Source identification and budget analysis on elevated levels of formaldehyde within the ship plumes: A ship-plume photochemical/dynamic model analysis

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics

Volumn 10, Issue 23, 2010, Pages 11969-11985

  Song, C H ^a   Kim, H S ^a   Von Glasow, R ^b   Brimblecombe, P ^b   Kim, J ^c   Park, R J ^d   Woo, J H ^e   Kim, Y H ^a  

^a Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST)   (South Korea)

^b UNIVERSITY OF EAST ANGLIA   (United Kingdom)

^c Yonsei University   (South Korea)

^d Seoul National University   (South Korea)

^e Konkuk University   (South Korea)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ATMOSPHERIC PLUME; BOUNDARY LAYER; CHEMICAL COMPOSITION; CHEMICAL PROCESS; FORMALDEHYDE; MARINE ATMOSPHERE; OXIDATION; PHOTOCHEMISTRY; SATELLITE SENSOR; VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUND; ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; ATMOSPHERIC TRANSPORT; EMISSION; METEOROLOGY; METHANE; NUMERICAL MODEL; PLUME;

EID: 78650372211     PISSN: 16807316     EISSN: 16807324     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.5194/acp-10-11969-2010     Document Type: Article

References (60)

1. Arnold, S. R., Spracklen, D. V., Williams, J., Yassaa, N., Sciare, J., Bonsang, B., Gros, V., Peeken, I., Lewis, A. C., Alvain, S., and Moulin, C.: Evaluation of the global oceanic isoprene source and its impacts on marine organic carbon aerosol, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 1253-1262, doi:10.5194/acp-9- 1253-2009, 2009.
2. Bey, I., Jacob, D. J., Yantosca, R. M., Logan, J. A., Field, B. D., Fiore, A. M., Li, Q., Liu, H. Y., Mickley, L. J., and Schultz, M. G.: Global modeling of tropospheric chemistry with assimilated meteorology: Model description and evaluation, J. Geo-phys. Res., 106, 23073-23096, 2001.
3. Buhaug, Ø., Corbett, J. J., Endresen, Ø., Eyring, V., Faber, J., Hanayama S., Lee, D. S., Lee, D., Lindstad, H., Markowska, A. Z., Mjelde, A., Nelissen, D., Nilsen, J., Pa?lsson, C., Winebrake, J. J., Wu, W.-Q., and Yoshida, K.: Second IMO GHG study 2009, International Maritime Organization (IMO), London, UK, available at: http: //www.imo.org/OurWork/Environment/ PollutionPrevention/ AirPollution/Pages/Greenhouse-Gas-Study-2009.aspx, March 2009.
4. Capaldo, K., Corbett, J. J., Kasibhatla, P., Fischbeck, P., and Pandis, S. N.: Effects of ship emissions on sulphur cycling and radiative climate forcing over the ocean, Nature, 400, 743-746, 1999.
5. Chen, G., Huey, L. G., Trainer, M., Nicks, D., Corbett, J., Ryerson, T., Parrish, D., Neuman, J. A., Nowak, J., Tanner, D., Holloway, J., Brock, C., Crawford, J., Olson, J. R., Sullivan, A., Weber, R., Schauffler, S., Donnelly, S., Atlas, E., Roberts, J., Flocke, F., Hübler, G., and Fehsenfeld, F.: An investigation of the chemistry of ship emission plumes during ITCT 2002, J. Geophys. Res., 110, D10S90, doi:10.1029/2004JD005236, 2005. (Pubitemid 40919781)
6. Chin, M., Rood, R. B., Lin, S.-J., Müller, J.-F., and Thompson, A. M.: Atmospheric sulfur cycle simulated in the global model GOCART: Model description and global properties, J. Geophys. Res., 110(D20), 24671-24687, 2000.
7. Cooper, D. A., Peterson, K., and Simpson, D.: Hydrocarbon, PAH and PCB emissions from ferries: A case study in the Skagerak-̈ Kattegatt-Oresund region, Atmos. Environ., 30(14), 2463-2473, 1996.
8. Corbett, J. J. and Fischbeck, P.: Emissions from ships, Science, 278, 823-824, 1997.
9. Corbett, J. J. and Koehler, H. W.: Updated emissions from ocean shipping, J. Geophys. Res., 108(D20), 4650, doi:10.1029/2003JD003751, 2003.
10. Corbett, J. J., Fischbeck, P. S., and Pandis, S. N.: Global nitrogen and sulfur inventories for oceangoing ships, J. Geophys. Res., 104(D3), 3457-3470, 1999.
11. De Gouw, J. A., Warneke, C., Scheeren, H. A., Van Der Veen, C., Bolder, M., Scheele, M. P., Williams, J., Wong, S., Lange, L., Fischer, H., and Lelieveld, J.: Overview of the trace gas measurements on board the Citation aircraft during the intensive field phase of INDOEX, J. Geophys. Res., 106(D22), 28453-28467, 2001.
12. Dentener, F., Drevet, J., Lamarque, J. F., Bey, I., Eickhout, B., Fiore, A. M., Hauglustaine, D., Horowitz, L. W., Krol, M., Kul-shrestha, U. C., Lawrence, M., Glay-Lacaux, C., Rast, S., Shin-dell, D., Stevenson, D., Van Noije, T., Atherton, C., Bell, N., Bergman, D., Butler, T., Cofala, J., Collins, B., Doherty, R., Ellingsen, K., Galloway, J., Gauss, M., Montanaro, V., Müller, J. F., Pitari, G., Rodriguez, J., Sanderson, M., Solmon, F., Stra-han, S., Schultz, S., Sudo, M., Szopa, S., and Wild, O.: Nitrogen and sulfur deposition on regional and global scales: A multimodel evaluation, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 20, GB4003, doi:10.1029/2005GB002672, 2006. (Pubitemid 350284673)
13. Duce, R. A., Liss, P. S., Merrill, J. T., Atlas, E. L., Buat-Menard, P., Hicks, B. B., Miller, J. M., Prospero, J. M., Arimoto, R., Church, T. M., Ellis, W., Galloway, J. N., Hansen, L., Jickells, T. D., Knap, A. H., Reinhardt, K. H., Schneider, B., Soudine, A., Tokos, J. J., Tsunogai, S., Wollast, R., and Zhou, M.: The atmospheric input of trace species to the world ocean, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 5(3), 193-259, 1991.
14. Duce, R. A., LaRoche, J., Altieri, K., Arrigo, K. R., Baker, A. R., Capone, D. G., Cornell, S., Dentener, F., Galloway, J., Ganeshram, R. S., Geider, R. J., Jickells, T., Kuypers, M. M., Langlois, R., Liss, P. S., Liu, S. M., Middelburg, J. J., Moore, C. M., Nickovic, S., Oschlies, A., Pedersen, T., Prospero, J., Schlitzer, R., Seitzinger, S., Sorensen, L. L., Uematsu, M., Ul-loa, O., Voss, M., Ward, B., and Zamora, L.: Impacts of atmospheric anthropogenic nitrogen on the open ocean, Science, 320, 893-897, 2008.
15. Endresen, Ø., Sørgard, E., Sundet, J. K., Dalsøren, S. B., Isaksen, I. S. A., Berglen, T. F., and Gravir, G.: Emission from international sea transportation and environmental impact, J. Geophys. Res., 108(D17), 4560, doi:10.1029/2002JD002898, 2003.
16. European Commission Directorate General Environment and En-tec UK Ltd.: Service Contract on Ship Emissions: Assignment, Abatement and Market-based Instruments. Task 1-Preliminary Assignment of Ship Emissions to European Countries, London, 2005.
17. EPA, Analysis of Commercial Marine Vessels Emissions and Fuel Consumption Data, Technical Report EPA 420-R-00-002, US EPA, 2000.
18. Eyring, V., Stevenson, D. S., Lauer, A., Dentener, F. J., Butler, T., Collins, W. J., Ellingsen, K., Gauss, M., Hauglustaine, D. A., Isaksen, I. S. A., Lawrence, M. G., Richter, A., Rodriguez, J. M., Sanderson, M., Strahan, S. E., Sudo, K., Szopa, S., van Noije, T. P. C., and Wild, O.: Multi-model simulations of the impact of international shipping on Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate in 2000 and 2030, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 757-780, doi:10.5194/acp-7- 757-2007, 2007.
19. Faloona, I.: Sulfur processing in the marine atmospheric boundary layer: A review and critical assessment of modeling uncertainties, Atmos. Environ., 43, 2841-2854, 2009.
20. Finlayson-Pitts, B. J. and Pitts Jr., J. N.: Chemistry of the Upper and Lower Atmosphere: Theory, Experiment, and Applications, Academic Press, San Diego, California, USA, 2000.
21. Frick, G. M. and Hoppel, W. A.: Airship measurements of ship's exhaust plumes and their effect on marine boundary layer clouds, J. Atmos. Sci., 57, 2625-2648, 2000.
22. Hanna, S. R., Schulman, L. L., Paine, R. J., Pleim, J. E., and Baer, M.: Development and evaluation of the offshore and coastal dispersion model, J. Air Pollut. Control Assoc., 35, 1039-1047, 1985.
23. Hansen, J. E. and Sato, M.: Trends of measured climate forcing agents, P. Natl Acad. Sci., 98(26), 14778-14783, 2001.
24. Hobbs, P. V., Garrett, T. J., Ferek, R. J., Strader, S. R., Hegg, D. A., Frick, G. M., Hoppel, W. A., Gasparovic, R. F., Russell, L. M., Johnson, D. W., O'Dowd, C., Durkee, P. A., Nielsen, K. E., and Innis, G.: Emissions from ships with respect to their effects on clouds, J. Atmos. Sci., 57, 2570-2590, 2000.
25. Houyoux, M.: Clean Air Interstate Rule Emissions Inventory Technical Support Document, US EPA, 2005.
26. Hoor, P., Borken-Kleefeld, J., Caro, D., Dessens, O., Endresen, O., Gauss, M., Grewe, V., Hauglustaine, D., Isaksen, I. S. A., Jöckel, P., Lelieveld, J., Myhre, G., Meijer, E., Olivie, D., Prather, M., Schnadt Poberaj, C., Shine, K. P., Staehelin, J., Tang, Q., van Aardenne, J., van Velthoven, P., and Sausen, R.: The impact of traffic emissions on atmospheric ozone and OH: results from QUANTIFY, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 3113-3136, doi:10.5194/acp-9-3113- 2009, 2009.
27. Hudson, J. G., Garrett, T. J., Hobbs, P. V., Strader, S. R., Xie, Y., and Yum, S. S.: Cloud condensation nuclei and ship tracks, J. Atmos. Sci., 57, 2696-2706, 2000.
28. Huszar, P., Cariolle, D., Paoli, R., Halenka, T., Belda, M., Schlager, H., Miksovsky, J., and Pisoft, P.: Modeling the regional impact of ship emissions on NOx and ozone levels over the Eastern Atlantic and Western Europe using ship plume parameterization, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 6645-6660, doi:10.5194/acp-10-6645-2010, 2010.
29. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC): Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis, the Fourth Assessment Report of the IPCC, ISBN 978 0521 88009-1, 2007.
30. x in the tropical troposphere: A photochemical analysis of aircraft observations over South Atlantic basin, J. Geophys Res., 101, 24235-24250, 1996.
31. Jaenicke, R.: Aerosol cloud climate interaction, Tropospheric aerosols, edited by: Hobbs, P. V., Academic Press, San Diego, California, USA, 1-31, 1993.
32. x in the upper troposphere at the northern midlatitudes, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 3877-3892, 2000.
33. Kamra, A. K., Murugavel, P., Pawar, S. D., and Gopalakrishnan, V.: Background aerosol concentration derived from the atmospheric electric conductivity measurements made over the Indian Ocean during INDOEX, J. Geophys. Res., 106(D22), 28643-28651, 2001.
34. Karlsdóttir, S. and Isaksen, I. S. A.: Changing methane lifetime: Possible cause for reduced growth, Geophys. Res. Lett., 27(1), 93-96, 2000.
35. Kasibhatla, P., Levy II, H., Moxim, W. J., Pandis, S. N., Corbett, J. J., Peterson, M. C., Honrath, R. E., Frost, G. J., Knapp, K., Parrish, D. D., and Ryerson, T. B.: Do emissions from ship have a significant impact on concentrations of nitrogen oxides in the marine boundary layer?, Geophys. Res. Lett., 27, 2229-2232, 2000.
36. Keene, W. C., Stutz, J., Pszenny, A. A. P., Maben, J. R., Fischer, E. V., Smith, A. M. von Glasow, R., Pechtl, S., Sive, B. C., and Varner, R. K.: Inorganic chlorine and bromine in coastal New England air during summer, J. Geophys. Res., 112, D10S12, doi:10.1029/2006JD007689, 2007 (Pubitemid 47201690)
37. Kieber, R. J., Rhines, M. F., Willey, J. D., and Avery Jr., G. B.: Rainwater formaldehyde: Concentration, deposition, and photochemical formation, Atmos. Environ., 33, 3659-3667, 1999.
38. Kim, H. S., Song, C. H., Park, R. S., Huey, G., and Ryu, J. Y.: Investigation of ship-plume chemistry using a newly-developed photochemical/dynamic ship-plume model, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 7531-7550, doi:10.5194/acp-9-7531-2009, 2009.
39. Langley, L., Leaitch, W. R., Lohmann, U., Shantz, N. C., and Worsnop, D. R.: Contributions from DMS and ship emissions to CCN observed over the summertime North Pacific, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 1287-1314, doi:10.5194/acp-10-1287-2010, 2010.
40. x emissions from ships on tropospheric photochemistry and climate, Nature, 402, 167-170, 1999.
41. Lawrence, M. G., Jöckel, P., and von Kuhlmann, R.: What does the global mean OH concentration tell us?, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 1, 37-49, doi:10.5194/acp-1-37-2001, 2001.
42. Lloyd's Register: Marine Exhaust Emissions Research Programme, Lloyd's Register Eng. Serv., London, 1995
43. Lurmann, F. W., Lloyd, A. C., and Atkinson, R.: A chemical mechanism for use in long-range transport/acid deposition computer modeling, J. Geophys. Res., 91(D10), 10905-10936, 1986.
44. Marbach, T., Beirle, S., Platt, U., Hoor, P., Wittrock, F., Richter, A., Vrekoussis, M., Grzegorski, M., Burrows, J. P., and Wagner, T.: Satellite measurements of formaldehyde linked to shipping emissions, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 8223-8234, doi:10.5194/acp-9-8223-2009, 2009.
45. Osthoff, H. D., Roberts, J. M., Ravishankara, A. R., Williams, E. J., Lerner, B. M., Sommariva, R., Bates, T. S., Coffman, D., Quinn, P. K., Dibb, J. E., Stark, H., Burkholder, J. B., Talukdar, P. K., Meagher, J., Fehsenfeld, F. C., and Brown, S. S.:: High levels of nitryl chloride in the polluted subtropical marine boundary layer, Nature Geosci. 1, 324-328, 2008.
46. Parrish, D. D., Kondo, Y., Cooper, O. R., Brock, C. A., Jaffe, D. A., Trainer, M., Ogawa, T., Hübler, G., and Fehsenfeld, F. C.: Intercontinental Transport and Chemical Transformation 2002 (ITCT 2K2) and Pacific Exploration of Asian Continental Emission (PEACE) experiments: An overview of the 2002 winter and spring intensives, J. Geophys. Res., 109, D23S01, doi:10.1029/2004JD004980, 2004.
47. Prospero, J. M., Barrett, K., Church, T., Dentener, F., Duce, R. A., Galloway, J. N., Levy II, H., Moody, J., and Quinn, P.: Atmospheric deposition of nutrients to the North Atlantic Basin, Bio-geochemistry, 35(1), 27-73, 1996.
48. Radke, L. F., Coakley Jr., J. A., and King, M. D.: Direct and remote sensing observations of the effects of ships on clouds, Science, 246, 1146-1149, 1989.
49. Sander, R. and Crutzen, P. J.: Model study indicating halogen activation and ozone destruction in polluted air masses transported to the sea, J. Geophys. Res., 101(D4), 9121-9138, 1996.
50. 3 in marine tropospheric chemistry: A model study, Geophys. Res. Lett., 26, 2857-2860, 1999.
51. x chemistry, J. Geophys. Res., 108(D4), 4143, doi:10.1029/2002JD002216, 2003a.
52. Song, C. H., Chen, G., and Davis, D. D.: Chemical evolution and dispersion of ship plumes in the remote marine boundary layer: Investigation of sulfur chemistry, Atmos. Environ., 37, 2663-2679, 2003b.
53. Song, C. H., Han, K. M., Cho, H. J., Kim, J., Carmichael, G. R., Kurata, G., Thongboonchoo, N., He, Z., and Kim, H. S.: A La-grangian model investigation of chemico-microphysical evolution of northeast Asian pollution plumes within the MBL during Trace-P, Atmos. Environ., 41, 8932-8951, 2007.
54. Tuan, M. D.: Eulerian photochemical box modeling for investigating secondary inorganic formation over the greater Seoul area, MS thesis, GIST, Gwangju, 2008.
55. Xuan, N. T.: Measured and modeled ozone production efficiency along the Pacific coast of North America, MS thesis, GIST, Gwangju, 2009.
56. Vogt, R., Crutzen, P. J., and Sander, R.: A mechanism for halogen release from sea-salt aerosol in the remote marine boundary layer, Nature, 383, 327-330, 1996.
57. Von Glasow, R., Lawrence, M. G., Sander, R., and Crutzen, P. J.: Modeling the chemical effects of ship exhaust in the cloud-free marine boundary layer, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 3, 233-250, doi:10.5194/acp-3-233-2003, 2003.
58. Von Glasow, R.: Pollution meets sea-salt, Nature Geosci., 1, 292-293, 2008.
59. Wagner V., Schiller, C., and Fischer, H.: Formaldehyde measurements in the marine boundary layer of the Indian Ocean during the 1999 INDOEX cruise of the R/V Ronald H. Brown, J. Geo-phys. Res., 106, 28529-28538, 2001.
60. 4 photoox-idation?: A model study, J. Geophys. Res., 107(D3), 4029, doi:10.1029/2001JD000722, 2002.