What your best friend sees that i don't see: Comparing female close friends and casual acquaintances on the perception of emotional facial expressions of varying intensities

Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin

Volumn 37, Issue 1, 2011, Pages 28-39

  Zhang, Fang ^a   Parmley, Maria ^a  

^a ASSUMPTION COLLEGE   (United States)

Author keywords

close relationships; expression intensity; facial expression of emotion; intimacy; recognition accuracy

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; ARTICLE; ASSOCIATION; EMOTION; FACIAL EXPRESSION; FEMALE; FRIEND; HUMAN; HUMAN RELATION; PATTERN RECOGNITION; PHOTOGRAPHY;

ADOLESCENT; CUES; EMOTIONS; FACIAL EXPRESSION; FEMALE; FRIENDS; HUMANS; INTERPERSONAL RELATIONS; PATTERN RECOGNITION, VISUAL; PHOTOGRAPHY; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 78650435956     PISSN: 01461672     EISSN: 15527433     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/0146167210388194     Document Type: Article

References (45)

1. Altman, S., & Taylor, D.A. (1973). Social penetration: The development of interpersonal relationships. New York, NY: Holt, Rinehart & Winston.
2. Ansfield, M.E., DePaulo, B.M., & Bell, K.L. (1995). Familiarity effects in nonverbal understanding: Recognizing our own facial expressions and our friends'. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior, 19, 135-149.
3. Bassili, J.N. (1978). Facial motion in the perception of faces and of emotional expression. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 4, 373-379.
4. Bastone, L.M., & Wood, H.A. (1997). Individual differences in the ability to decode emotional facial expressions. Psychology: A Journal of Human Behavior, 34, 32-36.
5. Beale, J.M., & Keil, F.C. (1995). Categorical effects in the perception of faces. Cognition, 57, 217-239.
6. Beaupre, M.G., & Hess, U. (2006). An ingroup advantage for confidence in emotion recognition judgments: The moderating effect of familiarity with the expressions of outgroup members. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 32, 16-26.
7. Biehl, M., Matsumoto, D., Ekman, P., Hearn, V., Heider, K., Kudoh, T., & Ton, V. (1997). Matsumoto and Ekman's Japanese and Caucasian Facial Expressions of Emotion (JACFEE): Reliability data and cross-national differences. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior, 21, 3-21.
8. Bowlby, J. (1982). Attachment and loss. Vol. 1, attachment. New York, NY: Basic Books. (Original work published 1969).
9. Buck, R., Baron, R., & Barrette, D. (1982). Temporal organization of spontaneous emotional expression: A segmentation analysis. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 42, 506-517.
10. Buck, R., Baron, R.M., Goodman, N., & Shapiro, B. (1980). Unitization of spontaneous nonverbal behavior in the study of emotion communication. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 39, 522-529.
11. DePaulo, B.M., & Friedman, H.S. (1998). Nonverbal communication. In D. T. Gilbert, S. T. Fiske, & G. Lindzey (Eds.), The handbook of social psychology (4th ed., Vol. 2, pp. 3-40). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.
12. Easy Morph [Computer software]. (2000). Glasgow, MT: Black Belt Systems.
13. Edwards, K. (1998). The face of time: Temporal cues in facial expressions of emotion. Psychological Science, 9, 270-276.
14. Ekman, P. (1972). Universal and cultural differences in facial expression of emotion. In J. R. Cole (Ed.), Nebraska symposium on motivation, 1971 (pp. 207-283). Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press.
15. Ekman, P. (1984). Expression and the nature of emotion. In K. R. Scherer & P. Ekman (Eds.), Approaches to emotion (pp. 319-343). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
16. Ekman, P., & Friesen, W. (1969). The repertoire of nonverbal behavior: Categories, origins, usage, and coding. Semiotica, 1, 49-98.
17. Elfenbein, H.A., & Ambady, N. (2002). On the universality and cultural specificity of emotion recognition: A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 128, 203-235.
18. Elfenbein, H.A., & Ambady, N. (2003). When familiarity breeds accuracy: Cultural exposure and facial emotion recognition. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 85, 276-290.
19. Elfenbein, H.A., Beaupré, M., Lévesque, M., & Hess, U. (2007). Toward a dialect theory: Cultural differences in the expression and recognition of posed facial expressions. Emotion, 7, 131-146.
20. Elfenbein, H.A., Marsh, A.A., & Ambady, N. (2002). Emotional intelligence and the recognition of emotion from facial expressions. In L. Feldman Barrett & P. Salovey (Eds.), The wisdom in feeling: Psychological processes in emotional intelligence (pp. 37-59). New York, NY: Guilford.
21. E-Prime (Version 1.0) [Computer program]. (2002). Pittsburgh, PA (http://www.pstnet.com): Psychology Software Tools.
22. Feldman Barrett, L., & Niedenthal, P.M. (2004). Valence focus and the perception of facial affect. Emotion, 4, 266-274.
23. Ganel, T., & Goshen-Gottstein, Y. (2004). Effects of familiarity on the perceptual integrality of the identity and expression of faces: The parallel-route hypothesis revisited. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 30, 583-597.
24. Graham, S.M., Huang, J.Y., Clark, M.S., & Helgeson, V.S. (2008). The positives of negative emotions: Willingness to express negative emotions promotes relationships. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 34, 394-406.
25. Hall, J.A. (1978). Gender effects in decoding nonverbal cues. Psychological Bulletin, 85, 845-857.
26. Hess, U., Banse, R., & Kappas, A. (1995). The intensity of facial expression is determined by underlying affective state and social situation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 69, 280-288.
27. Hess, U., Blairy, S., & Kleck, R.E. (1997). The intensity of emotional facial expressions and decoding accuracy. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior, 21, 241-257.
28. Kamachi, M., Bruce, V., Mukaida, S., Gyoba, J., Yoshikawa, S., & Akamatsu, S. (2001). Dynamic properties influence the perception of facial expressions. Perception, 30, 875-887.
29. Kenny, D.A., & Acitelli, L.K. (2001). Accuracy and bias in the perception of the partner in a close relationship. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 80, 439-448.
30. Kenny, D.A., Kashy, D.A., & Cook, W.L. (2006). Dyadic data analysis. New York, NY: Guildford.
31. Markham, R., & Adams, K. (1992). The effect of type of task on children's identification of facial expressions. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior, 16, 21-39.
32. Marsh, A.A., Adams, R.B., Jr., & Kleck, R.E. (2005). Why do fear and anger look the way they do? Form and social function in facial expressions. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 32, 16-26.
33. Millar, M.G., & Millar, K. (1995). Negative affective consequences of thinking about disease detection behaviors. Health Psychology, 14, 141-146.
34. Motley, M.T., & Camden, C.T. (1988). Facial expression of emotion: A comparison of posed expressions versus spontaneous expressions in an interpersonal communication setting. Western Journal of Speech Communication, 52, 1-22.
35. Niedenthal, P.M., Brauer, M., Halberstadt, J.M., & Innes-Ker, A.H. (2001). When did her smile drop? Facial mimicry and the influences of emotional state on the detection of change in emotional expression. Cognition and Emotion, 15, 853-864.
36. Reis, H.T., & Patrick, B.C. (1996). Attachment and intimacy: Component processes. In E. T. Higgins & A. W. Kruglanski (Eds.), Social psychology: Handbook of basic principles (pp. 523-563). New York, NY: Guilford.
37. Reis, H.T., & Shaver, P. (1988). Intimacy as an interpersonal process. In S. Duck, D. F. Hay, S. E. Hobfoll, W. Ickes, & B. M. Montgomery (Eds.), Handbook of personal relationships: Theory, research and interventions (pp. 367-389). Oxford, UK: John Wiley.
38. Rosenthal, R., & Rosnow, R.L. (1984). Essentials of behavioral research: Methods and data analysis. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.
39. Sabatelli, R.M., Buck, R., & Dreyer, A. (1980). Communication via facial cues in intimate dyads. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 6, 242-247.
40. Sabatelli, R.M., Buck, R., & Dreyer, A. (1982). Nonverbal communication accuracy in married couples: Relationship with marital complaints. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 43, 1088-1097.
41. Singer, J.D., & Willett, J.B. (2003). Applied longitudinal data analysis: Modeling change and event occurrence. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
42. Thibault, P., Bourgeois, P., & Hess, U. (2006). The effect of group-identification on emotion recognition: The case of cats and basketball players. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 42, 676-683.
43. Wagner, H.L. (1993). On measuring performance in category judgment studies of nonverbal behavior. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior, 17, 3-28.
44. Wagner, H.L., & Smith, J. (1991). Facial expressions in the presence of friends and strangers. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior, 15, 201-214.
45. Zuckerman, M., Lipets, M.S., Koivumaki, J.H., & Rosenthal, R. (1975). Encoding and decoding nonverbal cues of emotion. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 32, 1068-1076.