Geography of house dust mite allergens

Asian Pacific Journal of Allergy and Immunology

Volumn 28, Issue 4, 2010, Pages 211-224

  Thomas, Wayne R ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WESTERN AUSTRALIA   (Australia)

Author keywords

Allergen; Allergen polymorphism; Allergen variants; Allergy; Blomia; Dermatophagoides; Farinae; House dust mite; Pteronyssinus; Tropicalis

Indexed keywords

ALLERGEN;

BLOMIA TROPICALIS; CROSS REACTION; DERMATOPHAGOIDES; DERMATOPHAGOIDES FARINAE; DERMATOPHAGOIDES PTERONYSSINUS; ENVIRONMENT; GENETIC VARIABILITY; GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION; HUMAN; IMMUNOTHERAPY; NONHUMAN; PYROGLYPHIDAE; REVIEW;

ALLELES; ANIMALS; ANTIGENIC VARIATION; ANTIGENS, DERMATOPHAGOIDES; CROSS REACTIONS; DESENSITIZATION, IMMUNOLOGIC; ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE; HUMANS; HYPERSENSITIVITY; POLYMORPHISM, GENETIC; PYROGLYPHIDAE; REGIONAL MEDICAL PROGRAMS;

EID: 78650841481     PISSN: 0125877X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review

References (208)

1. Heinzerling LM, Burbach GJ, Edenharter G, Bachert C, Bindslev-Jensen C, Bonini S, et al. GA(2)LEN skin test study I: GA(2)LEN harmonization of skin prick testing: novel sensitization patterns for inhalant allergens in Europe. Allergy. 2009; 64:1498-506.
2. Arbes SJ Jr, Gergen PJ, Elliott L, Zeldin DC. Prevalences of positive skin test responses to 10 common allergens in the US population: results from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2005; 116: 377-83.
3. Leung R, Ho P. Asthma, allergy, and atopy in three south-east Asian populations. Thorax. 1994; 49: 1205-10
4. Li J, Sun B, Huang Y, Lin X, Zhao D, Tan G, et al. China Alliance of Research on Respiratory Allergic Disease. A multicentre study assessing the prevalence of sensitizations in patients with asthma and/or rhinitis in China. Allergy. 2009; 64: 1083-92.
5. Fernández-Caldas E, Baena-Cagnani CE, López M, Patiño C, Neffen HE, Sánchez-Medina M, et al. Cutaneous sensitivity to six mite species in asthmatic patients from five Latin American countries. J Invest Allergol Clin Immunol. 1993; 3: 245-9.
6. Sears MR, Burrows B, Herbison GP, Holdaway MD, Flannery EM. Atopy in childhood. II. Relationship to airway responsiveness, hay fever and asthma. Clin Exp Allergy. 1993; 23: 949-56.
7. Peat JK, Tovey E, Toelle BG, Haby MM, Gray EJ, Mahmic A, et al. House dust mite allergens. A major risk factor for childhood asthma in Australia. Am J Resp Crit Care Med. 1996; 153: 141-6.
8. Perzanowski MS, Ng'ang'a LW, Carter MC, Odhiambo J, Ngari P, Vaughan JW, et al. Atopy, asthma, and antibodies to Ascaris among rural and urban children in Kenya. J Pediatrics. 2002; 140: 582-8.
9. Addo-Yobo EO, Custovic A, Taggart SC, Craven M, Bonnie B, Woodcock A. Risk factors for asthma in urban Ghana. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2001; 108: 363-8.
10. Arlain LG, Morgan MS, Neal JS. Dust mite allergens: ecology and distribution. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep. 2002; 2: 401-411.
11. Sporik R, Ingram JM, Price W, Sussman JH, Honsinger RW, Platts-Mills TA. Association of asthma with serum IgE and skin test reactivity to allergens among children living at high altitude. Tickling the dragon's breath. Am J Resp Crit Care Med. 1995; 151: 1388-92.
12. Nelson HS, Fernandez-Caldas E. Prevalence of house dust mites in the Rocky Mountain states. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 1995; 75: 337-9.
13. Spieskma FTM, Zuidema P, Leupen MJ. High Altitude and house-dust mites. Br Med J. 1971; 1, 82-84.
14. Ronmark E, Bjerg A, Perzanowski M, Platts-Mills T, Lundback B. Major increase in allergic sensitization in schoolchildren from 1996 to 2006 in northern Sweden. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2009; 124:357-63.
15. Nja F, Roksund OD, Svidal B, Nystad W, Carlsen KH. Asthma and allergy among schoolchildren in a mountainous, dry, non-polluted area in Norway. Ped Allergy Immunol. 2000; 11: 40-8.
16. Gusareva ES, Bragina EJ, Deeva EV, Kazakevich NV, Puzyrev VP, Ogorodova LM, et al. Cat is a major allergen in patients with asthma from west Siberia, Russia. Allergy. 2006; 61: 509-10.
17. Raukas-Kivioja A, Raukas ES, Meren M. Loit HM, Ronmark E, Lundback B. Allergic sensitization to common airborne allergens among adults in Estonia. Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 2007; 142: 247-54.
18. Viinanen A, Munhbayarlah S, Zevgee T, Narantsetseg L, Naidansuren Ts, Koskenvuo M, et al. Prevalence of asthma, allergic rhinoconjunctivitis and allergic sensitization in Mongolia. Allergy. 2005; 60: 1370-7
19. Clausen M, Kristjansson S, Haraldsson A, Bjorksten B. High prevalence of allergic diseases and sensitization in a low allergen country. Acta Paediatr. 2008; 97: 1216-20.
20. Gruchalla RS, Pongracic J, Plaut M, Evans R 3rd, Visness CM, Walter M, Crain EF, et al. Inner City Asthma Study: relationships among sensitivity, allergen exposure, and asthma morbidity. J of Allergy Clin Immunol. 2005; 115: 478-85.
21. Matsui EC, Eggleston PA, Breysse PN, Rand CS, Diette GB. Mouse allergen-specific antibody responses in inner-city children with asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2007; 119:910-5.
22. Murray AB, Ferguson AC, Morrison BJ. Sensitization to house dust mites in different climatic areas. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1985; 76: 108-12.
23. Valdivieso R, Estupiñañ M, Iraola V. Exposure to Risky Concentrations of Dermatophagoides Allergens in a High-Altitude Population (Quito, 2800 m Above Sea Level in the Andean Mountains). J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol. 2010; 20: 352-363.
24. Mumcuoglu KY, Gat Z, Horowitz T, Miller J, Bar-Tana R, Ben-Zvi A, et al. Abundance of house dust mites in relation to climate in contrasting agricultural settlements in Israel. Med Vet Entomol. 1999; 13: 252-8.
25. Al Frayh AR, Shakoor Z, Gad El Rab MO, Hasnain SM. Increased prevalence of asthma in Saudi Arabia. Ann Allergy, Asthma Immunol. 2001; 86: 292-6.
26. Al-Mousawi MS, Lovel H, Behbehani N, Arifhodzic N, Woodcock A, Custovic A. Asthma and sensitization in a community with low indoor allergen levels and low pet-keeping frequency. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2004; 114:1389-94.
27. Ezeamuzie CI, Thomson MS, Al-Ali S, Dowaisan A, Khan M, Hijazi Z. Asthma in the desert: spectrum of the sensitizing aeroallergens. Allergy. 2000; 55: 157-162.
28. Halonen M. Stern DA. Wright AL. Taussig LM. Martinez FD. Alternaria as a major allergen for asthma in children raised in a desert environment. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1997;155:1356-61
29. Peat JK, Toelle BG, Gray EJ, Haby MM, Belousova E, Mellis CM, et al. Prevalence and severity of childhood asthma and allergic sensitisation in seven climatic regions of New South Wales. Med J Aust. 1995; 163: 22-6.
30. Chua KY, Cheong N, Kuo IC, Lee BW, Yi FC, Huang CH, et al. The Blomia tropicalis allergens. Protein Pept Lett. 2007; 14:325-33.
31. Chew FT, Yi FC, Chua KY, Fernandez-Caldas E, Arruda LK, Chapman MD, et al. Allergenic differences between the domestic mites Blomia tropicalis and Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus. Clin Exp Allergy. 1999; 29: 982-8.
32. Gao YF, Wang de Y, Ong TC, Tay SL, Yap KH, Chew FT. Identification and characterization of a novel allergen from Blomia tropicalis: Blo t 21. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2007; 120:105-12.
33. Arruda LK, Vailes LD, Platts-Mills TA, Fernandez-Caldas E, Montealegre F, Lin KL, et al. Sensitization to Blomia tropicalis in patients with asthma and identification of allergen Blo t 5. Am J Resp Crit Care Med. 1997; 155: 343-50.
34. Simpson A, Green R, Custovic A, Woodcock A, Arruda LK, Chapman MD. Skin test reactivity to natural and recombinant Blomia and Dermatophagoides spp. allergens among mite allergic patients in the UK. Allergy. 2003; 58: 53-6.
35. Acevedo N, Sánchez J, Erler A, Mercado D, Briza P, Kennedy M, et al. IgE cross-reactivity between Ascaris and domestic mite allergens: the role of tropomyosin and the nematode polyprotein ABA-1. Allergy. 2009; 64: 1635-43.
36. Chew FT, Zhang L, Ho TM, Lee BW. House dust mite fauna of tropical Singapore. Clin Exp Allergy. 1999; 29: 201-6.
37. Sun BQ, Wu A, Chan A, Chik S, Wong D, Zhong NS. House dust mite allergen (Derp1 and Blot5) levels in asthmatics' home in Hongkong. Chin Med Sci J. 2004; 19:185-8.
38. Mariana A, Ho TM, Sofian-Azirun M, Wong AL. House dust mite fauna in the Klang Valley, Malaysia. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Pub Health. 2000; 31:712-21.
39. de las Llagas LA, Mistica MS, Bertuso AG. House dust mites collected from houses of persons with respiratory allergies. Philippine Entomologist. 2005; 19: 193-200.
40. Tsai JJ, Wu HH, Shen HD, Hsu EL, Wang SR. Sensitization to Blomia tropicalis among asthmatic patients in Taiwan. Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 1998; 115: 144-9.
41. Kuo IC, Yi FC, Cheong N, Shek LP, Chew FT, Lee BW, et al. Sensitization to Blomia tropicalis and dermatophagoides pteronyssinus-a comparative study between Singapore and Taiwan. Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol. 1999; 17: 179-188.
42. Wang B, Wu J, Liu ZG. Mites in mattress dust and relevant environmental factors in student dormitories in Shenzhen. Chinese Journal of Parasitology & Parasitic Diseases. 2009; 27:89-90. Chinese.
43. Cheong N, Ramos JD, Tang CY, Chng HH, Yao R, Liang Z, et al. Mite amylase from Blomia tropicalis (Blo t 4): differential allergenicity linked to geographical regions. Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 2009; 149: 25-32.
44. Baratawidjaja IR, Baratawidjaja PP, Darwis A, Yi FC, Chew FT, Lee BW, et al. Mites in Jakarta homes. Allergy. 1998; 53: 1226-7.
45. Lim DL, Shek LP, Shaikh WA, Baratawidjaja K, Trakultivakorn M, Vichyanond P, et al. Pattern of sensitization to Blomia tropicalis and its recombinant allergens in four tropical asian populations. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2002; 109: S179.
46. Nayar E, Lal M, Dasgupta A. The prevalence of mite Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and its association with house dust allergy. Indian J Med Res. 1974; 62: 11-14.
47. ChannaBasavanna GP. Current status of research on dust mites in India. In: Agashe SN, editor. Recent Trends In Aerobiology, Allergy and Immunology. New Dehli:Oxford & IBH Publ Co Pvt Ltd, p.129-42.
48. Trakultivakorn M, Nuglor T. Sensitization to Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and Blomia tropicalis extracts and recombinant mite allergens in atopic Thai patients. Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol. 2002; 20: 217-21.
49. Malainual N, Vichyanond P, Phan-Urai P. House dust mite fauna in Thailand. Clin Exp Allergy. 1995; 25: 554-60.
50. Manolio TA, Barnes KC, Naidu RP, Levett PN, Beaty TH, Wilson AF. Correlates of sensitization to Blomia tropicalis and Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus in asthma in Barbados. Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 2003; 131: 119-26.
51. Montealegre F, Sepulveda A, Bayona M, Quinones C, Fernandez-Caldas E. Identification of the domestic mite fauna of Puerto Rico. P R Health Sci J. 1997; 16:109-16.
52. Castro Almarales RL, Mateo Morejón M, Naranjo Robalino RM, Navarro Viltre BI, Alvarez Castelló M, Ronquillo Díaz M, et al. Correlation between skin tests to Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, Dermatophagoides siboney and Blomia tropicalis in Cuban asthmatics. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr). 2006; 34: 23-6.
53. Arlian LG, Bernstein D, Bernstein IL, Friedman S, Grant A, Lieberman P, et al. Prevalence of dust mites in the homes of people with asthma living in eight different geographic areas of the United States. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1992; 90: 292-300.
54. Baqueiro T, Carvalho FM, Rios CF, dos Santos NM, Alcantara-Neves NM. Dust mite species and allergen concentrations in beds of individuals belonging to different urban socioeconomic groups in Brazil. Medical Student Group. J Asthma. 2006; 43:101-5.
55. Medeiros M Jr, Figueiredo JP, Almeida MC, Atta AM, Taketomi EA, Silva DA, et al. Association between mite allergen (Der p 1, Der f 1, Blo t 5) levels and microscopic identification of mites or skin prick test results in asthmatic subjects. Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 2002; 129: 237-41.
56. Fernandez-Caldas E, Puerta L, Mercado D, Lockey RF, Caraballo LR. Mite fauna, Der p I, Der f I and Blomia tropicalis allergen levels in a tropical environment. Clin Exp Allergy. 1993; 23: 292-7.
57. Croce M, Costa-Manso E, Baggio D, Croce J. House dust mites in the city of Lima, Peru. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol. 2000;10:286-8.
58. Valdivieso R, Iraola V, Estupinan M, Fernandez-Caldas E. Sensitization and exposure to house dust and storage mites in high-altitude areas of ecuador. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2006; 97: 532-8.
59. Hurtado I, Parini M. House dust mites in Caracas, Venezuela. Ann Allergy. 1987; 59: 128-30.
60. Sanchez-Medina M, Zarante I. Dust mites at high altitude in a tropical climate. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1996; 97: 1167-8.
61. Terra SA, Silva DA, Sopelete MC, Mendes J, Sung SJ, Taketomi EA. Mite allergen levels and acarologic analysis in house dust samples in Uberaba, Brazil. J Invest Allergol Clin Immunol. 2004; 14: 232-7.
62. Mpairwe H, Muhangi L, Ndibazza J, Tumusiime J, Muwanga M, Rodrigues LC, et al. Skin prick test reactivity to common allergens among women in Entebbe, Uganda. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2008; 102: 367-73.
63. Tovey ER, McDonald LG, Peat JK, Marks GB. Domestic Mite Species and Der p 1 Allergen Levels in Nine Locations in Australia. Allergy Clin Immunol Int. 2000; 12: 226-231.
64. Turner KJ, Stewart GA, Woolcock AJ, Green W, Alpers MP. Relationship between mite densities and the prevalence of asthma: Comparative studies in two populations in the Eastern Highlands of Papua New Guinea. Clin Allergy. 1988; 18: 331-40.
65. Cardona G, Guisantes J, Postigo I, Eraso E, Serna LA, Martinez J. Allergenic cross-reactivity between Blomia tropicalis and Blomia kulagini (Acari: Echymiopodidae) extracts from optimized mite cultures. J Invest Allergol Clin Immunol. 2005; 15: 259-65.
66. Sanchez Covisa A, Rodriguez Rodriguez JA, De la Torre F, Garcia Robaina JC. Mite fauna of house dust of the island of Tenerife. Acarologia. 1999; 40: 55-58.
67. van Hage-Hamsten M, Johansson E. Clinical and immunologic aspects of storage mite allergy. Allergy. 1998; 53: 49-53.
68. Charpin D, Parola P, Arezki I, Charpin-Kadouch C, Palot A, Dumon H. House-dust mites on wall surfaces of damp dwellings belong to storage mite genus. Allergy. 2010; 65: 274-5.
69. Boquete M, Carballás C, Carballada F, Iraola V, Carnés J, Fernández- Caldas E. In vivo and in vitro allergenicity of the domestic mite Chortoglyphus arcuatus. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2006;97:203-8.
70. Puerta L, Fernández-Caldas E, Lockey RF, Caraballo LR. Sensitization to Chortoglyphus arcuatus and Aleuroglyphus ovatus in Dermatophagoides spp. allergic individuals. Clin Exp Allergy. 1993; 23: 117-123.
71. Ree HI, Jeon SH, Lee IY, Hong CS, Lee DK. Fauna and geographical distribution of house dust mites in Korea. Korean J Parasitol. 1997; 35: 9-17.
72. Munhbayarlah S, Park JW, Ko SH, Ree HI, Hong CS. Identification of Tyrophagus putrescentiae allergens and evaluation of cross-reactivity with Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus. Yonsei Med J. 1998; 39: 109-15.
73. Arlian LG, Neal JS, Vyszenski-Moher DL. Reducing relative humidity to control the house dust mite Dermatophagoides farinae. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1999; 104: 852-6.
74. Crowther D, Wilkinson T, Biddulph P, Oreszczyn T, Pretlove S, Ridley I. A simple model for predicting the effect of hygrothermal conditions on populations of house dust mite Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Acari: Pyroglyphidae). Exp Appl Acarol. 2006; 79: 127-148.
75. Arlian LG, Confer PD, Rapp CM, Vyszenski-Moher DL, Chang JC. Population dynamics of the house dust mites Dermatophagoides farinae, D. pteronyssinus, and Euroglyphus maynei (Acari: Pyroglyphidae) at specific relative humidities. J Med Entomol. 1998; 35: 46-53.
76. Pike AJ, Cunningham MJ, Lester PJ. Development of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Acari: Pyroglyphidae) at Constant and Simultaneously Fluctuating Temperature and Humidity Conditions. Med. Entomol. 2005; 42: 266-269.
77. Green WF, Woolcock AJ, Stuckey M, Sedgwick C, Leeder SR. House dust mites and skin tests in different Australian localities. Aust NZ J Med. 1986; 16: 639-43.
78. Pike AJ, Wickens K. The House Dust Mite and Storage Mite fauna of New Zealand dwellings. New Zealand Entomologist. 2008; 31: 17-22.
79. Gabriel M, Cunnington AM, Allan WGL, Pickering CAC, Wraith DG. Mite allergy in Hong Kong. Clin Allergy. 1982; 12: 157-71.
80. Zock JP, Heinrich J, Jarvis D, Verlato G, Norbäck D, Plana E, et al. Distribution and determinants of house dust mite allergens in Europe: the European Community Respiratory Health Survey II. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2006;118: 682-90.
81. Guerin B, Levy DA, Lemao J, Leynadier F, Baligadoo G, Fain A, et al. The house dust mite Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus is the most important allergen on the island of Mauritius. Clin Exp Allergy. 1992; 22: 533-539.
82. Marraccini P, Farioli L, Pagani A, Rossi L, Russignaga D, Parmiani S. Indoor allergens in office. Evaluation of the work station. G Ital Med Lav Ergon 2004; 26: 97-101. Italian.
83. Bigliocchi F, Maroli M. Distribution and abundance of house-dust mites (Acarina: Pyroglyphidae) in Rome, Italy Aerobiologia. 1995; 11: 35-40.
84. Noferi A, Serino W, Sacerdoti G, Blythe ME. Survey on concentration and type of house dust mites (HDM) in dusts of specifically sensitized people, in Naples. Preliminary data. Folia Allergol Immunol Clin. 1974; 21: 466-469.
85. Colloff MJ, Stewart GA, Thompson PJ. House dust acarofauna and Der p I equivalent in Australia: the relative importance of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and Euroglyphus maynei. Clin Exp Allergy. 1991; 21:225-30.
86. Rose G, Arlian L, Bernstein D, Grant A, Lopez M, Metzger J, et al. Evaluation of household dust mite exposure and levels of specific IgE and IgG antibodies in asthmatic patients enrolled in a trial of immunotherapy. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1996; 97: 1071-8.
87. Trakultivakorn M, Krudtong S. House dust mite allergen levels in Chiang Mai homes. Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol. 2004; 22:1-6.
88. Ishii A, Takaoka M, Ichinoe M, Kabasawa Y, Ouchi T. Mite fauna and fungal flora in house dust from homes of asthmatic children. Allergy. 1979; 34: 379-87.
89. Sakaguchi M, Inouye S, Yaseuda H, Irie T, Yoshisawa S, Shida T. Measurement of allergens associated with dust mite allergy II Concentrations of airborne mite allergens (Der I and Der II) in the house. Int Arch allergy Appl Imunol. 1989; 90: 190-193.
90. Santoso H. The value of a single skin prick testing for specific IgE Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus to distinguish atopy from non-atopic asthmatic children in the tropics. Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol. 1998; 16: 69-74.
91. Nayar E, Lal M, Dasgupta A. The prevalence of mite Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and its association with house dust allergy. Indian J Med Res. 1974; 62: 11-14.
92. Wickens K, de Bruyne J, Calvo M, Choon-Kook S, Jayaraj G, Lai CK, et al. The determinants of dust mite allergen and its relationship to the prevalence of symptoms of asthma in the Asia-Pacific region. Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2004; 15: 55-61.
93. Calvo M, Fernandez-Caldas E, Arellano P, Marin F, Carnes J, Hormaechea A. Mite allergen exposure, sensitisation and clinical symptoms in Valdivia, Chile. J Invest Allergol Clin Immunol. 2005; 15:189-96.
94. Arruda LK, Rizzo MC, Chapman MD, Fernandez-Caldas E, Baggio D, Platts-Mills TA, et al, Exposure and sensitization to dust mite allergens among asthmatic children in Sao Paulo, Brazil. Clin Exp Allergy. 1991; 21:433-9.
95. Medeiros M Jr, Figueiredo JP, Almeida MC, Atta AM, Taketomi EA, Silva DA, et al. Association between Mite Allergen (Der p 1, Der f 1, Blo t 5) Levels and Microscopic Identification of Mites or Skin Prick Test Results in Asthmatic Subjects. Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 2002; 129: 237-241.
96. Demite PR, Isa LS, Feres RJF. House dust mites in Sao Jose do Rio Preto, State of Sao Paulo, Brazil. Biociencias. 2007; 15: 154-156.
97. Rosa AE, Flechtmann CHW. Mites in house dust from Brazil. Int J Acarol. 1979; 5: 1975-198.
98. Sopelete MC, Silva DA, Arruda LK, Chapman MD, Taketomi EA. Dermatophagoides farinae (Der f 1) and Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Der p 1) allergen exposure among subjects living in Uberlandia, Brazil. Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 2000; 122: 257-63.
99. Terra SA, Silva DAO, Sopelete MC, Mendes J, Sung SJ, Taketomi EA. Mite allergen levels and acarologic analysis in house dust samples in Uberaba, Brazil. J Invest Allergol Clin Immunol. 2004; 14: 232-237.
100. Neffen H, Fernández-Caldas E, Predolini N, Trudeau W, Sánchez-Cuerra M, Lockey R. Mite sensitivity and exposure in the city of Santa Fe, Argentina. J Invest Allergol Clin Immunol. 1996; 6: 278-82.
101. Valdivieso R, Estupiñañ M, Iraola V. Exposure to Risky Concentrations of Dermatophagoides Allergens in a High-Altitude Population (Quito, 2800 m Above Sea Level in the Andean Mountains). J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol. 2010; 20: 352-363.
102. Barnes KC, Fernandez-Caldas E, Trudeau WL, Milne DE, Brenner RJ. Spatial and temporal distribution of house dust mite (Astigmata: Pyroglyphidae) allergens Der p 1 and Der f 1 in Barbadian homes. J Med Entomol. 1997; 34: 212-218.
103. Cuervo N, Dusbabek F, de la Cruz J, Abreu R. Acarids (Acarina: Pyroglyphidae, Cheyletidae, Saproglyphidae and Glycyphagidae) of house dust in Cuba. Rev Cubana Med Trop 1983; 35: 83-103. Spanish.
104. Servín VR, Tejas A. Presencia de Dermatophagoides en Baja California Sur, Mexico. Southwestern Entomologist. 1991; 16: 156-161.
105. Lintner TJ, Brame KA. The effects of season, climate, and airconditioning on the prevalence of Dermatophagoides mite allergens in household dust. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1993; 91: 862-67.
106. Huss K, Adkinson NF Jr, Eggleston PA, Dawson C, Van Natta ML, Hamilton RG. House dust mite and cockroach exposure are strong risk factors for positive allergy skin test responses in the Childhood Asthma Management Program. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2001; 107: 48-54.
107. Murray AB, Zuk P. The seasonal variation in a population of house dust mites in a North American city. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1979; 64: 266-9.
108. Curtis L, Ross M, Scheff P, Persky V, Wadden R, Ramakrishnan V, et al. Dust-mite-allergen concentrations in asthmatics' bedrooms in the Quad Cities (Illinois, USA) after the Mississippi River floods of 1993. Allergy. 1997;52:642-9.
109. Chan-Yeung M, Becker A, Lam J, Dimich-Ward H, Ferguson A, Warren P, et al. House dust mite allergen levels in two cities in Canada: effects of season, humidity, city and home characteristics. Clin Exp Allergy. 1995; 25:240-6.
110. Arlian LG, Bernstein IL, Gallagher JS. The prevalence of house dust mites, Dermatophagoides spp, and associated environmental conditions in homes in Ohio. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1982; 69: 527-32.
111. Chew GL, Reardon AM, Correa JC, Young M, Acosta L, Mellins R, et al. Mite sensitization among Latina women in New York, where dust-mite allergen levels are typically low. Indoor Air. 2009; 19: 193-7.
112. Abramson SL, Turner-Henson A, Anderson L, Hemstreet MP, Bartholomew LK, Joseph CL, et al. Allergens in school settings: results of environmental assessments in 3 city school systems. J Sch Health. 2006; 76: 246-9.
113. Government of Canada Publications. The effect of improving the home environment on asthma: a pilot study: final report. Canadian Housing Information Centre, 2001, Housing technology series vi, 45 p. Cat MH111 99E23.
114. Friedman FM, Friedman HM, O'Connor GT. Prevalence of dust-mite allergens in homes and workplaces of the Upper Connecticut River Valley of New England. Allergy Proc. 1992;13: 259-62.
115. Platts-Mills TA, Heymann PW, Chapman MD, Hayden ML, Wilkins SR. Cross-reacting and species-specific determinants on a major allergen from Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and D. farinae: development of a radioimmunoassay for antigen P1 equivalent in house dust and dust mite extracts. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1986; 78: 398-407.
116. Smith TF, Kelly LB, Heymann PW, Wilkins SR, Platts-Mills TA. Natural exposure and serum antibodies to house dust mite of mite-allergic children with asthma in Atlanta. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1985; 76: 782-8.
117. Fernandez-Caldas E, Fox RW, Bucholtz, GA, Trudeau, WL. Ledford DK, Lockey RF. House Dust Mite Allergy in Florida. Mite Survey in Households of Mite-Sensitive Individuals in Tampa, Florida. Allergy Asthma Proc. 1990; 11: 263-267.
118. Kalpaklioglu AF, Emekci M, Ferizli A, Misirligil Z. A survey of acarofauna in Turkey: comparison of seven different geographic regions. Allergy Asthma Proc. 2004; 25: 185-90.
119. Macan J, Kanceljak B, Plavec D, Milkovic-Kraus S. Differences in mite fauna between the continental and Mediterranean climates of Croatia: microscopy and DustscreenTM test findings. Allergy. 2003; 58: 780-783.
120. Boquete M, Iraola V, Fernández-Caldas E, Arenas Villaroel L, Carballada FJ, González de la Cuesta C, et al. House dust mite species and allergen levels in Galicia, Spain: a cross-sectional, multicenter, comparative study. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol. 2006; 16: 169-76.
121. Arias-Irigoyen J, Lombardero M, Arteaga C, Carpizo JA, Barber D. Limited IgE cross-reactivity between Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and Glycyphagus domesticus in patients naturally exposed to both mite species. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2007; 120:98-104.
122. Vervloet D, Penaud A, Razzouk H, Senft M, Arnaud A, Boutin C, et al. Altitude and house dust mites. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1982; 69: 290-6.
123. Pauli G, Quoix E, Hedelin G, Bessot JC, Ott M, Dietemann A. Mite allergen content in mattress dust of Dermatophagoides-allergic asthmatics/rhinitics and matched controls. Clin Exp Allergy. 1993; 23:606-11.
124. Tempels-Pavlica Z, Oosting AJ, Terreehorst I, van Wijk RG, Bruijnzeel- Koomen CA, de Monchy JG, et al. Differential effect of mattress covers on the level of Der p 1 and Der f 1 in dust. Clin Exp Allergy. 2004; 34:1444-7.
125. Lind, P. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for determination of major excrement allergens of house dust mite species D. pteronyssinus, D. farinae and D. microceras. Allergy. 1996; 41: 442-51.
126. Lau S, Schulz G, Sommerfeld C, Wahn U. Comparison of quantitative ELISA and semiquantitative Dustscreen for determination of Der p 1, Der f 1, and Fel d 1 in domestic dust samples. Allergy. 2001; 56: 993-5.
127. Heltikova TM, Ovsyannikova IG, Gervazieva VB, Platts-Mills TA, Chapman MD, Petrova-Nikitina AD, et al. Comparative detection of mite allergens in house dust of homes in Moscow by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and acarologic analysis. Allergy. 1994; 49: 816-9.
128. Munir AK, Björkstén B, Einarsson R, Ekstrand-Tobin A, Möller C, Warner A, et al. Mite allergens in relation to home conditions and sensitization of asthmatic children from three climatic regions. Allergy. 1995; 50: 55-64.
129. Sidenius KE, Hallas TE, Poulsen LK, Mosbech H. House dust mites and their allergens in Danish mattresses-results from a population based study. Ann Agr Env Med. 2002; 9:33-9.
130. Mehl R. Occurrence of mites in Norway and the rest of Scandinavia. Allergy. 1998; 53: 28-35.
131. Nafstad P, Oie L, Mehl R, Gaarder PI, Lødrup-Carlsen KC, Botten G, et al. Residential Dampness Problems and Symptoms and Signs of Bronchial Obstruction in Young Norwegian Children. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1998; 157: 410-414.
132. Stenius B, Cunnington AM. House Dust Mites and Respiratory Allergy: A qualitative survey of species occurring in Finnish house dust. Scand J Resp Dis. 1972; 53: 338-348.
133. Partti-Pellinen K, Marttila O, Mäkinen-Kiljunen S, Haahtela T. Occurrence of dog, cat, and mite allergens in public transport vehicles. Allergy. 2000; 55: 65-68.
134. Al-Frayh AS, Hasnain SM, Gad-El-Rab MO, Schwartz B, Al-Mobairek K, Al-Sedairy ST. House dust mite allergens in Saudi Arabia: Regional variations and immune response. Ann Saudi Med. 1997; 17: 156-60.
135. Amoli K, Cunnington AM. House dust mites in Iran. Clin Allergy. 1977; 7: 93-101.
136. El Sharif N, Douwes J, Hoet PH, Doekes G, Nemery B. Concentrations of domestic mite and pet allergens and endotoxin in Palestine. Allergy. 2004; 59: 623-31.
137. Somorin AO, Hunponu-Wusu OO, Mumcuoglu Y, Heiner DC. Mite allergy in Nigerians: studies on house dust mites in houses of allergic patients in Lagos. Ir J Med Sci. 1978; 147: 26-30.
138. Potter PC, Davis G, Manjra A, Luyt D. House dust mite allergy in Southern Africa-historical perspective and current status. Clin Exp Allergy. 1996; 26: 132-137.
139. Sinclair W, CoetzeeII L, Joubert G. House-dust mite species in Bloemfontein, South Africa. S Afr Med J. 2010; 100: 164-167.
140. Matheson MC, Abramson MJ, Dharmage SC, Forbes AB, Raven JM, Thien FC, et al. Changes in indoor allergen and fungal levels predict changes in asthma activity among young adults. Clin Exp Allergy. 2005; 35: 907-913.
141. Couper D, Ponsonby A-L, Dwyer T. Determinants of dust mite allergen concentrations in infant bedrooms in Tasmania. Clin Exp Allergy. 1998; 28: 715-723.
142. Cornere BM. House dust mites a national survey. NZ Med J. 1972; 76: 270-271.
143. Brunetto B, Tinghino R, Braschi MC, Antonicelli L, Pini C, Iacovacci P. Characterization and comparison of commercially available mite extracts for in vivo diagnosis. Allergy. 2010; 65: 184-90.
144. Larenas-Linnemann D, Cox LS. European allergen extract units and potency: review of available information. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2008; 100: 137-45.
145. Britton WJ, Woolcock AJ, Peat JK, Sedgwick CJ, Lloyd DM, Leeder SR. Prevalence of bronchial hyperresponsiveness in children: the relationship between asthma and skin reactivity to allergens in two communities. Int J Epidemiol. 1986; 15: 202-209.
146. Gleeson M, Cripps AW, Hensley MJ, Wlodarczyk JH, Henry RL, Clancy RL. A clinical evaluation in children of the Pharmacia ImmunoCAP system for inhalant allergens. Clin Exp Allergy. 1996; 26: 697-702.
147. Trevillian LF, Ponsonby AL, Dwyer T, Lim LL, Kemp A, Cochrane J, et al. An association between plastic mattress covers and sheepskin underbedding use in infancy and house dust mite sensitization in childhood: a prospective study. Clin Exp Allergy. 2003; 33: 483-9.
148. Wickens K, Pearce N, Siebers R, Ellis I, Patchett K, Sawyer G, et al. Indoor environment, atopy and the risk of the asthma in children in New Zealand. Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 199; 10:199-208.
149. Adalsteinsdottir B, Sigurdardottir ST, Gislason T, Kristensen B, Gislason D. What characterizes house dust mite sensitive individuals in a house dust mite free community in Reykjavik, Iceland? Allergol Int. 2007; 56: 51-6.
150. Pifferi M, Baldini G, Marrazzini G, Baldini M, Ragazzo V, Pietrobelli A, et al. Benefits of immunotherapy with a standardized Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus extract in asthmatic children: a three-year prospective study. Allergy. 2002; 57: 785-90.
151. Moscato G, Rossi G, Dellabianca A, Pisati A, Vinci G, Biale C. Local immunotherapy by inhalation of a powder extract in asthma due to house dust mite Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus: a double-blind comparison with parenteral immunotherapy. J Invest Allergol Clinl Immunol. 1991; 1: 383-94.
152. Varney VA, Tabbah K, Mavroleon G, Frew AJ. Usefulness of specific immunotherapy in patients with severe perennial allergic rhinitis induced by house dust mite: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Clin Exp Allergy. 2003; 33:1076-82.
153. Shim JY, Kim BS, Cho SH, Min KU, Hong SJ. Allergen-specific conventional immunotherapy decreases immunoglobulin E-mediated basophil histamine releasability. Clin Exp Allergy. 2003; 33: 52-7.
154. Maestrelli P, Zanolla L, Pozzan M, Fabbri LM. Effect of specific immunotherapy added to pharmacologic treatment and allergen avoidance in asthmatic patients allergic to house dust mite. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2004; 113: 643-9.
155. Hales BJ, Thomas WR. T-cell sensitisation to epitopes from the house dust mites Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and Euroglyphus maynei. Clin Exp Allergy. 1997; 27: 868 875.
156. Trombone AP, Tobias KR, Ferriani VP, Schuurman J, Aalberse RC, Smith AM, et al. Use of a chimeric ELISA to investigate immunoglobulin E antibody responses to Der p 1 and Der p 2 in mite-allergic patients with asthma, wheezing and/or rhinitis. Clin Exp Allergy. 2002; 32:1323-8.
157. Hales BJ, Martin AC, Pearce LJ, et al. IgE and IgG anti-house dust mite specificities in allergic disease. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2006; 118: 361-7.
158. Weghofer M, Dall'Antonia Y, Grote M, Stöcklinger A, Kneidinger M, Balic N, et al. Characterization of Der p 21, a new important allergen derived from the gut of house dust mites. Allergy. 2008; 63: 758-67.
159. Weghofer M, Thomas WR, Pittner G, Horak F, Valenta R, Vrtala S. Comparison of purified Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus allergens and extract by two-dimensional immunoblotting and quantitative immunoglobulin E inhibitions. Clin Exp Allergy. 2005; 35: 1384-91.
160. Weghofer M, Thomas WR, Kronqvist M, Mari A, Purohit A, Pauli G, et al. Variability of IgE reactivity profiles among European mite allergic patients. Eur J Clin Invest. 2008; 38: 959-65.
161. van der Zee JS, van Swieten P, Jansen HM, Aalberse RC. Skin tests and histamine release with P1-depleted Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus body extracts and purified P1. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1988; 81: 884-96.
162. O'Brien RM, Thomas WR. Immune reactivity to Der p I and Der p II in house dust mite sensitive patients attending paediatric and adult allergy clinics. Clin Exp Allergy. 1994; 24: 737-742.
163. Yasueda H, Mita H, Yui Y, Shida T. Comparative analysis of physicochemical and immunochemical properties of the two major allergens from Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and the corresponding allergens from Dermatophagoides farinae. Int Arch Allergy Appl Immunol. 1989; 88: 402-7.
164. Heymann PW, Chapman MD, Platts-Mills TA. Antigen Der f I from the dust mite Dermatophagoides farinae: structural comparison with Der p I from Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and epitope specificity of murine IgG and human IgE antibodies. J Immunol. 1986; 137: 2841-7.
165. Masuda K, Tsujimoto H, Fujiwara S, Kurata K, Hasegawa A, Yasueda H, et al. IgE sensitivity and cross-reactivity to crude and purified mite allergens (Der f 1, Der f 2, Der p 1, Der p 2) in atopic dogs sensitive to Dermatophagoides mite allergens. Vet Immunol Immunopathol. 1999; 72: 303-13.
166. Lind P, Hansen OC, Horn N. The binding of mouse hybridoma and human IgE antibodies to the major fecal allergen, Der p I, of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus. Relative binding site location and species specificity studied by solid-phase inhibition assays with radiolabeled antigen.J Immunol. 1988; 140: 4256-62.
167. Heymann PW, Chapman MD, Aalberse RC, Fox JW, Platts-MIlls TAE. Antigenic and structural analaysis of group II allergens (Der f II and Der p II) from dust mites (Dermatophagoides spp). J Allergy Clinical Immunol. 1989; 83: 1055-1067.
168. Jin HS, Yong TS, Park JW, Hong CS, Oh SH. Immune reactivity of recombinant group 2 allergens of house dust mite, Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, and Dermatophagoides farinae. J Invest Allergol Clin Immunol. 2003; 13: 36-42.
169. Smith AM, Benjamin DC, Hozic N, Derewenda U, Smith WA, Thomas WR, et al. The molecular basis of antigenic cross-reactivity between the group 2 mite allergens. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2001; 107: 977-84.
170. Shen HD, Chua KY, Lin WL, Hsieh KH, Thomas WR. Molecular cloning and immunological characterization of the house dust mite allergen Der f 7. Clin Exp Allergy. 1995; 25: 1000-6.
171. Simpson A, Soderstrom L, Ahlstedt S, Murray CS, Woodcock A, Custovic A. IgE antibody quantification and the probability of wheeze in preschool children. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2005; 116: 744-9.
172. Hales BJ, Shen HD, Thomas WR. Cross-reactivity of T-cell responses to Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and D. farinae. Studies with group 1 and 7 allergens. Clin Exp Allergy. 2000; 30: 927-33.
173. Parronchi P, Macchia D, Piccinni MP, Biswas P, Simonelli C, Maggi E, et al. Allergen- and bacterial antigen-specific T-cell clones established from atopic donors show a different profile of cytokine production. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 1991; 88: 4538-42.
174. Satinover SM, Reefer AJ, Pomes A, Chapman MD, Platts-Mills TA. Woodfolk JA. Specific IgE and IgG antibody-binding patterns to recombinant cockroach allergens. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2005; 115: 803-9.
175. Pittner G, Vrtala S, Thomas WR, Weghofer M, Kundi M, Horak F, et al. Component -resolved diagnosis of mite allergy with purified natural and recombinant mite allergens. Clin Exp Allergy. 2004; 34: 597-603.
176. Aki T, Kodama T, Fujikawa A, Miura K, Shigeta S, Wada T, et al. Immunochemical characterization of recombinant and native tropomyosins as a new allergen from the house dust mite, Dermatophagoides farinae. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1995; 96: 74-83.
177. Westritschnig K, Sibanda E, Thomas W, Auer H, Aspöck H, Pittner G, et al. Analysis of the sensitization profile towards allergens in central Africa. Clin Exp Allergy. 2003; 33: 22-7.
178. Arlian LG, Morgan MS, Vyszenski-Moher DL, Sharra D. Cross-reactivity between storage and dust mites and between mites and shrimp. Exp Appl Acarol. 2009; 47: 159-72.
179. Sookrung N, Chaicumpa W, Tungtrongchitr A, Vichyanond P, Bunnag C, Ramasoota P, et al. Periplaneta americana arginine kinase as a major cockroach allergen among Thai patients with major cockroach allergies. Environ Health Perspect. 2006; 114: 875-80.
180. Garcia-Orozco KD, Aispuro-Hernandez E, Yepiz-Plascencia G, Calderon-de-la-Barca AM, Sotelo-Mundo RR. Molecular characterization of arginine kinase, an allergen from the shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 2007; 144: 23-8.
181. Valent P, Valenta R, Duchene M. Molecular and immunological characterization of arginine kinase from the Indianmeal moth, Plodia interpunctella, a novel cross-reactive invertebrate pan-allergen. J Immunol. 2001; 167: 5470-7.
182. Schirmer T, Hoffimann-Sommergrube K, Susani M, Breiteneder H, Markovic-Housley Z. Crystal structure of the major celery allergen Api g 1: molecular analysis of cross-reactivity. J Mol Biol. 2005; 35: 1101-9.
183. Twining SS, Lehmann H, Atassi MZ. The antibody response to myoglobin is independent of the immunized species. Analysis in terms of replacements in the antigenic sites and in environmental residues of the cross-reactions of fifteen myoglobins with sperm-whale myoglobin antisera raised in different species. Biochem J. 1980; 191: 681-697.
184. Röhm C, Zhou N, Süss J, Mackenzie J, Webster RG. Characterization of a novel influenza hemagglutinin, H15: criteria for determination of influenza A subtypes. Virology 1996; 217: 508-16.
185. Harrison RA, Wuster W, Theakston RD. The conserved structure of snake venom toxins confers extensive immunological cross-reactivity to toxinspecific antibody. Toxicon. 2003; 41: 441-9.
186. Ledesma A, Barderas R, Westritschnig K, Quiralte J, Pascual CY, Valenta R, et al. A comparative analysis of the cross-reactivity in the polcalcin family including Syr v 3, a new member from lilac pollen. Allergy. 2006; 61: 477-84.
187. Verdino P, Barderas R, Villalba M, Westritschnig K, Valenta R, Rodriguez R, et al. Three-Dimensional Structure of the Cross-Reactive Pollen Allergen Che a 3: Visualizing Cross-Reactivity on the Molecular Surfaces of Weed, Grass, and Tree Pollen Allergens. J Immunol. 2008; 180: 2313-21.
188. Hales BJ, Laing IA, Pearce LJ, Hazell LA, Mills KL, Chua KY, et al. Distinctive immunoglobulin E anti-house dust allergen-binding specificities in a tropical Australian Aboriginal community. Clin Exp Allergy. 2007; 37:1357-63.
189. Trompette A, Divanovic S, Visintin A, Blanchard C, Hegde RS, Madan R, et al. Allergenicity resulting from functional mimicry of a Toll-like receptor complex protein. Nature. 2009; 457: 585-8.
190. Thomas WR, Hales BJ, Smith WA. House dust mite allergens in asthma and allergy. Trends Mol Med. 2010; 16: 321-328.
191. Biles BD, Connolly BA. Low-fidelity Pyrococcus furiosus DNA polymerase mutants useful in error-prone PCR. Nucleic Acids Res. 2004; 32: e176.
192. Chua KY, Kehal PK, Thomas WR. Sequence polymorphisms of cDNA encoding the mite allergen Der p I. Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol. 1993; 101: 364-368.
193. Smith WA, Hales BJ, Jarnicki AG, Thomas WR. Allergens of wild house dust mites: environmental Der p 1 and Der p 2 sequence polymorphisms J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2001; 107: 985-92.
194. Piboonpocanun S, Malainual N, Jirapongsananuruk O, Vichyanond P, Thomas WR. Genetic polymorphisms of major house dust mite allergens. Clin Exp Allergy. 2006; 36: 510-6.
195. Zhang CQ, Thorsted PB, Lund K, Spangfort MD, Xu J, Zhong NS, et al. Sequence polymorphism of major house dust mite allergens. Chin J Parasitol Parasitic Dis. 2008; 26: 37-41. Chinese.
196. Nishiyama C, Yuuki T, Usui Y, Iwamoto N, Okumura Y, Okudaira H. Effects of amino acid variations in recombinant Der fII on its human IgE and mouse IgG recognition. Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 1994; 105: 62-9.
197. Chua KY, Huang CH, Shen HD, Thomas WR. Analysis of sequence polymorphism of a major mite allergen, Der p 2. Clin Exp Allergy. 1996; 26: 829-37.
198. Park JW, Kim KS, Jin HS, Kim CW, Kang DB, Choi SY, et al. Der p 2 isoallergens have different allergenicity, and quantification with 2-site ELISA using monoclonal antibodies is influenced by the isoallergens. Clin Exp Allergy. 2002; 32: 1042-7.
199. Christensen LH, Riise E, Bang L, Zhang C, Lund K. Isoallergen variations contribute to the overall complexity of effector cell degranulation: effect mediated through differentiated IgE affinity. J Immunol. 2010; 184: 4966-72.
200. Nandy A, Graefe L, Buchhop S, Kniest FM, Kahert H, Cromwell O, et al. Novel alleles of Dermatophagoides farinae house dust mite allergen Der f 2. In: Marone G, editor. Clinical Immunology and Allergy in Medicine, Naples Italy:JGC Editions;2003 p. 319-24.
201. Hales BJ, Hazell LA, Smith W, Thomas WR. Genetic variation of Der p 2 allergens: effects on T cell responses and immunoglobulin E binding. Clin Exp Allergy. 2002; 32:1461-7.
202. Hakkaart GAJ, Aalberse RC, van Ree R. Epitope mapping of the housedust- mite allergen Der p 2 by means of site-directed mutagenesis. Allergy. 1998; 53: 165-172.
203. Thanyaratsrisakul S, Malainual N, Jirapongsananuruk O, Smith WA, Thomas WR, Piboonpocanum S. Secondary structure and function analysis of recombinant Der p 2 expressed from host E. coli and P. pastoris. Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 2010; 151: 190-198.
204. Jin HS, Yong TS, Park JW, Hong CS, Oh SH. Immune reactivity of recombinant group 2 allergens of house dust mite, Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, and Dermatophagoides farinae. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol. 2003; 13: 36-42.
205. Liu Z, Bai Y, Ji K, et al. Detection of Dermatophagoides farinae in the dust of air conditioning filters. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2007; 144: 85-90.
206. Stewart AW, Mitchell EA, Pearce N, Strachan DP, Weiland SK. The relationship of per capita gross national product to the prevalence of symptoms of asthma and other atopic diseases in children (ISAAC). Int J Epidemiol. 2001; 30: 173-9.
207. Lai CK, Beasley R, Crane J, Foliaki S, Shah J, Weiland S. International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood Phase Three Study Group. Global variation in the prevalence and severity of asthma symptoms: phase three of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC). Thorax. 2009; 64: 476-83.
208. Thomas WR. Innovation in immunotherapy. Clin Exp Allergy. 2009; 39: 450-4.