The temporal relationship between glucose-corrected serum sodium and neurological status in severe diabetic ketoacidosis

Archives of Disease in Childhood

Volumn 96, Issue 1, 2011, Pages 50-57

  Durward, Andrew ^a   Ferguson, Lee P ^a   Taylor, Dan ^a   Murdoch, Ian A ^a   Tibby, Shane M ^a  

^a EVELINA LONDON CHILDREN S HOSPITAL   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

GLUCOSE; INSULIN; SODIUM;

ACID BASE BALANCE; ARTICLE; BRAIN EDEMA; CHILD; CONTROLLED STUDY; DIABETIC KETOACIDOSIS; DISEASE MARKER; FEMALE; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; NEUROIMAGING; OSMOLALITY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RISK FACTOR; SODIUM BLOOD LEVEL;

ACID-BASE EQUILIBRIUM; ADOLESCENT; BIOLOGICAL MARKERS; BLOOD GLUCOSE; BRAIN EDEMA; CHILD; DIABETIC KETOACIDOSIS; EARLY DIAGNOSIS; EPIDEMIOLOGIC METHODS; FEMALE; FLUID THERAPY; HUMANS; HYDROGEN-ION CONCENTRATION; MALE; OSMOLAR CONCENTRATION; SODIUM; TIME FACTORS;

EID: 78650845183     PISSN: 00039888     EISSN: 14682044     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1136/adc.2009.170530     Document Type: Article

References (40)

1. Wolfsdorf J, Craig ME, Daneman D, et al. International Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Diabetes. Diabetic ketoacidosis. ISPAD Clinical Practice Consensus Guidelines 2006-2007. Pediatr Diabetes 2007;8:28-42.
2. Edge JA, Ford-Adams ME, Dunger DB. Causes of death in children with insulin dependent diabetes 1990-96. Arch Dis Child 1999;81:318-23.
3. Glaser N, Barnett P, McCaslin I, et al. Pediatric Emergency Medicine Collaborative Research Committee of the American Academy of Pediatrics. Risk factors for cerebral edema in children with diabetic ketoacidosis. The Pediatric Emergency Medicine Collaborative Research Committee of the American Academy of Pediatrics. N Engl J Med 2001;344:264-9.
4. Edge JA, Hawkins MM, Winter DL, et al. The risk and outcome of cerebral oedema developing during diabetic ketoacidosis. Arch Dis Child 2001;85:16-22.
5. Lawrence SE, Cummings EA, Gaboury I, et al. Population-based study of incidence and risk factors for cerebral edema in pediatric diabetic ketoacidosis. J Pediatr 2005;146:688-92. (Pubitemid 40616256)
6. Glaser NS, Wootton-Gorges SL, Buonocore MH, et al. Frequency of subclinical cerebral edema in children with diabetic ketoacidosis. Pediatr Diabetes 2006;7:75-80.
7. Wootton-Gorges SL, Glaser NS. Imaging of the brain in children with type I diabetes mellitus. Pediatr Radiol 2007;37:863-9.
8. Levin DL. Cerebral edema in diabetic ketoacidosis. Pediatr Crit Care Med 2008;9:320-9.
9. Rosenbloom AL, Riley WJ, Weber FT, et al. Cerebral edema complicating diabetic ketoacidosis in childhood. J Pediatr 1980;96:357-61.
10. Duck SC, Wyatt DT. Factors associated with brain herniation in the treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis. J Pediatr 1988;113:10-14.
11. Harris GD, Fiordalisi I, Harris WL, et al. Minimizing the risk of brain herniation during treatment of diabetic ketoacidemia: a retrospective and prospective study. J Pediatr 1990;117:22-31.
12. Bello FA, Sotos JF. Cerebral oedema in diabetic ketoacidosis in children. Lancet 1990;336:64.
13. Rosenbloom AL. Intracerebral crises during treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis. Diabetes Care 1990;13:22-33. (Pubitemid 20024726)
14. Hale PM, Rezvani I, Braunstein AW, et al. Factors predicting cerebral edema in young children with diabetic ketoacidosis and new onset type I diabetes. Acta Paediatr 1997;86:626-31.
15. Mahoney CP, Vlcek BW, DelAguila M. Risk factors for developing brain herniation during diabetic ketoacidosis. Pediatr Neurol 1999;21:721-7.
16. Marcin JP, Glaser N, Barnett P, et al. American Academy of Pediatrics. The Pediatric Emergency Medicine Collaborative Research Committee. Factors associated with adverse outcomes in children with diabetic ketoacidosis-related cerebral edema. J Pediatr 2002;141:793-7.
17. Edge JA, Jakes RW, Roy Y, et al. The UK case-control study of cerebral oedema complicating diabetic ketoacidosis in children. Diabetologia 2006;49:2002-9.
18. Edge JA, Roy Y, Bergomi A, et al. Conscious level in children with diabetic ketoacidosis is related to severity of acidosis and not to blood glucose concentration. Pediatr Diabetes 2006;7:11-15.
19. Hoorn EJ, Carlotti AP, Costa LA, et al. Preventing a drop in effective plasma osmolality to minimize the likelihood of cerebral edema during treatment of children with diabetic ketoacidosis. J Pediatr 2007;150:467-73.
20. Halperin M, Goldstein M. Fluid, electrolyte and acid-base physiology: a problem-based approach. 3rd edn. Toronto: W.B. Saunders Company, 1999.
21. Katz MA. Hyperglycemia-induced hyponatremia - calculation of expected serum sodium depression. N Engl J Med 1973;289:843-4.
22. Paediatric Intensive Care Audit Network 2008 Fifth PICANet National Report. http://www.picanet.org.uk/documentation.html (Accessed 1 July 2009).
23. Dunger DB, Sperling MA, Acerini CL, et al. ESPE/LWPES consensus statement on diabetic ketoacidosis in children and adolescents. Arch Dis Child 2004;89:188-94.
24. Gokel Y, Paydas S, Koseoglu Z, et al. Comparison of blood gas and acid-base measurements in arterial and venous blood samples in patients with uremic acidosis and diabetic ketoacidosis in the emergency room. Am J Nephrol 2000;20:319-23.
25. Brandenburg MA, Dire DJ. Comparison of arterial and venous blood gas values in the initial emergency department evaluation of patients with diabetic ketoacidosis. Ann Emerg Med 1998;31:459-65.
26. Brenner H, Kliebsch U. Dependence of weighted kappa coefficients on the number of categories. Epidemiology 1996;7:199-202.
27. South Thames Retrieval Service Clinical Guidelines: Diabetic Ketoacidosis. http://www.strs.nhs.uk/educationandguidelines/guidelines.aspx (Accessed 1 July 2009).
28. Grimberg A, Cerri RW, Satin-Smith M, et al. The "two bag system" for variable intravenous dextrose and fluid administration: benefits in diabetic ketoacidosis management. J Pediatr 1999;134:376-8. (Pubitemid 30417654)
29. Brown H, Prescott R. Applied mixed models in medicine. 2nd edn. Chichester: John Wiley and Sons, 2006:249-60.
30. Singer JD, Willett JB. Applied longitudinal data analysis: Modeling change and event occurrence. New York: Oxford University Press, 2003:3-242.
31. Royston P, Altman DG. Regression using fractional polynomials of continuous covariates: parsimonious parametric modeling. Applied Statistics 1994;43:429-67.
32. Royston P, Sauerbrei W. Multivariable Model-building. Chichester: John Wiley and Sons, 2008:72-8.
33. Yuen N, Anderson SE, Glaser N, et al. Cerebral blood flow and cerebral edema in rats with diabetic ketoacidosis. Diabetes 2008;57:2588-94.
34. Pedersen SF, O' Donnell ME, Anderson SE, et al. Physiology and pathophysiology of Na+/H+ exchange and Na+ -K+ -2Cl- cotransport in the heart, brain, and blood. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2006;291:R1-25.
35. Lam TI, Anderson SE, Glaser N, et al. Bumetanide reduces cerebral edema formation in rats with diabetic ketoacidosis. Diabetes 2005;54:510-16.
36. Glaser NS, Wootton-Gorges SL, Marcin JP, et al. Mechanism of cerebral edema in children with diabetic ketoacidosis. J Pediatr 2004;145:164-71.
37. Roberts JS, Vavilala MS, Schenkman KA, et al. Cerebral hyperemia and impaired cerebral autoregulation associated with diabetic ketoacidosis in critically ill children. Crit Care Med 2006;34:2217-23.
38. Hoffman WH, Stamatovic SM, Andjelkovic AV. Inflammatory mediators and blood brain barrier disruption in fatal brain edema of diabetic ketoacidosis. Brain Res 2009;1254:138-48.
39. Nieuwdorp M, van Haeften TW, Gouverneur MC, et al. Loss of endothelial glycocalyx during acute hyperglycemia coincides with endothelial dysfunction and coagulation activation in vivo. Diabetes 2006;55:480-6.
40. Glaser NS, Marcin JP, Wootton-Gorges SL, et al. Correlation of clinical and biochemical findings with diabetic ketoacidosis-related cerebral edema in children using magnetic resonance diffusion-weighted imaging. J Pediatr 2008;153:541-6.