A quasi-experimental evaluation of a community-based art therapy intervention exploring the psychosocial health of children affected by HIV in South Africa

Tropical Medicine and International Health

Volumn 16, Issue 1, 2011, Pages 57-66

  Mueller, Joanne ^a   Alie, Collin ^b   Jonas, Beatrice ^b   Brown, Elizabeth ^b   Sherr, Lorraine ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

^b Mad About Art ^*  (South Africa)

Author keywords

Children; Evaluation; HIV; Intervention; South Africa; Therapy

Indexed keywords

ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROME; AGE CLASS; CHILD HEALTH; COMMUNITY HEALTH WORKER; DISEASE TREATMENT; EXPERIMENTAL STUDY; HEALTH RISK; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS; MENTAL HEALTH; MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS; ORPHAN; PSYCHOLOGY; RISK FACTOR; VULNERABILITY;

ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROME; ADULT; AIDS PATIENT; ART THERAPY; ARTICLE; BEHAVIOR DISORDER; CHILD; CHILD HEALTH; CONFOUNDING VARIABLE; DEMOGRAPHY; DEPRESSION; EMOTIONAL DISORDER; GROUP THERAPY; HUMAN; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTED PATIENT; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; PREDICTION; PSYCHOSOCIAL CARE; QUASI EXPERIMENTAL STUDY; RISK FACTOR; SCHOOL CHILD; SELF CONCEPT; SELF ESTEEM; SOUTH AFRICA; STIGMA; THERAPY EFFECT;

ADOLESCENT; ART THERAPY; BEREAVEMENT; CHILD; CHILD BEHAVIOR DISORDERS; COMMUNITY HEALTH SERVICES; DEPRESSION; FEMALE; HIV INFECTIONS; HUMANS; MALE; PROGRAM EVALUATION; SELF CONCEPT; SOUTH AFRICA;

SOUTH AFRICA;

EID: 78650185507     PISSN: 13602276     EISSN: 13653156     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3156.2010.02682.x     Document Type: Article

References (57)

1. Atwine B, Cantor-Graae E & Bajunirwe F (2005) Psychological distress among AIDS orphans in rural Uganda. Social Science and Medicine 61, 555-564.
2. Bagley C, Bolitho F & Bertrand L (1997) Norms and construct validity of the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale in Canadian high school populations: implications for counselling. Canadian Journal of Counselling 31(1), 82-92.
3. Bandura A (1997) Self-efficacy: The Exercise of Control. Freeman, New York.
4. Brown L, Rice J, Boris N, Thurman T, Snider L, Ntaganira J, Lyirazinyoye N, Kalisa E & Nshizirungu E (2007) Psychosocial benefits of a mentoring program for youth-headed households in Rwanda. Horizons Research Summary Washington, DC: Population Council.
5. Clark-Carter D (1997) Doing Quantitative Psychological Research: From Design to Report. Psychology Press, Hove.
6. Cluver L & Gardner F (2006) The psychological well-being of children orphaned by AIDS in Cape Town, South Africa. Annals of General Psychiatry 5(8) PubMed PMID: 16848910; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC1557503.
7. Cluver L & Gardner F (2007a) Mental health of children orphaned by AIDS: a review of international and Southern African research. Journal of Child & Adolescent Mental Health 19(1), 1-17.
8. Cluver L & Gardner F (2007b) Risk and protective factors for psychological well-being of children orphaned by AIDS in Cape Town: a qualitative study of children and caregivers' perspectives. AIDS Care 19(3), 318-325.
9. Cluver L, Gardner F & Operario D (2007) Psychological distress amongst AIDS-orphaned children in urban South Africa. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines 48(8), 755-763.
10. Cluver LD, Gardner F & Operario D (2008) Effects of stigma on the mental health of adolescents orphaned by AIDS. Journal of Adolescent Health 42(4), 410-417.
11. Cluver L, Gardner F & Operario D (2009a) Poverty and psychological health among AIDS-orphaned children in Cape Town, South Africa. AIDS Care 21(6), 732-741.
12. Cluver L, Operario D & Gardner F (2009b) Parental illness, caregiving factors and psychological distress amongst children orphaned by AIDS in South Africa. Vulnerable Children and Youth Studies: An International Interdisciplinary Journal for Research, Policy and Care, 4(3), 185-198.
13. Cohen J (1992) A power primer. Psychological Bulletin 112, 155-159.
14. Ford K & Hosegood V (2005) Aids mortality and the mobility of children in Kwazulu Natal, South Africa. Demography 42(4), 757-768.
15. Gilborn L, Apicella L, Brakarsh J et al. (2006) Orphans and Vulnerable Youth in Bulawayo, Zimbabwe: An Exploratory Study of Psychosocial Well-being and Psychosocial Support Programs. Horizons Final Report, Population Council, Washington, D.C.
16. Goodman R (1997) The strengths and difficulties questionnaire: a research note. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 38, 581-586.
17. Goodman R, Meltzer H & Bailey V (1998) The strengths and difficulties questionnaire: a pilot study on the validity of the self-report version. European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 7, 125-130.
18. Goodman R, Renfrew D & Mullick M (2000) Predicting type of psychiatric disorder from Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) scores in child mental health clinics in London and Dhaka. European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 9, 129-134.
19. Gray-Little B, Williams VSL & Hancock TD (1997) An item response theory analysis of the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 23, 443-451.
20. Griffiths RA, Beumont PJ, Giannakopoulos E et al. (1999) Measuring self-esteem in dieting disordered patients: the validity of the Rosenberg and Coopersmith contrasted. International Journal of Eating Disorders 25(2), 227-231.
21. JLICA (2009) What have we learnt?: a review of evaluation evidence on community interventions providing care and support to children who have been orphaned and rendered vulnerable.
22. King E, De Silva M, Stein A & Patel V (2009) Interventions for improving the psychosocial well-being of children affected by HIV and AIDS. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (2), CD006733. DOI:
23. Kirkwood BR, Cousens SN, Victora CG & de Zoysa I (1997) Issues in the design and interpretation of studies to evaluate the impact of community-based interventions. Tropical Medicine & International Health 2(11), 1022-1029.
24. Kovacs M (1992) Children's Depression Inventory. Multi-health Systems, Niagara Falls, NY.
25. Kumakech E, Cantor-Graae E, Maling S & Bajunirwe F (2009) Peer-group support intervention improves the psychosocial well-being of AIDS orphans: cluster randomized trial. Social Science & Medicine 68(6), 1038-1043.
26. Lee S, Detels R, Rotheram-Borus M & Duan N (2007) The effect of social support on mental and behavioural outcomes among adolescents with parents with HIV/AIDS. American journal of public health 97(10), 1820-1826.
27. Luthar S, Cicchetti D & Becker B (2000) The construct of resilience: a critical evaluation and guidelines for future work. Child Development 71, 543-562.
28. Mann M, Hosman CM, Schaalma HP & de Vries NK (2004) Self-esteem in a broad-spectrum approach for mental health promotion. Health Education Research 19, 357-372.
29. Manuel P (2002) Assessment of Orphans and Their Caregivers' Psychological Well-Being in a Rural Community in Central Mozambique. Unpublished MSc, Institute of Child Health, London.
30. Mathai J, Anderson P & Bourne A (2003) Use of the strengths and difficulties questionnaire as an outcome measure in a child and adolescent mental health service. Australasian Psychiatry 11, 334-337.
31. Muris P (2001) A brief questionnaire for measuring self-efficacy in youths. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment 23(3), 145-149.
32. Murphy D & Marelich W (2008) Resiliency in young children whose others are living with HIV/AIDS. AIDS Care 20(3), 284-291.
33. Nyamukapa CA, Gregson S, Wambe M, Mushore P, Lopman B, Mupambireyi Z, Nhongo K & Jukes MCH (2010) Causes and consequences of psychological distress among orphans in eastern Zimbabwe. AIDS Care, 22(8), 988-996.
34. Nyamukapa C, Gregson S, Lopman B et al. (2006) HIV-associated Orphanhood and Children's Psychosocial Disorders: Theoretical Framework Tested with Data From Zimbabwe Biomedical Research and Training Institute Harare, Imperial College London and UNICEF Zimbabwe.
35. Prince M, Patel V, Saxena S et al. (2007) No health without mental health. Lancet 370(9590), 859-877.
36. Robins RW, Hendin HM & Trzesniewski KH (2001) Measuring Global Self-Esteem: Construct Validation of a Single-Item Measure and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 27, 151-161.
37. Rosenberg M (1965) Society and the Adolescent Self-image. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ.
38. Robertson L, Gregson S & Garnett GP (2010) Sexual risk among orphaned adolescents: is country-level HIV prevalence an important factor? AIDS Care 22(8), 927-938.
39. Rotheram-Borus MJ, Stein JA & Lester P (2006) Adolescent adjustment over six years in HIV-infected families. Journal of Adolescent Health 39, 174-182.
40. Ruchkin V, Schwab-Stone M & Vermeiren R (2004) Social and Health Assessment (SAHA): Psychometric Development Summary Yale University, New Haven.
41. Rutter M (1985) Resilience in the face of adversity. Protective factors and resistance to psychiatric disorder. British Journal of Psychiatry 147, 598-611.
42. Rutter M (2007) Resilience, competence, and coping. Child Abuse & Neglect 31, 205-209.
43. Schenk K (2009) Community interventions providing care and support to orphans and vulnerable children: a review of evaluation evidence. AIDS Care 21(7), 918-942.
44. Sherr L & Mueller J (2008) Where is the evidence base? Mental health issues surrounding bereavement and HIV in children. Journal of Public Mental Health 7(4), 31-39.
45. Sherr L, Varrall R & Mueller J, JLICA Working Group 1. (2008) A systematic review on the meaning of the concept 'AIDS Orphan': confusion over definitions and implications for care. AIDS Care 20(5) AIDS Impact Special Issue, 527-536.
46. Sherr L, Mueller J & Varrall R (2009a) Evidence based gender findings for children affected by HIV and AIDS - a systematic overview. AIDS Care 21(s1), s83-s97.
47. Sherr L, Mueller J & Varrall R (2009) A systematic review of cognitive development and child human immunodeficiency virus infection. Psychology, Health & Medicine 14(4), 387-404.
48. Smedje H, Broman J-E, Hetta J & von Knorring A-L (1999) Psychometric properties of a Swedish version of the 'Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire'. European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 8, 63-70.
49. Snider L (2006) Psychosocial vulnerability and resilience measures for national level monitoring of orphans and other vulnerable children. UNICEF Publications.
50. Stein J (2003) Sorrow makes children of us all: a literature review on the psychosocial impact of HIV/AIDS on children. Working paper no. 47. Centre for social science research, University of Cape Town.
51. Straus M, Hamby S, Finkelhor D, Moore D & Runyan D (1998) Identification of child maltreatment with the Parent-Child Conflict Tactics Scales: development and psychometric data for a national sample of American parents. Child Abuse and Neglect 22, 249-270.
52. Suklo SM & Shaffer EJ (2007) Evaluation of the self-efficacy questionnaire for children in two samples of American adolescents. Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment 25(4), 341-355.
53. UNAIDS & WHO. (2008) Sub-Saharan Africa: AIDS Epidemic Update. Regional Summary 2007. UNAIDS/WHO publications, Geneva.
54. Victora CG, Habicht J-P & Bryce J (2004) Evidence-based public health: moving beyond randomized trials. American Journal of Public Health 94(3), 400-405.
55. Ward C, Martin E, Theron C & Distiller G (2007) Factors affecting resilience in children exposed to violence. South African Journal of Psychology 37(1), 165-187.
56. Wild L (2001) The psychosocial adjustment of children orphaned by AIDS. Southern African Journal of Child and Adolescent Mental Health 13(1), 3-22.
57. Wild L, Flisher A, Laas S & Robertson B (2006) The psychosocial adjustment of adolescents orphaned in the context of HIV/AIDS. Poster presented at the International Society for the Study of Behavioural Development Biennial Meeting, Melbourne, Australia, July 2006.