.edge.org/ 3rd_culture/ taleb08/taleb08_index.html
347. Louis W. Pauly, 'Global finance, political authority, and the problem of legitimation', in Rodney Bruce Hall and Thomas J. Biersteker (eds) The Emergence of Private Authority in Global Governance (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002), pp.76-90.
348. James Grant, 'The Buck Stopped Then', New York Times, 23 September 2008.
349. Andrew Clark, 'Confidence nosedives after latest collapse', The Guardian, 27 September 2008.
350. Deutsche Welle, 'German environment minister warns against exploiting Arctic', 29 August 2007. Available at: http://www.dw-world.de/dw/article/ 0,2144,2756813,00.html; Cleo Paskal, 'How climate change is pushing the boundaries of security and foreign policy', Chatham House Briefing Paper, June 2007. Available at: http://www.chathamhouse.org.uk/publications/ papers/view/-/id/499/
351. Cleo Paskal, 'How climate change is pushing the boundaries of security and foreign policy', Chatham House Briefing Paper, June 2007. Available at: http://www.chathamhouse.org.uk/publications/ papers/view/-/id/499/
352. The Commission on Global Governance, Our Global Neighbourhood (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995), pp.2 and 4.
353. James N. Rosenau, Distant Proximities: Dynamics Beyond Globalization (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2003).
354. Alice D. Ba and Matthew J. Hoffmann (eds), Contending Perspectives on Global Governance (Abingdon: Routledge, 2005).
355. Rodney Bruce Hall and Thomas J. Biersteker (eds), op cit.
356. Geoffrey Vickers, Value Systems and Social Processes (London: Tavistock Publications, 1968), p.116. Italics original.
357. For an examination of the conceptual history of the term, see Michael Redclift, 'Sustainable development (1987-2005): An Oxymoron Comes of Age', Sustainable Development, 13 (2005), pp.212-27.
358. Charles E. Lindblom, 'A century of planning', in Michael Kenny and James Meadowcroft (eds) Planning Sustainability (London: Routledge, 1999), p.59.
359. Max Singer and Aaron Wildavsky, The Real World Order: Zones of Peace, Zones of Turmoil (New York: Chatham House Publishers, 1993), p.1.
360. Robert Cooper, 'The new liberal imperialism', The Observer, 7 April 2002.
361. Jörg Friedrichs, 'Global Governance as the Hegemonic Project of Transatlantic Civil Society', in Markus Lederer and Philipp S. Müller (eds), Criticizing Global Governance (Basingstoke: Palgrave, 2005), pp.45-68
362. Mark Duffield, Global Governance and the New Wars: The Merging of Development and Security (London: Zed Books, 2001).
363. Jim Whitman, 'The Challenge to Deliberative Systems of Technological Systems Convergence', Innovation: The European Journal of Social Sciences, Vol. 20, No. 4 (December 2007), pp.329-42.
364. Report of a NEST High-Level Expert Group, Synthetic Biology: Applying Engineering to Biology (Brussels: European Commission, 2005), p.5.
365. Sylvia Pagán, 'Virus synthesised in a fortnight', New Scientist, 14 November 2003.
366. The principal US document on technological convergence is M.C. Roco and W.S. Bainbridge, 'Executive Summary', in NSF/DOC-sponsored report, Converging Technologies for Improving Human Performance: Nanotechnology, Biotechnology, Information Technology and Cognitive Science (Arlington, Virginia, 2002). Available at: http://www.wtec.org/ConvergingTechnologies/Report/ NBIC_report.pdf.
367. The primary EU report is Alfred Nordmann (Rapporteur), Converging Technologies - Shaping the Future of European Societies (2004). Available at: http://www.ntnu.no/2020/pdf/final_report_en.pdf.
368. Geoffrey Vickers, Human Systems Are Different (London: Harper & Row, 1983), p.xv.
369. M.C. Roco, 'National Nanotechnology Initiative - Past, Present and Future', 20 February 2006. Available at: http://www.nano.gov/NNI_Past_Present_ Future.pdf, p.31.
370. Sharon Oosthoek, 'Nature 2.0', New Scientist, 5 July 2008, p.33.
371. T.M. Wigley, 'The Climate Change Commitment', Science, Vol. 307, No. 5716 (March 2005), pp.1766-9.
372. Charles E. Lindblom, 'Still Muddling, Not Yet Through', Public Administration Review, November/December 1979, p.524.
373. James N. Rosenau, 'Governance, Order, and Change in World Politics', in James N. Rosenau and Ernst-Otto Czempiel (eds) Governance Without Government: Order and Change in World Politics (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992).
374. Indicative studies include Martin Hewson and Timothy J. Sinclair (eds), Approaches to Global Governance Theory (Albany: State University of New York Press, 1999)
375. Jon Pierre (ed.), Debating Governance (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000)
376. Alice D. Ba and Matthew J. Hoffmann (eds), Contending Perspectives on Global Governance (Abingdon: Routledge, 2005).
377. James N. Rosenau, 'Global Governance in the Twenty-first Century', Global Governance, Vol. 1, No. 1 (1995), p.13.
378. Leon Gordenker and Thomas Weiss, cited in Klaus Dingwerth and Philip Pattberg, 'Global Governance as a Perspective on World Politics', Global Governance, Vol. 12, No. 3 (July-September 2006), p.195.
379. http://hdr.undp.org/en/reports/global/ hdr2007-2008/
380. Caroline Thomas, Global Governance, Development and Human Security: The Challenge of Poverty and Inequality (London: Pluto Press, 2000).
381. Helen Yanacopulos, 'Patterns of governance: the rise of transnational coalitions of NGOs', Global Society, Vol. 19, No. 3 (2005), pp.247-66.
382. Randall D. Germain, The Idea of Global Civil Society: Ethics and Politics in a Globalizing Era (Abingdon: Routledge, 2006); Mary Kaldor and others (eds), Global Civil Society 2006/07(London: Sage, 2007).
383. The UN Global Compact, available at: http://www.unglobalcompact.org/ AbouttheGC/TheTENPrinciples/index.html
384. Manfred Nowak, Introduction to the International Human Rights Regime (Boston: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 2003).
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