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1
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78650378142
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Association for Molecular Pathology v. U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, Southern District of New York (29 March 2010)
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Association for Molecular Pathology v. U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, Southern District of New York (29 March 2010).
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2
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78650364150
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note
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As cited in ( 4) from In re Bilski (39): "[a] claimed process is surely patent-eligible under §101 if: ( 1) it is tied to a particular machine or apparatus, or ( 2) it transforms a particular article into a different state or thing."
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3
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78650320339
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note
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The notice of appeal was filed on 16 June 2010.
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4
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78650315286
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Bilski v. Kappos, U.S. Supreme Court (28 June 2010)
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Bilski v. Kappos, U.S. Supreme Court (28 June 2010).
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5
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78650333449
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Brief for the United States as Amicus Curiae in Support of Neither Party submitted to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit, re (1) (29 October 2010)
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Brief for the United States as Amicus Curiae in Support of Neither Party submitted to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit, re (1) (29 October 2010).
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7
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70349959707
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I. Huys, N. Berthels, G. Matthijs, G. Van Overwalle, Nat. Biotechnol. 27, 903 (2009).
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(2009)
Nat. Biotechnol.
, vol.27
, pp. 903
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Huys, I.1
Berthels, N.2
Matthijs, G.3
Van Overwalle, G.4
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8
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78650371282
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note
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In some empirical studies, a negative impact of patents could not be found [e.g., ( 38)]. However, these studies focused on biomedical research, not downstream product development.
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10
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0037320920
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M. K. Cho, S. Illangasekare, M. A. Weaver, D. G. Leonard, J. F. Merz, J. Mol. Diagn. 5, 3 (2003).
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(2003)
J. Mol. Diagn.
, vol.5
, pp. 3
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Cho, M.K.1
Illangasekare, S.2
Weaver, M.A.3
Leonard, D.G.4
Merz, J.F.5
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11
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77951464969
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Patently Complicated: Case Studies on the Impact of Patenting and Licensing on Clinical Access to Genetic Testing in the United States
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Patently Complicated: Case Studies on the Impact of Patenting and Licensing on Clinical Access to Genetic Testing in the United States. Genet. Med. 12 (4 suppl.), S1-S211 (2010).
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(2010)
Genet. Med.
, vol.12
, Issue.4 SUPPL.
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12
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0001445105
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A. B. Jaffe et al., Eds. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA
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C. Shapiro, in Innovation Policy and the Economy, vol. 1, A. B. Jaffe et al., Eds. (MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 2001), pp. 119-150.
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(2001)
Innovation Policy and the Economy
, vol.1
, pp. 119-150
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Shapiro, C.1
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17
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78650379259
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L. H. Hoffmann, in Kirin-Amgen v. Hoechst Marion Roussel, House of Lords (21 October 2004)
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L. H. Hoffmann, in Kirin-Amgen v. Hoechst Marion Roussel, House of Lords (21 October 2004).
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18
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78650381582
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note
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"Sword" refers to use of patents to obtain royalties or damages ( 39).
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20
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31144476700
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G. Van Overwalle, E. van Zimmeren, B. Verbeure, G. Matthijs, Nat. Rev. Genet. 7, 143 (2006).
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(2006)
Nat. Rev. Genet.
, vol.7
, pp. 143
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Van Overwalle, G.1
Van Zimmeren, E.2
Verbeure, B.3
Matthijs, G.4
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21
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78650377597
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C. H. Holman, Biotech Brief. 5, 1 (2008); www.abanet.org/scitech/ genepatents.html.
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(2008)
Biotech Brief.
, vol.5
, pp. 1
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Holman, C.H.1
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23
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78650388223
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Monsanto v. Cefetra (6 July 2010)
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Monsanto v. Cefetra (6 July 2010).
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24
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78650398934
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Article 53 (c) of the European Patent Convention
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Article 53 (c) of the European Patent Convention.
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25
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78650370074
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note
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Such a restrictive approach has been reinforced by the European Patent Office in its recent case law (G 1/04, Enlarged Board of Appeal, 16 December 2005).
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26
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78650380491
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Mirroring article 27 ( 3) (a) of the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (World Trade Organization, Geneva, 1994)
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Mirroring article 27 ( 3) (a) of the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (World Trade Organization, Geneva, 1994).
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28
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77957958306
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Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge
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G. Van Overwalle, Ed., Gene Patents and Collaborative Licensing Models: Patent Pools, Clearing Houses, Open Source Models, and Liability Regimes (Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, 2009).
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(2009)
Gene Patents and Collaborative Licensing Models: Patent Pools, Clearing Houses, Open Source Models, and Liability Regimes
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Van Overwalle, G.1
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29
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78650375078
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news release, 8 April
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MPEG LA, news release, 8 April 2010; www.mpegla.com/main/Pages/Media. aspx.
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(2010)
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30
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78650353733
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note
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And to ascertain that they do not merely create "markets for lemons" ( 31).
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36
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34447257370
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T. Caulfield, E. Einsiedel, J. F. Merz, D. Nicol, Nat. Biotechnol. 24, 1352 (2006).
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(2006)
Nat. Biotechnol.
, vol.24
, pp. 1352
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Caulfield, T.1
Einsiedel, E.2
Merz, J.F.3
Nicol, D.4
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39
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77956387215
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545 F 3d 943, 959-60 and n. 19 CA Fed
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In re Bilski, 545 F 3d 943, 959-60 and n. 19 (CA Fed 2008).
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(2008)
In Re Bilski
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40
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78650401184
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note
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The author thanks the Vancraesbeeck Fund for support and I. Huys and E. van Zimmeren for comments.
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