Child passenger safety: An evidence-based review

Journal of Trauma - Injury, Infection and Critical Care

Volumn 69, Issue 6, 2010, Pages 1588-1590

  Barraco, Robert D ^a   Cheng, Julius D ^b   Bromberg, William J ^c   Falcone, Richard A ^d   Hammond, Jeffrey S ^e   Lui, Felix Y ^f   Sandhu, Rovinder S ^a   Scaff, David W ^a  

^a LEHIGH VALLEY HOSPITAL   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF ROCHESTER MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^c MEMORIAL HEALTH UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^d CINCINNATI CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^e UNIVERSITY OF MEDICINE AND DENTISTRY OF NEW JERSEY   (United States)

^f YALE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CHILD RESTRAINT SYSTEM; CHILD SAFETY; CHILDHOOD INJURY; FACE FRACTURE; HEAD INJURY; HUMAN; INJURY SEVERITY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SPINAL CORD INJURY; TRAFFIC ACCIDENT; TRAFFIC SAFETY;

ACCIDENTS, TRAFFIC; ADOLESCENT; CHILD; CHILD RESTRAINT SYSTEMS; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; EVIDENCE-BASED MEDICINE; HUMANS; INFANT; INFANT, NEWBORN; SEAT BELTS; UNITED STATES; WOUNDS AND INJURIES;

EID: 78650834237     PISSN: 00225282     EISSN: 15298809     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/TA.0b013e3181fbc69c     Document Type: Review

References (38)

1. Safe Kids Worldwide. Car seats, booster and seat belt safety fact sheet 2009; 2009. Available at: http://www.safekids.org/our-work/research/ fact-sheets/car-seats-booster-and-belt-safety-fact-sheet.html. Accessed March 15, 2010.
2. Insurance Institute for Highway Safety. Child restraint/belt use laws, 1996-2010. Highway Loss Data Institute. Available at: http://www.iihs. org/laws/restraintoverview.aspx. Accessed March 15, 2010.
3. Insurance Institute for Highway Safety. Insurance Institute for Highway Safety (IIHS) Fatality facts 2004: children; 2004. Available at: http:// images.businessweek.com/autos/pdfs/children.pdf. Accessed March 15, 2010.
4. Insurance Institute for Highway Safety. Fatality facts 2005: children. Highway Loss Data Institute; 2006. Available at: http://www.iihs.org/research/ fatality-facts-2005/children.html. Accessed March 15, 2010.
5. Niemcryk SJ, Kaufmann CR, Brawley M, Yount SI. Motor vehicle crashes, restraint use, and severity of injury in children in Nevada. Am J Prev Med. 1997;13:109-114.
6. Winston FK, Durbin DR, Kallan MJ, Moll EK. The danger of premature graduation to seat belts for young children. Pediatrics. 2000;105:1179-1183.
7. Agran PF, Castillo DN, Winn DG. Comparison of motor vehicle occupant injuries in restrained and unrestrained 4- to 14-year-olds. Accid Anal Prev. 1992;24:349-355.
8. Durbin DR, Chen I, Smith R, Elliott MR, Winston FK. Effects of seating position and appropriate restraint use on the risk of injury to children in motor vehicle crashes. Pediatrics. 2005;115:e305-e309.
9. Berg MD, Cook L, Corneli HM, Vernon DD, Dean JM. Effect of seating position and restraint use on injuries to children in motor vehicle crashes. Pediatrics. 2000;105(4 Pt 1):831-835.
10. Tyroch AH, Kaups KL, Sue LP, O'Donnell-Nicol S. Pediatric restraint use in motor vehicle collisions: reduction of deaths without contribution to injury. Arch Surg. 2000;135:1173-1176.
11. Elliott MR, Kallan MJ, Durbin DR, Winston FK. Effectiveness of child safety seats vs seat belts in reducing risk for death in children in passenger vehicle crashes [erratum appears in Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2006;160:952]. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2006;160:617-621.
12. Nance ML, Lutz N, Arbogast KB, et al. Optimal restraint reduces the risk of abdominal injury in children involved in motor vehicle crashes. Ann Surg. 2004;239:127-131. (Pubitemid 38176382)
13. Arbogast KB, Durbin DR, Kallan MJ, Winston FK. Evaluation of pediatric use patterns and performance of lap shoulder belt systems in the center rear. Annu Proc Assoc Adv Automot Med. 2004;48:57-72.
14. Arbogast KB, Durbin DR, Cornejo RA, Kallan MJ, Winston FK. An evaluation of the effectiveness of forward facing child restraint systems. Accid Anal Prev. 2004;36:585-589.
15. Lapner PC, McKay M, Howard A, Gardner B, German A, Letts M. Children in crashes: mechanisms of injury and restraint systems. Can J Surg. 2001;44:445-449.
16. Arbogast KB, Durbin DR, Kallan MJ, Menon RA, Lincoln AE, Winston FK. The role of restraint and seat position in pediatric facial fractures. J Trauma. 2002;52:693-698.
17. Lutz N, Arbogast KB, Cornejo RA, Winston FK, Durbin DR, Nance ML. Suboptimal restraint affects the pattern of abdominal injuries in children involved in motor vehicle crashes. J Pediatr Surg. 2003;38:919-923.
18. Agran PF, Dunkle DE, Winn DG. Motor vehicle accident trauma and restraint usage patterns in children less than 4 years of age. Pediatrics. 1985;76:382-386.
19. Arbogast KB, Kallan MJ, Durbin DR. Effectiveness of high back and backless belt-positioning booster seats in side impact crashes. Annu Proc Assoc Adv Automot Med. 2005;49:201-213.
20. Durbin DR, Elliott MR, Winston FK. Belt-positioning booster seats and reduction in risk of injury among children in vehicle crashes. JAMA. 2003;289:2835-2840.
21. Zuckerbraun BS, Morrison K, Gaines B, Ford HR, Hackam DJ. Effect of age on cervical spine injuries in children after motor vehicle collisions: effectiveness of restraint devices. J Pediatr Surg. 2004;39:483-486.
22. Chan L, Reilly KM, Telfer J. Odds of critical injuries in unrestrained pediatric victims of motor vehicle collision. Pediatr Emerg Care. 2006; 22:626-629.
23. Glass RJ, Segui-Gomez M, Graham JD. Child passenger safety: decisions about seating location, airbag exposure, and restraint use. Risk Anal. 2000;20:521-527.
24. Smith KM, Cummings P. Passenger seating position and the risk of passenger death in traffic crashes: a matched cohort study. Inj Prev. 2006;12:83-86.
25. Arbogast KB, Ghati Y, Menon RA, Tylko S, Tamborra N, Morgan RM. Field investigation of child restraints in side impact crashes. Traffic Inj Prev. 2005;6:351-360.
26. Braver ER, Whitfield R, Ferguson SA. Seating positions and children's risk of dying in motor vehicle crashes [see comment; Comment in: Inj Prev. 1999;5:77; 1999;5:78]. Inj Prev. 1998;4:181-187.
27. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Update: fatal air bag-related injuries to children-United States, 1993-1996. [erratum appears in MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1997;46:40]. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1996;45:1073-1076.
28. Arbogast KB, Durbin DR, Kallan MJ, Winston FK. Effect of vehicle type on the performance of second generation air bags for child occupants. Annu Proc Assoc Adv Automot Med. 2003;47:85-99.
29. Durbin DR, Kallan M, Elliott M, Cornejo RA, Arbogast KB, Winston FK. Risk of injury to restrained children from passenger air bags. Traffic Inj Prev. 2003;4:58-63.
30. Durbin DR, Kallan M, Elliott M, Arbogast KB, Cornejo RA, Winston FK. Risk of injury to restrained children from passenger airbags. Annu Proc Assoc Adv Automot Med. 2002;46:15-25.
31. Agran PF, Dunkle DE, Winn DG. Effects of legislation on motor vehicle injuries to children. Am J Dis Child. 1987;141:959-964.
32. Apsler R, Formica SW, Rosenthal AF, Robinson K. Increases in booster seat use among children of low income families and variation with age. Inj Prev. 2003;9:322-325.
33. Decker MD, Dewey MJ, Hutcheson RH Jr, Schaffner W. The use and efficacy of child restraint devices. The Tennessee experience, 1982 and 1983. JAMA. 1984;252:2571-2575.
34. Seekins T, Fawcett SB, Cohen SH, Elder JP, Jason LA, Schnelle JF, Winett RA. Experimental evaluation of public policy: the case of state legislation for child passenger safety. J App Behavior Anal. 1988;21:233-243.
35. Stulginskas JV, Pless IB. Effects of a seat belt law on child restraint use. Am J Dis Child. 1983;137:582-585.
36. Williams AF, Wells JK. Evaluation of the Rhode Island child restraint law. Am J Pub Health. 1981;71:742-743.
37. Guerin D, MacKinnon DP. An assessment of the California Child Passenger Restraint Requirement. Am J Pub Health. 1985;75:142-144.
38. Russell J, Kresnow MJ, Brackbill R. The effect of adult belt laws and other factors on restraint usage for children under age 11. Accid Anal Prev. 1994;26 287-295.