Early virologic failure and the development of antiretroviral drug resistance mutations in HIV-infected Ugandan children

Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes

Volumn 56, Issue 1, 2011, Pages 44-50

  Ruel, Theodore D ^a,c   Kamya, Moses R ^b,c   Li, Pelin ^a   Pasutti, William ^a   Charlebois, Edwin D ^a,c   Liegler, Teri ^a,c   Dorsey, Grant ^a,d   Rosenthal, Philip J ^a,d   Havlir, Diane V ^a,d   Wong, Joseph K ^a,d   Achan, Jane ^b,e  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^b MAKERERE UNIVERSITY   (Uganda)

^c Division of Infectious Disease   (United States)

^d Division of HIV/AIDS   (United States)

^e Department of Paediatrics ^*  (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANTIRETROVIRUS AGENT; CD4 ANTIGEN; EFAVIRENZ; LAMIVUDINE; NEVIRAPINE; NONNUCLEOSIDE REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE INHIBITOR; STAVUDINE; THYMIDINE DERIVATIVE; VIRUS RNA; ZIDOVUDINE;

ARTICLE; CHILD; FOLLOW UP; GENOTYPE; HUMAN; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS 1; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTED PATIENT; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; NONHUMAN; PREVALENCE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SCORING SYSTEM; TREATMENT DURATION; UGANDA; VIRUS MUTATION; VIRUS RESISTANCE;

ANTI-HIV AGENTS; CD4 LYMPHOCYTE COUNT; CHILD; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; DRUG RESISTANCE, VIRAL; GENOTYPE; HIV; HIV INFECTIONS; HUMANS; MICROBIAL SENSITIVITY TESTS; MUTATION; POL GENE PRODUCTS, HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS; PREVALENCE; TIME FACTORS; UGANDA; VIRAL LOAD;

EID: 78650714700     PISSN: 15254135     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/QAI.0b013e3181fbcbf7     Document Type: Article

References (51)

1. AIDS Epidemic Update: December 2009. Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) and World Health Organization (WHO); 2009. Accessed at: http://data.unaids.org/pub/Report/2009/ JC1700-Epi-Update-2009-en.pdf.
2. Progress Report 2009. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 2009.
3. Antiretroviral Therapy of HIV Infection in Infants and Children in Resource-Limited Settings: Towards Universal Access. Geneva, Switzerland
4. WHO. Report of the WHO Technical Reference Group. Paper presented at: Paediatric HIV/ART Care Guideline Group Meeting; April 10-11, 2008; WHO Headquarters, Geneva, Switzerland.
5. Antiretroviral Therapy of HIV Infection in Infants and Children: Towards Universal Access: Recommendations for a Public Health Approach-2010 Revision. Geneva, Switzerland World Health Organization 2010.
6. Gody JC, Charpentier C, Mbitikon O, et al. High prevalence of antiretroviral drug resistance mutations in HIV-1 non-B subtype strains from African children receiving antiretroviral therapy regimen according to the 2006 revised WHO recommendations. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2008;49:566-569.
7. Germanaud D, Derache A, Traore M, et al. Level of viral load and antiretroviral resistance after 6 months of non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor first-line treatment in HIV-1-infected children in Mali. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2010;65:118-124.
8. Kamya MR, Gasasira AF, Achan J, et al. Effects of trimethoprim- sulfamethoxazole and insecticide-treated bednets on malaria among HIV-infected Ugandan children. AIDS. 2007;21:2059-2066.
9. Giordano TP, Guzman D, Clark R, et al. Measuring adherence to antiretroviral therapy in a diverse population using a visual analogue scale. HIV Clin Trials. 2004;5:74-79.
10. Strain MC, Letendre S, Pillai SK, et al. Genetic composition of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in cerebrospinal fluid and blood without treatment and during failing antiretroviral therapy. J Virol. 2005;79: 1772-1788.
11. Liu TF, Shafer RW. Web resources for HIV type 1 genotypic-resistance test interpretation. Clin Infect Dis. 2006;42:1608-1618.
12. Rhee SY, Gonzales MJ, Kantor R, et al. Human immunodeficiency virus reverse transcriptase and protease sequence database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2003;31:298-303.
13. Anderson JA, Jiang H, Ding X, et al. Genotypic susceptibility scores and HIV type 1 RNA responses in treatment-experienced subjects with HIV type 1 infection. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 2008;24:685-694.
14. Johnson VA, Brun-Vezinet F, Clotet B, et al. Update of the drug resistance mutations in HIV-1: December 2009. Top H IV M e d. 2009;17: 138-145.
15. Suzuki K, Kaufmann GR, Mukaide M, et al. Novel deletion of HIV type 1 reverse transcriptase residue 69 conferring selective high-level resistance to nevirapine. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 2001;17:1293-1296.
16. Villena C, Prado JG, Puertas MC, et al. Relative fitness and replication capacity of a multinucleoside analogue-resistant clinical human immunodeficiency virus type 1 isolate with a deletion of codon 69 in the reverse transcriptase coding region. J Virol. 2007;81:4713-4721.
17. Reddi A, Leeper SC, Grobler AC, et al. Preliminary outcomes of a paediatric highly active antiretroviral therapy cohort from KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. BMC Pediatr. 2007;7:13.
18. Jittamala P, Puthanakit T, Chaiinseeard S, et al. Predictors of virologic failure and genotypic resistance mutation patterns in thai children receiving non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor-based antiretro-viral therapy. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2009;28:826-830.
19. Wamalwa DC, Farquhar C, Obimbo EM, et al. Early response to highly active antiretroviral therapy in HIV-1-infected Kenyan children. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2007;45:311-317.
20. Chaix ML, Rouet F, Kouakoussui KA, et al. Genotypic human immunodeficiency virus type 1 drug resistance in highly active antiretroviral therapy-treated children in Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2005;24:1072-1076.
21. Vaz P, Chaix ML, Jani I, et al. Risk of extended viral resistance in human immunodeficiency virus-1-infected Mozambican children after first-line treatment failure. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2009;28:e283-e287.
22. Puthanakit T, Jourdain G, Hongsiriwon S, et al. HIV-1 drug resistance mutations in children after failure of first-line nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor-based antiretroviral therapy. HIV Med. 2010;11: 565-572.
23. Gibb DM, Walker AS, Kaye S, et al. Evolution of antiretroviral phenotypic and genotypic drug resistance in antiretroviral-naive HIV-1-infected children treated with abacavir/lamivudine, zidovudine/lamivudine or abacavir/zidovudine, with or without nelfinavir (the PENTA 5 trial). Antivir Ther. 2002;7:293-303.
24. Cozzi-Lepri A, Phillips AN, Martinez-Picado J, et al. Rate of accumulation of thymidine analogue mutations in patients continuing to receive virologically failing regimens containing zidovudine or stavudine: implications for antiretroviral therapy programs in resource-limited settings. J Infect Dis. 2009;200:687-697.
25. Reynolds SJ, Kityo C, Mbamanya F, et al. Evolution of drug resistance after virological failure of a first-line highly active antiretroviral therapy regimen in Uganda. Antivir Ther. 2009;14:293-297.
26. Llibre JM, Santos JR, Puig T, et al. Prevalence of etravirine-associated mutations in clinical samples with resistance to nevirapine and efavirenz. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2008;62:909-913.
27. Andries K, Azijn H, Thielemans T, et al. TMC125, a novel next-generation nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor active against nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor-resistant human immunodeficiency virus type 1. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2004;48:4680-4686.
28. Metzner KJ, Giulieri SG, Knoepfel SA, et al. Minority quasispecies of drug-resistant HIV-1 that lead to early therapy failure in treatment-naive and -adherent patients. Clin Infect Dis. 2009;48:239-247.
29. Nadler JP, Berger DS, Blick G, et al. Efficacy and safety of etravirine (TMC125) in patients with highly resistant HIV-1: primary 24-week analysis. AIDS. 2007;21:F1-F10.
30. Cohen CJ, Berger DS, Blick G, et al. Efficacy and safety of etravirine (TMC125) in treatment-experienced HIV-1-infected patients: 48-week results of a phase IIb trial. AIDS. 28 2009;23:423-426.
31. Vingerhoets J, Tambuyzer L, Azijn H, et al. Resistance profile of etravirine: combined analysis of baseline genotypic and phenotypic data from the randomized, controlled Phase III clinical studies. AIDS. 2010;24: 503-514.
32. Castelnuovo B, John L, Lutwama F, et al. Three-year outcome data of second-line antiretroviral therapy in Ugandan adults: good virological response but high rate of toxicity. J Int Assoc Physicians AIDS Care (Chic Ill). 2009;8:52-59.
33. Badri M, Lawn SD, Wood R. Utility of CD4 cell counts for early prediction of virological failure during antiretroviral therapy in a resource-limited setting. BMC Infect Dis. 2008;8:89.
34. Mee P, Fielding KL, Charalambous S, et al. Evaluation of the WHO criteria for antiretroviral treatment failure among adults in South Africa. AIDS. 2008;22:1971-1977.
35. Messou E, Gabillard D, Moh R, et al. Anthropometric and immunological success of antiretroviral therapy and prediction of virological success in west African adults. Bull World Health Organ. 2008;86:435-442.
36. Van Oosterhout JJ, Brown L, Weigel R, et al. Diagnosis of antiretroviral therapy failure in Malawi: poor performance of clinical and immunolog-ical WHO criteria. Trop Med Int Health. 2009;14:856-861.
37. Moore DM, Awor A, Downing R, et al. CD4+ T-cell count monitoring does not accurately identify HIV-infected adults with virologic failure receiving antiretroviral therapy. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2008;49: 477-484.
38. Hosseinipour MC, Van Oosterhout JJ, Weigel R, et al. The public health approach to identify antiretroviral therapy failure: high-level nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor resistance among Malawians failing first-line antiretroviral therapy. AIDS. 2009;23:1127-1134.
39. Emmett SD, Cunningham CK, Mmbaga BT, et al. Predicting virologic failure among HIV-1-infected children receiving antiretroviral therapy in Tanzania: a cross-sectional study. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2010;54(4):368-375.
40. Goudsmit J, De Ronde A, Ho DD, et al. Human immunodeficiency virus fitness in vivo: calculations based on a single zidovudine resistance mutation at codon 215 of reverse transcriptase. J Virol. 1996;70: 5662-5664.
41. Harrigan PR, Bloor S, Larder BA. Relative replicative fitness of zidovudine-resistant human immunodeficiency virus type 1 isolates in vitro. J Virol. 1998;72:3773-3778.
42. Croteau G, Doyon L, Thibeault D, et al. Impaired fitness of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 variants with high-level resistance to protease inhibitors. J Virol. 1997;71:1089-1096.
43. Campbell TB, Schneider K, Wrin T, et al. Relationship between in vitro human immunodeficiency virus type 1 replication rate and virus load in plasma. J Virol. 2003;77:12105-12112.
44. Deeks SG, Barbour JD, Grant RM, et al. Duration and predictors of CD4 T-cell gains in patients who continue combination therapy despite detectable plasma viremia. AIDS. 2002;16:201-207.
45. Goetz MB, Leduc R, Wyman N, et al. HIV replication capacity is an independent predictor of disease progression in persons with untreated chronic HIV infection. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2010;53:472-479.
46. Deeks SG, Wrin T, Liegler T, et al. Virologic and immunologic consequences of discontinuing combination antiretroviral-drug therapy in HIV-infected patients with detectable viremia. N Engl J Med. 2001;344: 472-480.
47. Kuritzkes DR, Quinn JB, Benoit SL, et al. Drug resistance and virologic response in NUCA 3001, a randomized trial of lamivudine (3TC) versus zidovudine (ZDV) versus ZDV plus 3TC in previously untreated patients. AIDS. 1996;10:975-981.
48. Goldschmidt V, Marquet R. Primer unblocking by HIV-1 reverse transcriptase and resistance to nucleoside RT inhibitors (NRTIs). Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2004;36:1687-1705.
49. Farley J, Hines S, Musk A, et al. Assessment of adherence to antiviral therapy in HIV-infected children using the Medication Event Monitoring System, pharmacy refill, provider assessment, caregiver self-report, and appointment keeping. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2003;33:211-218.
50. Shearer WT, Rosenblatt HM, Gelman RS, et al. Lymphocyte subsets in healthy children from birth through 18 years of age: the pediatric AIDS clinical trials group P1009 study. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2003;112: 973-980.
51. Bangsberg DR, Charlebois ED, Grant RM, et al. High levels of adherence do not prevent accumulation of HIV drug resistance mutations. AIDS. 2003;17:1925-1932.