Paleozoic tectonics of the southern Chinese Tianshan: Insights from structural, chronological and geochemical studies of the Heiyingshan ophiolitic mélange (NW China)

Tectonophysics

Volumn 497, Issue 1-4, 2011, Pages 85-104

  Wang, Bo ^a,b,c   Shu, Liangshu ^a   Faure, Michel ^c   Jahn, Bor ming ^b,e   Cluzel, Dominique ^c,d   Charvet, Jacques ^c   Chung, Sun lin ^e   Meffre, Sébastien ^f  

^a NANJING UNIVERSITY   (China)

^b INSTITUTE OF EARTH SCIENCES   (Taiwan)

^c UNIVERSITÉ D'ORLÉANS   (France)

^d UNIVERSITÉ DE LA NOUVELLE CALÉDONIE   (New Caledonia)

^e NATIONAL TAIWAN UNIVERSITY   (Taiwan)

^f UNIVERSITY OF TASMANIA   (Australia)

Author keywords

Central Asian Orogenic Belt; Geochemistry; Geochronology; Ophiolitic m lange; Paleozoic tectonics; Tianshan Belt

Indexed keywords

ALKALI BASALT; BACK-ARC; BACK-ARC BASIN; CENTRAL ASIAN OROGENIC BELT; COMPREHENSIVE STUDIES; CONTINENTAL CRUSTS; EARLY PALEOZOIC; LA-ICP-MS; LATE DEVONIAN; MATRIX; MICROFOSSILS; MIDDLE DEVONIAN; NW CHINA; PALEOZOIC; PERMIAN; PHYLLITE; PROTOLITHS; SOUTH-DIPPING SUBDUCTION; TECTONIC EVENTS; THOLEIITIC BASALTS; TIANSHAN;

ANALYTICAL GEOCHEMISTRY; BASALT; LEAD; METAMORPHIC ROCKS; MICA; STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS; STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY; TECTONICS;

GEOCHRONOLOGY;

BACKARC BASIN; DEVONIAN; GEOCHEMISTRY; GEOCHRONOLOGY; MELANGE; MID-OCEAN RIDGE BASALT; OCEAN ISLAND BASALT; OPHIOLITE; OROGENIC BELT; PALEOZOIC; PERMIAN; SERPUKHOVIAN; STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY; TECTONIC EVOLUTION; TECTONIC SETTING; UNCONFORMITY;

TIEN SHAN;

EID: 78650511313     PISSN: 00401951     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.tecto.2010.11.004     Document Type: Article

References (134)

1. Ai Y.L., Zhang L.F., Li X.P., Qu J.F. Geochemical characteristics and tectonic implications of HP-UHP eclogites and blueschists in southwestern Tianshan, China. Progress in Natural Science 2006, 16(6):624-632.
2. Allen M.B., Windley B.F., Zhang C. Paleozoic collisional tectonics and magmatism of the Chinese Tien Shan, Central Asia. Tectonophysics 1993, 220:89-115.
3. Allen M.B., Vincent S.J., Wheeler P.J. Late Cenozoic tectonics of the Kepingtage thrust zone: interactions of the Tien Shan and Tarim basin, northwest China. Tectonics 1999, 1(4):639-654.
4. Biske Y.S. Paleozoic Structure and History of Southern Tian-Shan 1996, Leningrad University, Leningrad, 187 pp. (In Russian).
5. Biske Y.S., Seltmann R. Paleozoic Tian-Shan as a transitional region between the Rheic and Urals-Turkestan oceans. Gondwana Research 2010, 17:602-613.
6. Bodinier J.L., Godard M. Orogenic, ophiolitic, and abyssal peridotites. The Mantle and Core, Treatise on Geochemistry 2004, 103-170. Elsevier-Pergamon 2, Oxford. R.W. Carlson (Ed.).
7. Burtman B.S. The Tien Shan Early Paleozoic tectonics and geodynamics. Russian Journal of Earth Sciences 2006, 8. 10.2205/2006ES000202.
8. 39Ar dating of the ophiolite melange in the southern Tien Shan and the mylonite in the southern rim of central Tien Shan and their tectonic significance. Scientia Geologica Sinica 1996, 31(4):384-390. (in Chinese with English abstract).
9. Carroll A.R., Graham S.A., Hendrix M.S., Ying D., Zhou D. Late Paleozoic tectonic amalgamation of northwestern China: sedimentary record of the north Tarim, northwestern Turpan and southern Junggar basins. Geological Society of America Bulletin 1995, 107:571-594.
10. Carroll A.R., Graham S.A., Chang E., McKnight C.L. Sinian through Permian tectonostratigraphic evolution of the northwestern Tarim basin, China. Geological Society of America Memoir 2001, 194:47-69. M.S. Hendrix, G. Davis (Eds.).
11. Charvet J., Shu L.S., Laurent-Charvet S. Palaeozoic structural and geodynamic evolution of eastern Tianshan (NW China): welding of the Tarim and Junggar plates. Episodes 2007, 30(3):162-186.
12. 39Ar dating technique. Geological Review 2002, 48:127-134. (in Chinese with English abstract).
13. Chen C.M., Lu H.F., Jia D., Cai D.S., Wu S.M. Closing history of the southern Tianshan oceanic basin, western China: an oblique collisional orogeny. Tectonophysics 1999, 302:23-40.
14. Coleman R.G. Continental growth of northwest China. Tectonics 1989, 8(3):621-635.
15. Couture R.A., Smith M.S., Dymek R.F. X-ray fluorescence analysis of silicate rocks using fused glass discs and a side-window Rh source tube: accuracy, precision and reproducibility. Chemical Geology 1993, 110:315-328.
16. Dobretsov N.L., Coleman R.G., Liou J.G., Maruyama S. Blueschist belt in Asia and possible periodicity of blueschist facies metamorphism. Ofioliti 1987, 12:445-456.
17. Dong Y.P., Zhou D.W., Zhang G.W., Zhang C.L., Xia L.Q., Xu X.Y., Li X.M. Tectonic setting of the Wuwamen ophiolite at the southern margin of Middle Tianshan Belt. Acta Petrologica Sinica 2005, 21(1):37-44. (in Chinese with English abstract).
18. Dong Y.P., Zhou D.W., Zhang G.W., Zhao X., Luo J.H., Xu J.G. Geology and geochemistry of the Gangou ophiolitic mélange at the northern margin of the Middle Tianshan Belt. Acta Petrologica Sinica 2006, 22(1):49-56. (in Chinese with English abstract).
19. Gao J., Klemd R. Formation of HP-LT rocks and their tectonic implications in the western Tianshan Orogen, NW China: geochemical and age constraints. Lithos 2003, 66:1-22.
20. Gao J., Xiao X.C., Tang Y.Q., Zhao M., Wang J., Wu H.Q. The discovery of blueschist in Kumux of the southern Tien Shan and its tectonic significance. Regional Geology of China 1993, 4:344-347. (in Chinese with English abstract).
21. Gao J., He G.Q., Li M.S., Xiao X.C., Tang Y.Q. The mineralogy, petrology, metamorphic PTDt trajectory and exhumation mechanism of blueschists, south Tianshan, northwestern China. Tectonophysics 1995, 250:151-168.
22. Gao J., Tang Y.Q., Zhao M., Wang J. The formation environment of ophiolites in Haerk Mountains, Xinjiang. Earth Sciences 1995, 20(6):682-688. (in Chinese with English abstract).
23. Gao J., Li M.S., Xiao X.C., Tang Y.Q., He G.Q. Paleozoic tectonic evolution of the Tianshan Orogen, northern China. Tectonophysics 1998, 287:213-231.
24. Gao J., Klemd R., Zhang L.F., Wang Z., Xiao X.C. P-T path of high pressure-low temperature rocks and tectonic implications in the western Tianshan Mountains (NW China). Journal of Metamorphic Geology 1999, 17:621-636.
25. 39Ar age record of formation and uplift of the blueschists and eclogites in the western Tianshan Mountains. Chinese Science Bulletin 2000, 45:1047-1051.
26. Gao J.F., Lu J.J., Lai M.Y., Lin Y.P., Pu W. Analysis of trace elements in rock samples using HR-ICPMS. Journal of Nanjing University (Natural Sciences) 2003, 39(6):844-850. (in Chinese with English abstract).
27. Gao J., Long L.L., Qian Q., Huang D.Z., Su W., Klemd R. South Tianshan: a Late Paleozoic or a Triassic orogen?. Acta Petrologica Sinica 2006, 22(5):1049-1061. (in Chinese with English abstract).
28. Gao J., Long L.L., Klemd R., Qian Q., Liu D.Y., Xiong X.M., Su W., Liu W., Wang Y.T., Yang F.Q. Tectonic evolution of the South Tianshan orogen and adjacent regions, NW China: geochemical and age constraints of granitoid rocks. International Journal of Earth Sciences 2009, 98:1221-1238.
29. Gong F.H., Li Y.J., Wang Q.H., Hu S.L., Huang Z.B., Luo J.C. New Ar-Ar geochronologic data of Paleozoic volcanic rocks in the western segment of Chinese Southern Tianshan. Geological Journal of China Universities 2003, 9(3):494-498. (in Chinese with English abstract).
30. Han B.F., He G.Q., Wu T.R., Li H.M. Zircon U-Pb dating and geochemical features of Early Paleozoic granites from Tianshan, Xinjiang: implications for tectonic evolution. Xinjiang Geology 2004, 22(1):4-11. (in Chinese with English abstract).
31. Hawkins J.W. Geology of supra-subduction zones-implications for the origin of ophiolites. Geological Society of America Special Paper 2003, 373:227-268. Y. Dilek, S. Newcomb (Eds.).
32. Hendrix M.S., Dumitru T.A., Graham S.A. Late Oligocene-Early Miocene unroofing in the Chinese Tian Shan: an early effect of the India-Asia collision. Geology 1994, 22:487-490.
33. Hopson C., Wen J., Tilton G., Tang Y., Zhu B., Zhao M. Paleozoic plutonism in East Junggar, Bogdashan, and eastern Tianshan, NW China. EOS (Transactions, American Geophysical Union) 1989, 70:1403-1404.
34. Hu A.Q., Jahn B.M., Zhang G.X., Zhang Q.F. Crustal evolution and Phanerozoic crustal growth in Northern Xinjiang: Nd-Sr isotopic evidence. Part I: isotopic characterization of basement rocks. Tectonophysics 2000, 328:15-51.
35. Hu A.Q., Zhang G.X., Chen Y.B. Isotope Geochronology and Geochemistry for Major Geological Events of Continental Crustal Evolution of Xinjiang, China 2006, Geological Publishing House, Beijing, (in Chinese with English abstract).
36. Jahn B.M. The Central Asia Orogenic Belt and growth of the continental crust in the Phanerozoic. Geological Society of London Special Publication 2004, 226:73-100. J. Malpas, C.J.N. Fletcher, J.R. Ali, J.C. Aitchison (Eds.).
37. Jahn B.M., Bernard-Griffiths J., Charlot R., Cornichet J., Vidal F. Nd and Sr isotopic compositions and REE abundances of Cretaceous MORB (Holes 417D and 418A, Legs 51, 52 and 53). Earth and Planetary Science Letters 1980, 48:171-184.
38. Jahn B.M., Griffin W.L., Windley B.F. Continental growth in the Phanerozoic: evidence from Central Asia. Tectonophysics 2000, 328:1-227.
39. Jahn B.M., Litvinovsky B., Zanvilevich A.N., Reichow M. Peralkaline granitoid magmatism in the Mongolian-Transbaikalian Belt: evolution, petrogenesis and tectonic significance. Lithos 2009, 113:521-539.
40. Jiang C.Y., Li L.C. Petrology and geochemistry of layered cumulation rocks in Yushugou, Xinjiang. Minerals and Rocks 1990, 10(2):31-36. (in Chinese with English abstract).
41. Jiang C.Y., Mu Y.M., Zhao X.N., Zhang H.B. The geological features and tectonic significance of a mafic-ultramafic complex belt at the northern margin of the southern Tien Shan fold belt, China. Journal of Xi'an Engineering University 2000, 22(2):1-6. (in Chinese with English abstract).
42. Jiang C.Y., Mu Y.M., Zhao X.N., Bai K.Y., Zhang H.B. Petrology and geochemistry of active continental margin intrusive rock belt on the northern margin of the Tarim. Regional Geology of China 2001, 20(2):158-163. (in Chinese with English abstract).
43. Khain E.V., Bibikova E.V., Salnikova E.E., Kröner A., Gibsher A.S., Dddenko A.N., Egtyarev K.E., Fdotova A.A. The Palaeo-Asian ocean in the Proterozoic and early Palaeozoic: new geochronologic data and palaeotectonic reconstructions. Precambrian Research 2003, 122:329-358.
44. Kim J., Coish R., Evans M., Dick G. Supra-subduction zone extensional magmatism in Vermont and adjacent Quebec: implications for early Paleozoic Appalachian tectonics. Geological Society of America Bulletin 2003, 115:1552-1569.
45. Klemd R., Bröcker M., Hacker B.R., Gao J., Gans P., Wemmer K. New age constraints on the metamorphic evolution of the high-pressure/low-temperature belt in the western Tianshan mountains, NW China. Journal of Geology 2005, 113:157-168.
46. Konopelko D., Biske G., Seltmann R., Kiseleva M., Matukov D., Sergeev S. Deciphering Caledonian events: timing and geochemistry of the Caledonian magmatic arc in the Kyrgyz Tien Shan. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 2008, 32:131-141.
47. Kröner A., Windley B.F., Badarch G., Tomurtogoo O., Hegner E., Jahn B.M., Gruschka S., Khain E.V., Demoux A., Wingate M.T.D. Accretionary growth and crust-formation in the Central Asian Orogenic Belt and comparison with the Arabian-Nubian Shield. Geological Society of America Memoir 2007, 200:181-209. R.D. Hatcher, M.P. Carlson, J.H. McBride, J.M. Catalan (Eds.).
48. Laurent-Charvet, S., 2001. Accrétions continentales en Asie centro-orientale: évolution géodynamique et structurale du Tianshan et du Junggar oriental (nord-ouest Chine) au Paléozoïque. PhD thesis, University of Orléans, Orléans, France.
49. 39A age determination on the Late Devonian tectonic event along the southern margin of the South Tianshan Mountains and its significance. Acta Geologica Sinica 2004, 20(3):691-696. (in Chinese with English abstract).
50. Lin W., Faure M., Shi Y.H., Wang Q.C., Li Z. Palaeozoic tectonics of the south-western Chinese Tianshan: new insights from a structural study of the high-pressure/low-temperature metamorphic belt. International Journal of Earth Sciences 2009, 98:1259-1274.
51. Liou J.G., Graham S.A., Maruyama S., Zhang R. Characteristics and tectonic significance of the Late Proterozoic Aksu blueschists and diabasic dikes, Northwest Xinjiang, China. International Geological Review 1996, 38:228-244.
52. Liu Y. Early Carboniferous radiolarian fauna from Heiyingshan, South of the Tianshan Mountains and its geotectonic significance. Acta Geologica Sinica 2001, 75(1):101-108.
53. Liu B., Qian Y.X. The geologic characteristics and fluid evolution in the three high-pressure metamorphic belts of eastern Tianshan. Acta Petrologica Sinica 2003, 19(2):283-296. (in Chinese with English abstract).
54. Liu C.X., Xu B.L., Zou T.R., Lu F.X., Tong Y., Cai J.H. Petrochemistry and tectonic significance of Hercynian alkaline rocks along the northern margin of the Tarim platform and its adjacent area. Xinjiang Geology 2004, 22(1):43-49. (in Chinese with English abstract).
55. Liu Z.R., Pei J.P., Deng D.S., Sun J.H., Tao L. Ordovician ophiolite in Xin'Gangou of Tuokexun, Xinjiang. Xinjiang Geology 2005, 23(4):326-333. (in Chinese with English abstract).
56. Long L.L., Gao J., Xiong X.M., Qian Q. The geochemical characteristics and the age of the Kule Lake ophiolite in the southern Tianshan. Acta Petrologica Sinica 2006, 22(1):65-73. (in Chinese with English abstract).
57. Lu H.F., Howell D.C., Jia D. Rejuvenation of the Kuqa foreland basin, northern flank of the Tarim basin, Northwest China. International Geological Review 1994, 36:1151-1158.
58. Lu S.N., Li H.K., Zhang C.L., Niu G.H. Geological and geochronological evidence for the Precambrian evolution of the Tarim Craton and surrounding continental fragments. Precambrian Research 2008, 160:94-107.
59. Luo Y.J., Wang G.C., Cao S.Z., Gao R., Liu H., Huang W.X. Provenance and tectonic implication of detrital zircons in Silurian-Devonian clastic rocks from basin-rang linking areas, NW Tarim. Proceedings of the 3rd National Symposium on Structural Geology and Geodynamics, Guangzhou (China) 2010, 155. (in Chinese).
60. Ma R.S., Ye S.F., Wang C.Y., Liu G.B. Framework and evolution in the East Tianshan Orogenic belt. Geosciences of Xinjiang 1990, 2:21-36. (in Chinese with English abstract).
61. Ma H.F., Zhang Z.M., Cai G.Q., Li Y.X. Zonation characteristics of gold mineralization in eastern part of southern Tianshan and prospect prognosis. Uranium Geology 2002, 18:282-286. (in Chinese with English abstract).
62. Ma Z.P., Xia L.Q., Xu X.Y., Li X.M., Xia Z.C., Wang L.S. The tectonic setting and implication of volcanic-magmatic complex from the Upper-Silurian Bayinbuluke Formation, Southern Tianshan. Journal of Jilin University (Earth Science Edition) 2006, 36(5):736-743. (in Chinese with English abstract).
63. Ma Z.P., Xia L.Q., Xu X.Y., Xia Z.C., Li X.M., Wang L.S. Geochemical characteristics of basalts: evidence for the tectonic setting and geological significance of Kulehu ophiolite, South Tianshan Mountains. Acta Petrologica et Mineralogica 2006, 25(5):387-400. (in Chinese with English abstract).
64. Ma Z.P., Xia L.Q., Xu X.Y., Xia Z.C., Li X.M., Wang L.S. Geochemical characteristics and petrogenesis of the Early Paleozoic igneous rocks from Bayinbuluke, Southern Tianshan. Acta Petrologica Sinica 2008, 24:2289-2300. (in Chinese with English abstract).
65. Makarov V.I., Alekseev D.V., Batalev V.Y., Bataleva E.A., Belyaev I.V., Bragin V.D., Dergunov N.T., Efimova N.N., Leonov M.G., Munirova L.M., Pavlenkin A.D., Roecker S., Roslov Y.V., Rybin A.K., Shchelochkov G.G. Underthrusting of Tarim beneath the Tien Shan and Deep structure of their junction zone: main results of seismic experiment along MANAS profile Kashgar-Song-Köl. Geotectonics (English translation) 2010, 44(2):102-126.
66. Meffre S., Direen N.G., Crawford A.J., Kamenetsky V.S. Mafic volcanic rocks on King Island, Tasmania: evidence for 579Ma break-up in east Gondwana. Precambrian Research 2004, 135(3):177-191.
67. Meschede M. A method of discriminating between different types of mid-ocean ridge basalts and continental tholeiites with the Nb-Zr-Y diagram. Chemical Geology 1986, 56:207-218.
68. Metcalf R.V., Shervais J.W. Supra-subduction zone ophiolites: is there really an ophiolite conundrum?. Geological Society of America Special Paper 2008, 438:191-222. J.E. Wright, J.W. Shervais (Eds.).
69. Mikolaichuk, A., Buchroithner, M., 2008. Quaternary removed geological map of the Khan Tengri Massif (ISTC Project #KR-920) (1:200, 000). Kyrgyz-Russian Slavic University, International Science and Technology Center. Online source at http://www.geomap.flameweb.org/.
70. Mikolaichuk A.V., Kotov V.V., Kuzikov S.I. Structural position of the Malyi Naryn metamorphic complex as related to the problem of the boundary between the North and Median Tian Shan. Geotectonics (English translation) 1995, 29(2):157-166.
71. Mikolaichuk A.V., Kurenkov S.A., Degtyarev K.E., Rubtsov V.I. Northern Tien Shan: main stages of geodynamic evolution in the late Precambrian-early Paleozoic. Geotectonics (English translation) 1997, 31(6):445-462.
72. Qian Q., Xu S.L., He G.Q., Klemd R., Xiong X.M., Long L.L., Gao J. Elemental geochemistry and tectonic significance of Cambrian basalts from the northern side of the Nalati Mountain. Acta Petrologica Sinica 2007, 23:1708-1720. (in Chinese with English abstract).
73. Qian Q., Gao J., Klemd R., He G.Q., Song B., Liu D.Y., Xu R.H. Early Paleozoic tectonic evolution of the Chinese South Tianshan Orogen: constraints from SHRIMP zircon U-Pb geochronology and geochemistry of basaltic and dioritic rocks from Xiate, NW China. International Journal of Earth Sciences 2009, 98:551-569.
74. Rollinson H.R. Using Geochemical Data: Evaluation, Presentation, Interpretation 1993, Longman scientific technical, New York.
75. Saunders A.D., Storey M., Kent R.W., Norry M.J. Consequences of plume lithosphere interactions. Geological Society of London Special Publications 1992, 68:41-60. B.C. Storey (Ed.).
76. Sengör A.M.C., Natal'in B.A. Paleotectonics of Asia: fragments of a synthesis. The Tectonic Evolution of Asia. Rubey Colloquium 1996, 486-640. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. A. Yin, M. Harrison (Eds.).
77. Sengör A.M.C., Natal'in B.A., Burtman V.S. Evolution of the Altaid tectonic collage and Paleozoic crust growth in Eurasia. Nature 1993, 364:299-307.
78. Shi Y.R., Liu D.Y., Zhang Q., Jian P., Zhang F.Q., Miao L.C. SHRIMP zircon U-Pb dating of the Gangou granitoids, Central Tianshan Mountains, Northwest China and tectonic significances. Chinese Science Bulletin 2007, 52:1507-1516.
79. Shinjo R. Geochemistry of high Mg andesites and the tectonic evolution of the Okinawa Trough-Ryukyu arc system. Chemical Geology 1999, 157:69-88.
80. Shu L.S., Wang C.Y., Ma R.S. Granulite relics and pyroxene-facies ductile deformation in the northern boundary of the southern Tianshan. Scientia Geologica Sinica 1996, 31(4):63-71. (in Chinese with English abstract).
81. Shu L.S., Charvet J., Lu H.F., Laurent-Charvet S. Paleozoic accretion-collision events and kinematics of ductile deformation in the central-southern Tianshan Belt, China. Acta Geologica Sinica 2002, 76(3):308-323.
82. Shu L.S., Yu J.H., Charvet J., Laurent-Charvet S., Sang H.P., Zhang R.G. Geological, geochronological and geochemical features of granulites in the Eastern Tianshan, NW China. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 2004, 24(1):25-41.
83. Shu L.S., Wang B., Zhu W.B. Age and tectonic significance of radiolarian fossils from the Heiyingshan ophiolitic melange, South Tianshan Belt, NW China. Acta Geologica Sinica 2007, 81:1-8. (in Chinese with English abstract).
84. Simonov V.A., Sakiev K.S., Volkova N.I., Stupakov S.I., Travin A.V. Conditions of formation of the Atbashi Ridge eclogites (South Tien Shan). Russian Geology and Geophysics 2008, 49:803-815.
85. Stupakov S.I., Volkova N.I., Travin A.V., Simonov V.A., Sakiev K.S., Novgorodtsev O.S. Eclogites of Atbashi Ridge as indicators of Early Carboniferous collision in southern Tien Shan. Petrology of Magmatic and Metamorphic Complexes 4 2004, 272-277. Tomsk Center for Scientific and Technical Information, Tomsk.
86. Su W., Gao J., Klemd R., Li J.L., Zhang X., Li X.H., Chen N.S., Zhang L. U-Pb zircon geochronology of Tianshan eclogites in NW China: implication for the collision between the Yili and Tarim blocks of the southwestern Altaids. European Journal of Mineralogy 2010, 22:473-478.
87. Sun S.S., McDonough W.F. Chemical and isotopic systematics of ocean island basalts: implications for mantle composition and processes. Geological Society of London Special Publications 1989, 42:313-345. A.D. Saunders, M.J. Norry (Eds.).
88. Tang Y.Q., Gao J., Zhao M., Li J.Y., Wang J. The Ophiolites and Blueschists in the Southwestern Tianshan Orogenic Belt, Xinjiang, Northwestern China 1995, Geological Publishing House, Beijing, (in Chinese with English abstract).
89. Vavra G., Gebauer D., Schmid R., Compston W. Multiple zircon growth and recrystallization during polyphase Late Carboniferous to Triassic metamorphism in granulites of the Ivrea Zone (Southern Alps): an ion microprobe (SHRIMP) study. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 1996, 122:337-358.
90. Wang X.C., He G.Q., Gao J., Li M.S., Lu S.N. Structural reformation and age of metamorphic rock series in Lake Kule of souther Tianshan. Xinjiang Geology 1995, 13(3):241-250. (in Chinese with English abstract).
91. Wang X.C., He G.Q., Li M.S., Gao J., Lu S.N. Petrochemical characteristics and isotopic age of ophiolite in southern part of south Tianshan. Journal of Hebei College of Geology 1995, 18(4):295-302. (in Chinese with English abstract).
92. Wang X.C., He G.Q., Li M.S. A discussion on the time of the Kuergan micro-massif in South Tianshan. Journal of Chengdu University of Technology 1996, 23(3):90-95. (in Chinese with English abstract).
93. Wang B.Y., Li Q., Liu J.B. Geological structures of the Middle Tianshan Mountains along the Dushanzi-Kuqa highway. Xinjiang Geology 1997, 15(2):135-154. (in Chinese with English abstract).
94. Wang K.L., Chung S.L., Chen C.H., Chen C.H. Geochemical constraints on the petrogenesis of high-Mg basaltic andesites from the Northern Taiwan Volcanic Zone. Chemical Geology 2002, 182:513-528.
95. Wang R.S., Zhou D.W., Wang Y., Wang J.L., Sang H.Q., Zhang R.H. Geochronology for the multi-stage metamorphism of high-pressure terrain of granulite facies from Yushugou area, south Tianshan. Acta Petrologica Sinica 2003, 19(3):452-460. (in Chinese with English abstract).
96. Wang B., Faure M., Cluzel D., Shu L.S., Charvet J., Meffre S. Late Paleozoic tectonic evolution of the northern West Tianshan, NW China. Geodinamica Acta 2006, 19(3-4):237-247.
97. Wang B., Shu L.S., Cluzel D., Faure M., Charvet J. Geochemical constraints on Carboniferous volcanic rocks of Yili Block (Xinjiang, NW China); implication on tectonic evolution of Western Tianshan. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 2007, 29:148-159.
98. Wang B., Shu L.S., Faure M., Cluzel D., Charvet J. Paleozoic tectonism and magmatism of Kekesu-Qiongkushitai section in southwestern Chinese Tianshan and their constraints on the age of the orogeny. Acta Petrologica Sinica 2007, 23(6):1354-1368. (in Chinese with English abstract).
99. Wang B., Faure M., Shu L.S., Cluzel D., Charvet J., de Jong K., Chen Y. Paleozoic geodynamic evolution of the Yili Block, Western Chinese Tianshan. Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France 2008, 179(5):483-490.
100. Wang B., Cluzel D., Shu L.S., Faure M., Charvet J., Chen Y., Meffre S., de Jong K. Evolution of calc-alkaline to alkaline magmatism through Carboniferous convergence to Permian transcurrent tectonics, western Chinese Tianshan. International Journal of Earth Sciences 2009, 98(6):1275-1298.
101. Wang B., Faure M., Shu L.S., de Jong K., Charvet J., Cluzel D., Jahn B.M., Chen Y., Ruffet G. Structural and geochronological study of High-Pressure metamorphic rocks in the Kekesu section (Northwestern China): implications for the late Paleozoic tectonics of the southern Tainshan. Journal of Geology 2010, 118:59-77.
102. Wilson M. Igneous Petrogenesis 1989, Unwin Hyman, London.
103. Winchester J.A., Floyd P.A. Geochemical magma type discrimination: application to altered and metamorphosed basic igneous rocks. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 1976, 28:459-469.
104. Winchester J.A., Floyd P.A. Geochemical discrimination of different magma series and their differentiation products using immobile elements. Chemical Geology 1977, 20:325-343.
105. Windley B.F., Allen M.B., Zhang C., Zhao Z.Y., Wang G.R. Paleozoic accretion and Cenozoic redeformation of the Chinese Tien Shan range, Central Asia. Geology 1990, 18:128-131.
106. Windley B.F., Alexeiev D., Xiao W.J., Kroner A., Badarch G. Tectonic models for accretion of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt. Journal of the Geological Society 2007, 164:31-47.
107. XBGMR, 1983. geological map 1:20 0000, Heiyingshan sheet (K-44-10).
108. XBGMR (Xinjiang Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources) Regional Geology of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomy Region 1993, Geological Publishing House, Beijing, (in Chinese with English abstract).
109. Xiao X.C., Tang Y.Q., Li J.Y., Zhao M., Feng Y.M., Zhu B.Q. Geotectonic evolution of northern Xinjiang. Geoscience Xinjiang 1990, 1:47-68.
110. Xiao X.C., Tang Y.Q., Feng Y.M., Zhu B.Q., Li J.Y., Zhao M. Tectonic Evolution of the Northern Xinjiang and its Adjacent Regions 1992, Geology Publishing House, Beijing (in Chinese with English abstract).
111. Xiao W.J., Zhang L.C., Qin K.Z., Sun S., Li J.L. Paleozoic accretionary and collisional tectonics of the eastern Tianshan (China): implications for the continental growth of Central Asia. American Journal of Science 2004, 304:370-395.
112. Xiao W.J., Han C.M., Yuan C., Sun M., Lin S.F., Chen H.L., Li Z.L., Li J.L., Sun S. Middle Cambrian to Permian subduction-related accretionary orogenesis of Northern Xinjiang, NW China: implications for the tectonic evolution of central Asia. Journal of Asian Earth Science 2008, 32:102-117.
113. Xiao W.J., Huang B.C., Han C.M., Sun S., Li J.L. A review of the western part of the Altaids: a key to understanding the architecture of accretionary orogens. Gondwana Research 2010, 10.1016/j.gr.2010.01.007.
114. Xu X.Y., Ma Z.P., Li X.M., He S.P., Yang J.L. The discovery of P-MORB in Jigen area of southwest Tianshan Mountains and its tectonic implications. Acta Petrologica et Mineralogica 2003, 22(3):245-253. (in Chinese with English abstract).
115. Xu X.Y., Ma Z.P., Xia Z.C., Xia L.Q., Li X.M., Wang L.S. TIMS U-Pb isotopic dating and geochemical characteristics of Paleozoic granitic rocks from the Middle-Western section of Tianshan. Northwestern Geology 2006, 39(1):50-75. (in Chinese with English abstract).
116. Yang T.N., Wang X.P. Geochronology, petrochemistry and tectonic implications of Early Devonian plutons in Kumux area, Xinjiang. Acta Petrologica et Mineralogica 2006, 25(5):401-411. (in Chinese with English abstract).
117. Yang S.H., Zhou M.F. Geochemistry of the 430-Ma Jingbulake mafic-ultramafic intrusion in Western Xinjiang, NW China: implications for subduction related magmatism in the South Tianshan orogenic belt. Lithos 2009, 113:259-273.
118. Yang H.B., Gao P., Li B., Zhang Q.J. The geological character of the Sinian Dalubayi ophiolite in the west Tianshan, Xinjiang. Xinjiang Geology 2005, 23(2):123-126. (in Chinese with English abstract).
119. Yang J.H., Chung S.L., Wilde S.A., Wu F.Y., Chu M.F., Lo C.H., Fan H.R. Petrogenesis of post-orogenic syenites in the Sulu Orogenic Belt, East China: geochronological, geochemical and Nd-Sr isotopic evidence. Chemical Geology 2005, 214:99-125.
120. Yang T.N., Li J.Y., Sun G.H., Wang Y.B. Earlier Devonian active continental arc in Central Tianshan: evidence of geochemical analyses and Zircon SHRIMP dating on mylonitized granitic rock. Acta Geologica Sinica 2006, 22(1):41-48. (in Chinese with English abstract).
121. Zhang L.C., Wu N.Y. Tectonics and evolution of the Tianshan Mountains. Xinjing Geology 1985, 3(3):1-14. (in Chinese with English abstract).
122. Zhang, L.F., Ai, Y.L., Li, X.P., Rubatto, D., Song, B., Williams, S., Song, S.G., Ellis, D.J., Liou, J.G., 2007. Triassic collision of western Tianshan orogenic belt, China: evidence from SHRIMP U-Pb dating of zircon from HP/UHP eclogitic rocks. Lithos 96, 266-280.
123. Zhao J.M., Liu G.D., Lu Z.X., Zhang X.K., Zhao G.Z. Lithospheric structure and dynamic processes of the Tianshan orogenic belt and the Junggar basin. Tectonophysics 2003, 376:199-239.
124. Zhou D., Graham S.A., Chang E.Z., Wang B.Y., Hacker B. Paleozoic tectonic amalgamation of the Chinese Tianshan: Evidence from a transect along the Dushanzi-Kuqa highway. Geological Society of America Memoir, Boulder, Colorado 2001, 194:23-46. M.S. Hendrix, G.A. Davis (Eds.).
125. Zhou D.W., Su L., Jian P., Wang R.S., Liu X.M., Lu G.X., Wang J.L. Zircon U-Pb SHRIMP ages of Yushugou ophiolitic terrane in Southern Tianshan and their tectonic implications. Chinese Science Bulletin 2004, 49(13):1415-1419.
126. Zhu, Z.X., 2007. The Geological components and tectonic evolution of south Tianshan, Xinjiang. PhD thesis, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing.
127. Zhu Y.F., Song B. Petrology and SHRIMP chronology mylonitized Tianger granite, Xinjiang, also about the dating on hydrothermal zircon rim in granite. Acta Petrologica Sinica 2006, 22(1):135-144. (in Chinese with English abstract).
128. Zhu Y.F., Zhang L.F., Gu L.B., Guo X., Zhou J. The zircon SHRIMP chronology and trace element geochemistry of the Carboniferous volcanic rocks in western Tianshan Mountains. Chinese Science Bulletin 2005, 50(19):2201-2212.
129. Zhu Y.F., Zhou J., Guo X. Petrology and Sr-Nd isotopic geochemistry of the Carboniferous volcanic rocks in the western Tianshan Mountains, NW China. Acta Petrologica Sinica 2006, 22(5):1341-1350. (in Chinese with English abstract).
130. Zhu Y.F., Zhou J., Song B., Zhang L.F., Guo X. Age of the "Dahalajunshan" Formation in Xinjiang and its disintegration. Geology in China 2006, 33(3):487-497. (in Chinese with English abstract).
131. Zhu Z.X., Wang K.Z., Zheng Y.J., Sun G.H., Zhang C., Li Y.P. Zircon SHRIMP dating of Silurian and Devonian granitic intrusions in the southern Yili block, Xinjiang and preliminary discussion on their tectonic setting. Acta Petrologica Sinica 2006, 22:1193-1200. (in Chinese with English abstract).
132. Zhu Z.X., Li J.Y., Dong L.H., Wang K.Z., Liu G.Z., Li Y.P., Liu Z.T. Age determination and geological significance of Devonian granitic intrusions in Seriyakeyilake region, northern margin of Tarim basin. Xinjiang. Acta Petrologica Sinica 2008, 24:971-976. (in Chinese with English abstract).
133. Zhu Z.X., Li J.Y., Dong L.H., Zhang X.F., Hu J.W., Wang K.Z. The age determination of Late Carboniferous intrusions in Mangqisu region and its constraints to the closure of oceanic basin in South Tianshan, Xinjing. Acta Petrologica Sinica 2008, 24:2761-2766. (in Chinese with English abstract).
134. Zindler A., Hart S. Chemical geodynamics. Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences 1986, 14:493-571.