Detection of ozone on ganymede

Science

Volumn 273, Issue 5273, 1996, Pages 341-343

  Noll, Keith S ^a   Johnson, Robert E ^b   Lane, Arthur L ^c   Domingue, Deborah L ^d   Weaver, Harold A ^e  

^a STScI   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA   (United States)

^c CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY   (United States)

^d LUNAR AND PLANETARY INSTITUTE   (United States)

^e JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

OZONE;

ABSORPTION; ARTICLE; ATMOSPHERE; PHOTOCHEMISTRY; PHOTOLYSIS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SPACE FLIGHT;

EID: 0029891797     PISSN: 00368075     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1126/science.273.5273.341     Document Type: Article

References (29)

1. J. R. Spencer, W. M. Calvin, M. J. Person, J. Geophys. Res. 100, 19049 (1995).
2. W. H. Calvin, R. E. Johnson, J. R. Spencer, Geophys. Res. Lett. 23, 673 (1996).
3. R. M. Nelson et al., Icarus 72, 358 (1987).
4. A. L. Lane, R. M. Nelson, D. L. Matson, Nature 292, 38 (1981).
5. 2, as is suggested by Sack et al.
6. K. S. Noll, H. A. Weaver, A. M. Gonnella, J. Geophys. Res. 100, 19057 (1995).
7. On both dates we observed through the G270H grating (λ = 220 to 330 nm) and the G190H grating (λ = 155 to 230 nm) for a total of 130 and 1080 s, respectively. All observations were made through the 0.86-arc sec-diameter circular aperture while the telescope tracked Ganymede. We used the blue digicon detector assay (FOS/BL); scattering within the grating dominated the detected signal at wavelengths below 210 nm. Ganymede was located with the Goddard High Resolution Spectrograph, after which we slewed to the FOS to make the observations. The expected precision of the final pointing is 0.1 arc sec. When we located Ganymede's trailing hemisphere, the final fine x-null balance was not completed, possibly because of bright, off-center albedo features. However, the ratio of trailing to leading hemisphere flux agrees with that found by IUE (3), indicating that the 0.86-arc sec aperture was filled by the 1.62-arc sec-diameter disk of Ganymede. We corrected the pipeline calibrated fluxes provided by the Space Telescope Science Institute to account for the fact that the angular size of Ganymede was larger than the aperture.
8. G. J. Rottman, private communication.
9. H. Taube, Trans, Faraday Soc. 53, 656 (1956).
10. V. Vaida, D. J. Donaldson, S. J. Strickler, S. L. Stephens, J. W. Birks, J. Phys. Chem. 93, 506 (1989).
11. D. G. Schleicher and M. F. A'Hearn, Astrophys. J. 331, 1058 (1988).
12. A. J. Matich, M. G. Bakker, D. Lennon, T. I. Quickenden, C. G. Freeman, J. Phys. Chem. 97, 10539 (1993).
13. A. J. Sedlacek and C. A. Wight, ibid. 93, 509 (1989).
14. A. L. Lane, D. L. Domingue, S. K. Price, M. Lankton, Bull. Am. Astron. Soc. 26, 1159 (1994).
15. N. J. Sack, J. W. Boring, R. E. Johnson, R. A. Baragiola, M. Shi, J. Geophys. Res. 96, 17535 (1991).
16. 2] ratio is uncertain by at least an order of magnitude, so additional refinements are unwarranted at this point.
17. 3 system is located in high-density pockets within the surface ice. Thus, a full analysis of the chemistry will have to include reactions that take place on solid surfaces.
18. 2].
19. R. E. Johnson, Energetic Charged Particle Interactions with Atmospheres and Surfaces (Springer, Berlin, 1990).
20. D. T. Hall, D. F. Strobel, P. D. Feldman, M. A. McGrath, H. A. Weaver, Nature 373, 677 (1995).
21. F. Bagenal, D. E. Shemansky, R. L. McNutt Jr., R. Schreier, A. Eviatar, Geophys. Res. Lett. 19, 79 (1992).
22. D. C. Hamilton, G. Gloeckler, S. M. Krimigis, L. J. Lanzerotti, J. Geophys. Res. 86, 8301 (1981).
23. T. L. Roush, D. P. Cruikshank, T. C. Owen, in Volatiles in the Earth and Solar System, K. A. Farley, Ed. (American Institute of Physics, Washington, DC, 1995), pp. 143-153; R. N. Clark, R. H. Brown, P. D. Owensby, A. Steele, Icarus 58, 265 (1984).
24. T. L. Roush, D. P. Cruikshank, T. C. Owen, in Volatiles in the Earth and Solar System, K. A. Farley, Ed. (American Institute of Physics, Washington, DC, 1995), pp. 143-153; R. N. Clark, R. H. Brown, P. D. Owensby, A. Steele, Icarus 58, 265 (1984).
25. B. J. Buratti, J. A. Mosher, T. V. Johnson, Icarus 87, 339 (1990).
26. 3 is not, in itself, evidence of life.
27. 3 is not, in itself, evidence of life.
28. 3 is not, in itself, evidence of life.
29. We thank W. Calvin and J. Joiner for several enlightening discussions. These observations were supported by grant GO-5837 from the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy under NASA contract NAS5-26555.