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CAPS did not detect pickup ions during the 2010 flyby because Cassini's path north of Rhea did not intersect the allowable ion trajectories Figs. 1 and 2
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CAPS did not detect pickup ions during the 2010 flyby because Cassini's path north of Rhea did not intersect the allowable ion trajectories (Figs. 1 and 2).
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5
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78650678667
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e
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+ (Fig. 2), yield bulk plasma speeds |E|/|B| = 68 and 58 km/s, respectively, both of which are compatible with published estimates [(31) and supplemental reference 44 (S44)].
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6
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78650676864
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Assuming a 49-km/s bulk plasma speed with respect to Rhea 18, 31, pickup ions reaching Cassini's 2007 position are approximately 2 min old, compared with ages of 10 ±5 s in 2005
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Assuming a 49-km/s bulk plasma speed with respect to Rhea (18, 31), pickup ions reaching Cassini's 2007 position are approximately 2 min old, compared with ages of 10 (±5) s in 2005.
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Materials, methods, and further discussion are available as supporting material on Science Online.
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78650678933
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Considering the day/night hemisphere orientation at the times of the 2 March 2010 and 26 November 2005 flybys, we reconstructed a temperature map based on Cassini Composite Infrared Spectrometer CIRS measurements S16 showing 100/40 K max/min day/night temperatures, respectively. Because the CIRS coverage did not include the poles, we assume a constant 35/75 K 26 Nov. 2005, Saturn winter and 35/35 K 2 March 2010, near Saturn equinox beyond 75° north/south latitude
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Considering the day/night hemisphere orientation at the times of the 2 March 2010 and 26 November 2005 flybys, we reconstructed a temperature map based on Cassini Composite Infrared Spectrometer (CIRS) measurements (S16) showing 100/40 K max/min day/night temperatures, respectively. Because the CIRS coverage did not include the poles, we assume a constant 35/75 K (26 Nov. 2005, Saturn winter) and 35/35 K (2 March 2010, near Saturn equinox) beyond 75° north/south latitude.
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26
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78650678232
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2 adsorption e.g., into the porous surface regolith S46 would lower the overlying atmospheric density Fig. 1; hence, the night-side and polar values are upper limits
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2 adsorption [e.g., into the porous surface regolith (S46)] would lower the overlying atmospheric density (Fig. 1); hence, the night-side and polar values are upper limits.
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27
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78650678646
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-4 mbar at 100 K
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-4 mbar at 100 K.
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70350490017
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10.1126/science.1179788
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78650677224
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40449109175
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G. H. Jones et al., Science 319, 1380 (2008).
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78650679207
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2 were sampled every 2.3 and 6.9 s, respectively
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2 were sampled every 2.3 and 6.9 s, respectively.
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33
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78650677665
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We assumed ions entering the center of the field of view, which is 20°
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We assumed ions entering the center of the field of view, which is 20°.
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35
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78650680269
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2 electronstimulated desorption measurements in fig. S9. The INMS and CAPS teams acknowledge support from NASA and the Jet Propulsion Laboratory under SwRI subcontracts 1283095 and 1356497, respectively. G. H. J. and A. J. C. acknowledge support for CAPS-ELS operations and analysis by the United Kingdom Space Agency, and G. H. J. was supported by a UK Science and Technology Facilities Council Advanced Fellowship. B. D. T. and R. A. B. acknowledge support by the NSF Astronomy and Astrophysics Program through grant AST0807830
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2 electronstimulated desorption measurements in fig. S9. The INMS and CAPS teams acknowledge support from NASA and the Jet Propulsion Laboratory under SwRI subcontracts 1283095 and 1356497, respectively. G. H. J. and A. J. C. acknowledge support for CAPS-ELS operations and analysis by the United Kingdom Space Agency, and G. H. J. was supported by a UK Science and Technology Facilities Council Advanced Fellowship. B. D. T. and R. A. B. acknowledge support by the NSF Astronomy and Astrophysics Program through grant AST0807830.
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