Identifying patient fear-avoidance beliefs by physical therapists managing patients with low back pain

Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy

Volumn 40, Issue 12, 2010, Pages 774-783

  Calley, Darren Q ^a   Jackson, Steven ^b   Collins, Heather ^c   George, Steven Z ^d  

^a MAYO CLINIC   (United States)

^b The Hammond Clinic   (United States)

^c MAYO CLINIC   (United States)

^d UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA   (United States)

Author keywords

FABQ; Low back pain; Screening

Indexed keywords

EID: 78650136550     PISSN: 01906011     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2519/jospt.2010.3381     Document Type: Article

References (65)

1. Guide to Physical Therapist Practice. Second Edition. American Physical Therapy Association. Phys Ther. 2001;81:9-746.
2. Al-Obaidi SM, Al-Zoabi B, Al-Shuwaie N, Al-Zaabie N, Nelson RM. The influence of pain and pain-related fear and disability beliefs on walking velocity in chronic low back pain. IntJ Rehabil Res. 2003;26:101-108.
3. Al-Obaidi SM, Nelson RM, Al-Awadhi S, Al-Shuwaie N. The role of anticipation and fear of pain in the persistence of avoidance behavior in patients with chronic low back pain. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2000;25:1126-1131.
4. Bernstein J. Decision analysis. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1997;79:1404-1414.
5. Boersma K, Linton SJ. Screening to identify patients at risk: profiles of psychological risk factors for early intervention. Clin J Pain. 2005;21:38-43; discussion 69-72.
6. Burton AK, Tillotson KM, Main CJ, Hollis S. Psychosocial predictors of outcome in acute and subchronic low back trouble. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 1995;20:722-728.
7. Burton AK, Waddell G, Tillotson KM, Summerton N. Information and advice to patients with back pain can have a positive effect. A randomized controlled trial of a novel educational booklet in primary care. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 1999;24:2484-2491.
8. Carragee EJ, Alamin TF, Miller JL, Carragee JM. Discographic, MRI and psychosocial determinants of low back pain disability and remission: a prospective study in subjects with benign persistent back pain. Spine J. 2005;5:24-35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.spinee.2004.05.250
9. Childs JD, Fritz JM, Flynn TW, et al. A clinical prediction rule to identify patients with low back pain most likely to benefit from spinal manipulation: a validation study. Ann Intern Med. 2004;141:920-928.
10. Childs JD, Piva SR, Fritz JM. Responsiveness of the numeric pain rating scale in patients with low back pain. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2005;30:1331-1334.
11. Cleland JA, Childs JD, Fritz JM, Whitman JM, Eberhart SL. Development of a clinical prediction rule for guiding treatment of a subgroup of patients with neck pain: use of thoracic spine manipulation, exercise, and patient education. Phys Ther. 2007;87:9-23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2522/ptj.20060155
12. Crombez G, Vervaet L, Lysens R, Baeyens F, Eelen P. Avoidance and confrontation of painful, back-straining movements in chronic back pain patients. Behav Modif. 1998;22:62-77
13. Crombez G, Vlaeyen JW, Heuts PH, Lysens R. Pain-related fear is more disabling than pain itself: evidence on the role of painrelated fear in chronic back pain disability. Pain. 1999;80:329-339.
14. Davenport TE. How should we interpret measures of patients' fear of movement, injury, or reinjury in physical therapist practice? J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2008;38:584-585. http://dx.doi.org/10.2519/jospt.2008.0109
15. Elfving B, Andersson T, Grooten WJ. Low levels of physical activity in back pain patients are associated with high levels of fear-avoidance beliefs and pain catastrophizing. Physiother Res Int. 2007;12:14-24.
16. Fairbank JC. Use and abuse of Oswestry Disability Index. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2007;32:2787-2789. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/BRS.0b013e31815b9e9d
17. Fritz JM, Delitto A, Vignovic M, Busse RG. Interrater reliability of judgments of the centralization phenomenon and status change during movement testing in patients with low back pain. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2000;81:57-61.
18. Fritz JM, George SZ. Identifying psychosocial variables in patients with acute work-related low back pain: the importance of fear-avoidance beliefs. Phys Ther. 2002;82:973-983.
19. Fritz JM, George SZ, Delitto A. The role of fearavoidance beliefs in acute low back pain: relationships with current and future disability and work status. Pain. 2001;94:7-15.
20. Geisser ME, Haig AJ, Wallbom AS, Wiggert EA. Pain-related fear, lumbar flexion, and dynamic EMG among persons with chronic musculoskeletal low back pain. Clin J Pain. 2004;20:61-69.
21. George SZ, Fritz JM, Bialosky JE, Donald DA. The effect of a fear-avoidance-based physical therapy intervention for patients with acute low back pain: results of a randomized clinical trial. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2003;28:2551-2560. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01. BRS.0000096677.84605. A2
22. George SZ, Fritz JM, Childs JD. Investigation of elevated fear-avoidance beliefs for patients with low back pain: a secondary analysis involving patients enrolled in physical therapy clinical trials. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2008;38:50-58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2519/jospt.2008.2647
23. George SZ, Fritz JM, McNeil DW. Fear-avoidance beliefs as measured by the fear-avoidance beliefs questionnaire: change in fear-avoidance beliefs questionnaire is predictive of change in self-report of disability and pain intensity for patients with acute low back pain. Clin J Pain. 2006;22:197-203.
24. George SZ, Valencia C, Beneciuk JM. A psychometric investigation of fear-avoidance model measures in patients with chronic low back pain. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 40:197-205. http://dx.doi.org/10.2519/jospt.2010.3298
25. George SZ, Zeppieri G, Jr., Cere AL, et al. A randomized trial of behavioral physical therapy interventions for acute and sub-acute low back pain (NCT00373867). Pain. 2008;140:145-157 http://dx.doi.Org/10.1016/j.pain. 2008.07.029
26. Grevitt M, Pande K, O'Dowd J, Webb J. Do first impressions count? A comparison of subjective and psychologic assessment of spinal patients. Eur Spine J. 1998;7:218-223.
27. Haggman S, Maher CG, Refshauge KM. Screening for symptoms of depression by physical therapists managing low back pain. Phys Ther. 2004;84:1157-1166.
28. Hanley JA, McNeil BJ. The meaning and use of the area under a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Radiology. 1982;143:29-36.
29. Hart DL, Werneke MW, George SZ, et al. Screening for elevated levels of fear-avoidance beliefs regarding work or physical activities in people receiving outpatient therapy. Phys Ther. 2009;89:770-785. http://dx.doi.org/10.2522/ptj. 20080227
30. Hicks GE, Fritz JM, Delitto A, McGill SM. Preliminary development of a clinical prediction rule for determining which patients with low back pain will respond to a stabilization exercise program. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2005;86:1753-1762. http://dx.doi.Org/10.1016/j.apmr.2005.03.033
31. Hill JC, Dunn KM, Main CJ, Hay EM. Subgrouping low back pain: a comparison of the STarT Back Tool with the Orebro Musculoskeletal Pain Screening Questionnaire. Eur J Pain. 14:83-89. http://dx.doi.Org/10.1016/j. ejpain. 2009.01.003
32. Jellema P, van der Horst HE, Vlaeyen JW, Stalman WA, Bouter LM, van der Windt DA. Predictors of outcome in patients with (sub) acute low back pain differ across treatment groups. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2006;31:1699-1705. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.brs.0000224179.04964. aa
33. Jellema P, van der Windt DA, van der Horst HE, Blankenstein AH, Bouter LM, Stalman WA. Why is a treatment aimed at psychosocial factors not effective in patients with (sub) acute low back pain? Pain. 2005;118:350-359. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pain. 2005.09.002
34. Keefe FJ, Block A. Development of an observational method for assessing pain behavior in chronic low back pain patients. Behav Ther. 1982;13:363-375.
35. Keefe FJ, Hill RW. An objective approach to quantifying pain behavior and gait patterns in low back pain patients. Pain. 1985;21:153-161.
36. Keefe FJ, Wilkins RH, Cook WA. Direct observation of pain behavior in low back pain patients during physical examination. Pain. 1984;20:59-68.
37. Kernan T, Rainville J. Observed outcomes associated with a quota-based exercise approach on measures of kinesiophobia in patients with chronic low back pain. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2007;37:679-687. http://dx.doi.org/10.2519/ jospt.2007.2480
38. Klaber Moffett JA, Carr J, Howarth E. High fearavoiders of physical activity benefit from an exercise program for patients with back pain. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2004;29:1167-1172; discussion 1173.
39. Klenerman L, Slade PD, Stanley IM, et al. The prediction of chronicity in patients with an acute attack of low back pain in a general practice setting. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 1995;20:478-484.
40. Labus JS, Keefe FJ, Jensen MP. Self-reports of pain intensity and direct observations of pain behavior: when are they correlated? Pain. 2003;102:109-124.
41. Lethem J, Slade PD, Troup JD, Bentley G. Outline of a Fear-Avoidance Model of exaggerated pain perception-!. Behav Res Ther. 1983;21:401-408.
42. Mannion AF, Junge A, Taimela S, Muntener M, Lorenzo K, Dvorak J. Active therapy for chronic low back pain: part 3. Factors influencing selfrated disability and its change following therapy. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2001;26:920-929.
43. Martin BL, Deyo RA, Mirza SK, et al. Expenditures and health status among adults with back and neck problems. JAMA. 2008;299:656-664. http://dx.doi.Org/10.1001/jama.299.6.656
44. Osman A, Barrios FX, Kopper BA, Hauptmann W, Jones J, O'Neill E. Factor structure, reliability, and validity of the Pain Catastrophizing Scale. J Behav Med. 1997;20:589-605.
45. Pignone MP, Gaynes BN, Rushton JL, et al. Screening for depression in adults: a summary of the evidence for the U. S. Preventive Services Task Force. Ann Intern Med. 2002;136:765-776.
46. Poiraudeau S, Rannou F, Baron G, et al. Fear-avoidance beliefs about back pain in patients with subacute low back pain. Pain. 2006;124:305-311. http://dx.doi.Org/10.1016/j. pain. 2006.04.019
47. Prkachin KM, Hughes E, Schultz I, Joy P, Hunt D. Real-time assessment of pain behavior during clinical assessment of low back pain patients. Pain. 2002;95:23-30.
48. Roelofs J, Goubert L, Peters ML, Vlaeyen JW, Crombez G. The Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia: further examination of psychometric properties in patients with chronic low back pain and fibromyalgia. Eur J Pain. 2004;8:495-502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpain. 2003.11.016 (Pubitemid 39485774)
49. Smeets RJ, Vlaeyen JW, Kester AD, Knottnerus JA. Reduction of pain catastrophizing mediates the outcome of both physical and cognitivebehavioral treatment in chronic low back pain. J Pain. 2006;7:261-271. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1016/j.jpain. 2005.10.011
50. Solomon PE, Prkachin KM, Farewell V. Enhancing sensitivity to facial expression of pain. Pain. 1997;71:279-284.
51. Spitzer RL, Williams JB, Kroenke K, et al. Utility of a new procedure for diagnosing mental disorders in primary care. The PRIME-MD 1000 study. JAMA. 1994;272:1749-1756.
52. Sullivan MJ, Bishop S, Pivik J. The Pain Catastrophizing Scale. Development and validation. Psychol Assess. 1995;7:524-532.
53. Sullivan MJ, Thorn B, Rodgers W, Ward LC. Path model of psychological antecedents to pain experience: experimental and clinical findings. Clin J Pain. 2004;20:164-173.
54. Swinkels-Meewisse EJ, Swinkels RA, Verbeek AL, Vlaeyen JW, Oostendorp RA. Psychometric properties of the Tampa Scale for kinesiophobia and the fear-avoidance beliefs questionnaire in acute low back pain. Man Ther. 2003;8:29-36.
55. Swinkels-Meewisse IE, Roelofs J, Verbeek AL, Oostendorp RA, Vlaeyen JW. Fear-avoidance beliefs, disability, and participation in workers and non-workers with acute low back pain. Clin J Pain. 2006;22:45-54.
56. Thomas EN, Pers YM, Mercier G, et al. The importance of fear, beliefs, catastrophizing and kinesiophobia in chronic low back pain rehabilitation. Ann Phys Rehabil Med. 53:3-14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rehab.2009.11.002
57. Van Damme S, Crombez G, Bijttebier P, Goubert L, Van Houdenhove B. A confirmatory factor analysis of the Pain Catastrophizing Scale: invariant factor structure across clinical and non-clinical populations. Pain. 2002;96:319-324.
58. Vlaeyen JW, Kole-Snijders AM, Boeren RG, van Eek H. Fear of movement/(re) injury in chronic low back pain and its relation to behavioral performance. Pain. 1995;62:363-372.
59. Vlaeyen JW, Linton SJ. Fear-avoidance and its consequences in chronic musculoskeletal pain: a state of the art. Pain. 2000;85:317-332.
60. Waddell G, McCulloch JA, Kummel E, Venner RM. Nonorganic physical signs in low-back pain. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 1980;5:117-125.
61. Waddell G, Newton M, Henderson I, Somerville D, Main CJ. A Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire (FABQ) and the role of fear-avoidance beliefs in chronic low back pain and disability. Pain. 1993;52:157-168.
62. Waddell G, Richardson J. Observation of overt pain behaviour by physicians during routine clinical examination of patients with low back pain. J Psychosom Res. 1992;36:77-87
63. Waddell G, Somerville D, Henderson I, Newton M. Objective clinical evaluation of physical impairment in chronic low back pain. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 1992;17:617-628.
64. Woby SR, Watson RJ, Roach NK, Urmston M. Coping strategy use: does it predict adjustment to chronic back pain after controlling for catastrophic thinking and self-efficacy for pain control? J Rehabil Med. 2005;37:100-107 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/16501970410021535
65. Zalon ML. Nurses' assessment of postoperative patients' pain. Pain. 1993;54:329-334.