The virgin HIV puzzle: Can misreporting account for the high proportion of HIV cases in self-reported virgins?

Journal of African Economies

Volumn 20, Issue 1, 2011, Pages 60-89

  Deuchert, Eva ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ST GALLEN   (Switzerland)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT SEXUALITY; DISEASE CONTROL; DISEASE PREVALENCE; HEALTH STATUS; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS;

LESOTHO; SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA; SWAZILAND;

EID: 78650658469     PISSN: 09638024     EISSN: 14643723     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/jae/ejq032     Document Type: Article

References (59)

1. Aquilino, W. S., D. L. Wright and A. J. Supple (2000) 'Response Effects Due to Bystander Presence in CASI and Paper-and-pencil Surveys of Drug Use and Alcohol Use', Substance Use and Misuse, 35(6-8): 845-67.
2. Awusabo-Asare, K. and S. K. Annim (2008) 'Wealth Status and Risky Sexual Behaviour in Ghana and Kenya', Applied Health Economics and Health Policy, 6(1): 27-39.
3. Barnow, B. S., G. G. Cain and A. S. Goldberger (1980) 'Issues in the analysis of selectivity bias', in vonE. Svon Stromsdorfer and G. Farkas (eds), Evaluation Studies. San Francisco: Sage.
4. Battistin, E. and S. Sianesi (2006) 'Misclassified Treatment Status and Treatment Effects: An Application to Returns to Education in the UK', Review of Economics and Statistics, Forthcoming. Previous version circulated as Working Paper CWP07/06 (April 2006), Cemmap, London.
5. Beckerleg, S., M. Telfer and G. L. Hundt (2005) 'The Rise of Injecting Drug Use in East Africa: A Case Study from Kenya', Harm Reduction Journal, 2: 12.
6. Bene, C. and Sonja Merten (2008) 'Women and Fish-for-Sex: Transactional Sex, HIV/AIDS and Gender in African Fisheries',World Development, 36(5): 875-99.
7. Bongaarts, J., T. Buettner, G. Heilig and F. Pelletier (2008) 'Has the HIV Epidemic Peaked?', Population and Development Review, 34(2): 199-224.
8. Brewer, D. D., J. J. Potterat, S. Q. Muth and S. Brody (2007) 'Converging Evidence Suggests Nonsexual HIV Transmission among Adolescents in Sub-Saharan Africa', Journal of Adolescent Health, 40(3): 290-1.
9. Buvé, A., E. Lagarde, M. Caraël, N. Rutenberg, B. Ferry, J. R. Glynn, M. Laourou, E. Akam, J. Chege and T. Sukwa; Study Group on Heterogeneity of HIV Epidemics in African Cities (2001) 'Interpreting Sexual Behaviour Data: Validity Issues in the Multicentre Study on Factors Determining the Differential Spread of HIV in Four African Cities', AIDS, Suppl 4: S117-26.
10. Catania, J. A., D. Binson, M. M. Dolcini, R. Stall, K. H. Choi, L. M. Pollack, E. S. Hudes, J. Canchola, K. Phillips and J. T. Moskowitz (1995) 'Risk Factors for HIV and Other Sexually Transmitted Diseases and Prevention Practices among US Heterosexual Adults: Changes from 1990 to 1992', American Journal of Public Health, 85(11): 1492-9.
11. Chen, L., P. Jha, B. Stirling, S. K. Sgaier, T. Daid, R. Kaul and N. Nagelkerke; International Studies of HIV/AIDS (ISHA) Investigators (2007) 'Sexual Risk Factors for HIV Infection in Early and Advanced HIV Epidemics in Sub-Saharan Africa: Systematic Overview of 68 Epidemiological Studies', PLoS ONE, 2(10): e1001.
12. Clark, S., J. Bruce and A. Dude (2006) 'Protecting YoungWomen from HIV/AIDS: The Case against Child and Adolescent Marriage', International Family Planning Perspectives, 32(2): 79-88.
13. Cowan, F. M., L. F. Langhaug, G. P. Mashungupa, T. Nyamurera, J. Hargrove, S. Jaffar, R. W. Peeling, D. W. Brown, R. Power, A. M. Johnson, J. M. Stephenson, M. T. Bassett and R. J. Hayes; Regai Dzive Shiri Project (2002) 'School based HIV Prevention in Zimbabwe: Feasibility and Acceptability of Evaluation Trials Using Biological Outcomes', AIDS, 16(12): 1673-8.
14. de Boer, M. A., D. D. Celentano, S. Tovanabutra, S. Rugpao, K. E. Nelson and V. Suriyanon (1998) 'Reliability of Self-reported Sexual Behavior in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Concordant and Discordant Heterosexual Couples in Northern Thailand', American Journal of Epidemiology, 147(12): 1153-61.
15. de Oliveira, T., O. G. Pybus, A. Rambaut, M. Salemi, S. Cassol, M. Ciccozzi, G. Rezza, G. C. Gattinara, R. D'Arrigo, M. Amicosante, L. Perrin, V. Colizzi and C. F. Perno; Benghazi Study Group (2006) 'Molecular epidemiology: HIV-1 and HCV sequences from Libyan outbreak, Nature, 444(7121): 836-7.
16. de Walque, D. (2007) 'Sero-discordant Couples in Five African Countries: Implications for Prevention Strategies', Population and Development Review, 33(3): 501-23.
17. Eide, G.E. and I. Heuch (2001) 'Attributable fractions: fundamental concepts and their visualization', Statistical Methods in Medical Research, 10(3): 159-93.
18. Ezzati, M., S. V. Hoorn, A. D. Lopez, G. Danaei, A. Rodgers, C. D. Mathers and C. J. L. Murray (2006) 'Comparative quantification of mortality and burden of disease attributable to selected risk factors', in A. D. Lopez, C. D. Mathers, M. Ezzati, D. T. Jamison and C. J. Murray (eds), Global Burden of Disease and Risk Factors. New York: Oxford University Press, pp. 241-68.
19. Gavin, L., C. Galavotti, H. Dube, A. D. McNaghten, M. Murwirwa, R. Khan and M. St Louis (2006) 'Factors associated with HIV infection in adolescent females in Zimbabwe', Journal of Adolescent Health, 39(4): 596.e11-8.
20. Gersovitz, M. (2005) 'The HIV Epidemic in Four African Countries Seen through the Demographic and Health Surveys', Journal of African Economies, 14(2): 191-246.
21. Gisselquist, D., R. Rothenberg, J. Potterat and E. Drucker (2002) 'HIV Infections in Sub-Saharan Africa not Explained by Sexual or Vertical Transmission', International Journal of STD and AIDS, 13: 657-66.
22. Glick, P. and D. E. Sahn (2008) 'Africans Practicing Safer Sex? Evidence from Demographic and Health Surveys for Eight Countries', Economic Development and Cultural Change, 56: 397-439.
23. GSS. (2003) Ghana Service Assessment Survey 2002. Final Report, Calverton, MD: Ghana Statistical Service, and ORC Macro.
24. Hjortsberg, C. (2003) 'Why Do the Sick not Utilise Health Care? The Case of Zambia', Health Economics, 12(9): 755-70.
25. Hu, Y. (2008) Identification and estimation of nonlinear models with misclassification error using instrumental variables: A general solution. Journal of Econometrics, 144: 27-61.
26. Hutin, Y.J., A.M. Hauri and G.L. Armstrong (2003) 'Use of Injections in Healthcare Settings Worldwide, 2000: Literature Review and Regional Estimates', BMJ, 327(7423): 1075.
27. Johnson, E. O., C. G. Schütz, J. C. Anthony and M. E. Ensminger (1995) 'Inhalants to Heroin: a Prospective Analysis from Adolescence to Adulthood', Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 40(2): 159-64.
28. Kloos, H. and D. H. Mariam (2007) 'Some Neglected and Emerging Factors in HIV Transmission in Ethiopia', Ethiopian Medical Journal, 45(1): 103-7.
29. Lewbel, A. (2007) Estimation of average treatment effects with misclassification, Econometrica, 75(2): 537-51.
30. Luke, N. (2006) 'Exchange and Condom Use in Informal Sexual Relationships in Urban Kenya', Economic Development and Cultural Change, 54(2): 319-48.
31. Mahajan, A. (2006) 'Identification and Estimation of Regression Models with Misclassification', Econometrica, 74(3): 631-65.
32. Marston, M., B. Zaba, J. A. Salomon, H. Brahmbhatt and D. Bagenda (2005) 'Estimating the Net Effect of HIV on Child Mortality in African Populations Affected by Generalized HIV Epidemics', Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 38(2): 219-27.
33. McCurdy, S. A., M. W. Ross, G. P. Kilonzo, M. T. Leshabari and M. L. Williams (2006) 'HIV/AIDS and Injection Drug Use in the Neighborhoods of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania', Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 82(Suppl 1): S23-7.
34. McCurdy, S., G. P. Kilonzo, M. Williams and S. Kaaya (2007) 'Harm Reduction in Tanzania: an Urgent Need for Multisectoral Intervention', The International Journal on Drug Policy, 18(3): 155-9.
35. Mensch, B. S., M. J. Grant and A. K. Blanc (2006) 'The Changing Context of Sexual Initiation in Sub-Saharan Africa', Population and Development Review, 32(4): 699-727.
36. Mensch, B. S., P. C. Hewett, R. Gregory and S. Helleringer (2008) Sexual Behavior and STI/HIV Status Among Adolescents in Rural Malawi: An Evaluation of the Effect of Interview Mode on Reporting. Poverty, Gender, and Youth Working Paper No. 8, New York: Population Council.
37. Mishra, V., M. Vaessen, J. T. Boerma, F. Arnold, A. Way, B. Barrere, A. Cross, R. Hong and J. Sangha (2006) 'HIV Testing in National Population-based Surveys: Experience from the Demographic and Health Surveys', Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 84(7): 537-45.
38. MoHR. (2003) Rwanda Service Assessment Survey 2004. Final Report, Calverton, MD: National Population Office, and ORC Macro.
39. Oster, E. (2005) 'Sexually Transmitted Infections, Sexual Behavior, and the HIV/AIDS Epidemic', Quarterly Journal of Economics, 120(2): 467-515.
40. Pantaleo, G., C. Grazios and A. S. Fauci (1993) 'New Concepts in the Immunopathogenesis of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection', New England Journal of Medicine, 13: 327-35.
41. Poulton, R., A. Caspi, B. J. Milne, W. M. Thomson, A. Taylor, M. R. Sears and T. E. Moffitt (2002) 'Association Between Children's Experience of Socioeconomic Disadvantage and Adult Health: A Life-course Study', The Lancet, 360(9346): 1640-5.
42. Reinherz, H. Z., R. M. Giaconia, A. M. Hauf, M. S. Wasserman and A. D. Paradis (2000) 'General and Specific Childhood Risk Factors for Depression and Drug Disorders by Early Adulthood', Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 39(2): 223-31.
43. Rockhill, B., B. Newman and C. Weinberg (1998) 'Use and Misuse of Population Attributable Fractions', American Journal of Public Health, 88(1): 15-9.
44. Rodgers, J. L., J. O. Billy and J. R. Udry (1982) 'The Rescission of Behaviors: Inconsistent Responses in Adolescent Sexuality Data', Social Science Research, 11(3): 280-96.
45. Rosenbaum, P. and D. Rubin (1983) 'The Central Role of the Propensity Score in Observational Studies for Causal Effects', Biometrika, 70(1): 41-55.
46. Rothenberg, R. B., M. Scarlet, C. del Rio, D. Reznik and C. O'Daniels (1998) 'Oral Transmission of HIV', AIDS, 12: 2095-2105.
47. Rutstein, S. O. and J. Johnson (2004) The DHS Wealth Index. DHS Comparative Reports No. 6, Calverton, MD: ORC Macro.
48. Sahn, D., S. Younger and G. Genicot (2003) 'The Demand for Health Care Services in Rural Tanzania', Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 65(2): 241-60.
49. Sanders, S. A. and J. M. Reinisch (1999) 'Would You Say You 'Had Sex' If...?' Journal of the American Medical Association, 281(3): 275-7.
50. Schmid, G. P., A. Buvé, P. Mugyenyi, G. P. Garnett, R. J. Hayes, B. G. Williams, J. G. Calleja, K. M. De Cock, J. A. Whitworth, S. H. Kapiga, P. D. Ghys, C. Hankins, B. Zaba, R. Heimer and J. T. Boerma (2004) 'Transmission of HIV-1 Infection in Sub-Saharan Africa and Effect of Elimination of Unsafe Injections', The Lancet, 363(9407): 482-8.
51. Schneider, W. H. and E. Drucker (2006) 'Blood Transfusions in the Early Years of AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa', American Journal of Public Health, 96(6): 984-94.
52. Smith, D. J. (2004) 'Premarital Sex, Procreation, and HIV Risk in Nigeria', Studies in Family Planning, 35(4): 223-35.
53. Smith, T. W. (1992) 'Discrepancies Between Men and Women in Reporting Number of Sexual Partners: a Summary from Four Countries', Social Biology, 39(3-4): 203-11.
54. Stronski, S. M., M. Ireland, P. Michaud, F. Narring and M. D. Resnick (2000) 'Protective Correlates of Stages in Adolescent Substance Use: A Swiss National Study', The Journal of Adolescent Health, 26(6): 420-7.
55. UNAIDS. (2007) UNAIDS Practical Guidelines for Intensifying HIV Prevention Towards Universal Access. UNAIDS/07.07E /JC1274E, Geneva: Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS.
56. WHO. (2002a) Blood Safety-Strategy for the African Region. ADR/RC51/9 Rev1, Brazzaville: Regional Office for Africa, World Health Organization.
57. WHO. (2002b) Quality of Care; Patient Safety. World Health Assembly Resolution WHA55.18, Geneva: World Health Organization.
58. Wilson, S., N. Brown, C. Mejia and P. Lavori (2002) 'Effects of Interviewer Characteristics on Reported Sexual Behavior of California Latino Couples', Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences, 24(1): 38-62.
59. Zaba, B., E. Pisani, E. Slaymaker and J. T. Boerma (2004) 'Age at First Sex: Understanding Recent Trends in African Demographic Surveys', Sexually Transmitted Infections, 80(suppl 2): ii28-35.