Dissociation between implicit and explicit manifestations of awareness in early stage dementia: Evidence from the emotional Stroop effect for dementia-related words

International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry

Volumn 26, Issue 1, 2011, Pages 92-99

  Martyr, Anthony ^a   Clare, Linda ^a   Nelis, Sharon M ^a   Roberts, Judith L ^a   Robinson, Julia U ^a   Roth, Ilona ^b   Markova, Ivana S ^c   Woods, Robert T ^a   Whitaker, Christopher J ^a   Morris, Robin G ^d  

^a BANGOR UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

^b OPEN UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

^c UNIVERSITY OF HULL   (United Kingdom)

^d KING'S COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

anosognosia; denial; insight; pre attentive processing; processing bias

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AGED; ALZHEIMER DISEASE; ARTICLE; AWARENESS; CAREGIVER; CONTROLLED STUDY; DEMENTIA; EMOTIONAL STROOP TEST; FEMALE; HUMAN; INTERVIEW; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MULTIINFARCT DEMENTIA; PSYCHOLOGIC TEST; RESPONSE TIME; TASK PERFORMANCE;

AGED; AGED, 80 AND OVER; ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE; AWARENESS; CAREGIVERS; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDIES; DEMENTIA; EMOTIONS; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; SEMANTICS; STROOP TEST;

EID: 78650316001     PISSN: 08856230     EISSN: 10991166     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/gps.2495     Document Type: Article

References (22)

1. Aalten P, Van Valen E, Clare L, Kenny G, Verhey F,. 2005. Awareness in dementia: a review of clinical correlates. Aging Ment Health 9: 414-422.
2. Algom D, Chajut E, Lev S,. 2004. A rational look at the emotional Stroop phenomenon: a generic slowdown, not a Stroop effect. J Exp Psychol Gen 133: 323-338.
3. Amieva H, Lafont S, Auriacombe S, Carret NL, Dartigues J-F, et al., 2002. Inhibitory breakdown and dementia of the Alzheimer type: a general phenomenon? J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 24: 503-516.
4. Bondi MW, Serody AB, Chan AS, Eberson-Shumate SC, Delis DC, et al., 2002. Cognitive and neuropathologic correlates of Stroop colour-word test performance in Alzheimer's disease. Neuropsychology 16: 335-343.
5. Clare L,. 2004. Awareness in early-stage Alzheimer's disease: a review of methods and evidence. Br J Clin Psychol 43: 177-196. (Pubitemid 38923510)
6. Clare L, Markova I, Verhey F, Kenny G,. 2005. Awareness in dementia: a review of assessment methods and measures. Aging Ment Health 9: 394-413.
7. Cohen J,. 1960. A coefficient of agreement for nominal scales. Educ Psychol Meas 20: 37-46.
8. Doninger NA, Bylsma FW,. 2007. Inhibitory control and affective valence processing in dementia of the Alzheimer type. J Neuropsychol 1: 65-83.
9. Dudley R, O'Brien J, Barnett N, McGuckin L, Britton P,. 2002. Distinguishing depression from dementia in later life: a pilot study employing the emotional Stroop task. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 17: 48-53.
10. Folstein MF, Folstein SE, McHugh PR,. 1975. Mini-mental state: a practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. J Psychiatr Res 12: 189-198.
11. Landis JR, Koch GG,. 1977. The measurement of observer agreement for categorical data. Biometrics 33: 159-174.
12. McKenna FP, Sharma D,. 1995. Intrusive cognitions: an investigation of the emotional Stroop task. J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn 21: 1595-1607.
13. Mogg K, Kentish J, Bradley BP,. 1993. Effects of anxiety and awareness on colour identification latencies for emotional words. Behav Res Ther 31: 559-567.
14. Morris R, Hannesdottir K,. 2004. Loss of 'awareness' in Alzheimer's disease. In Cognitive Neuropsychology of Alzheimer's Disease, Morris R, Becker J, (eds). Oxford University Press: Oxford; 275-296.
15. Ohman A, Flykt A, Esteves F,. 2001. Emotion drives attention: detecting the snake in the grass. J Exp Psychol Gen 130: 466-478.
16. Stormark KM, Nordby H, Hugdahl K,. 1995. Attentional shifts to emotionally charged cues: behavioural and ERP data. Cogn Emot 9: 507-523.
17. Stroop JR,. 1935. Studies of interference in serial verbal reactions. J Exp Psychol 18: 643-662.
18. Tamietto M, Corazzini LL, Castelli L, Geminiani G,. 2004. Domain-specific anosognosia in Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia. Brain Impair 5: 187-197.
19. Weinstein EA,. 1991. Anosognosia and denial of illness. In Awareness of Deficit After Brain Injury: Clinical and Theoretical Issues, Prigatano GP, Schacter DL, (eds). Oxford University Press: New York; 240-257.
20. Weinstein EA, Friedland RP, Wagner EE,. 1994. Denial/unawareness of impairment and symbolic behavior in Alzheimer's disease. Neuropsychiatr Neuropsychol Behav Neurol 7: 176-184.
21. Williams JMG, Mathews A, MacLeod C,. 1996. The emotional Stroop task and psychopathology. Psychol Bull 120: 3-24.
22. World Health Organization. 1992. International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 10th Revision (ICD-10). World Health Organization: Geneva, Switzerland.