Family emotion socialization and affective distress in Asian American and White American College Students

Asian American Journal of Psychology

Volumn 1, Issue 2, 2010, Pages 81-92

  Saw, Anne ^a   Okazaki, Sumie ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT URBANA CHAMPAIGN   (United States)

^b NEW YORK UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Asian American; Distress; Emotion; Families; Socialization

Indexed keywords

EID: 78650135492     PISSN: 19481985     EISSN: 19481993     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1037/a0019638     Document Type: Article

References (41)

1. Allport, G. W. (1961). Patterns and growth in per-sonality. New York: Holt, Rinehart, & Winston.
2. American Psychiatric Association. (1994). Diagnos-tic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed.). Washington, DC: Author.
3. Beck, A. T., Steer, R. A., & Brown, G. K. (1996). BDI-II manual. San Antonio, TX: Psychological Corporation.
4. Berenbaum, H., & James. T. (1994). Correlates and retrospectively reported antecedents of alexithymia. Psychosomatic Medicine, 56, 353-359.
5. Butler, E. A., Lee, T. L., & Gross, J. J. (2007). Emotion regulation and culture: Are the social consequences of emotion suppression culture-specific? Emotion, 7, 30-48.
6. Butler, E. A., Lee, T. L., & Gross, J. J. (2009). Does expressing your emotions raise or lower your blood pressure? The answer depends on cultural context. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 40, 510-517.
7. Chao, R. K. (1994). Beyond parental control and authoritarian parenting style: Understanding Chi-nese parenting through the cultural notion of training. Child Development, 65, 1111-1120.
8. Chen, X., Hastings, P. D., Rubin, K. H., Chen, H., Cen, G., & Stewart, S. L. (1998). Child-rearing attitudes and behavioral inhibition in Chinese and Canadian toddlers: A cross-cultural study. Developmental Psychology, 34, 677-686.
9. Eisenberg, N., Cumberland, A., & Spinrad, T. L. (1998). Parental socialization of emotion. Psycho-logical Inquiry, 9, 241-273.
10. First, M. B., Spitzer, R. L., Gibbon, M., & Williams, J. B. W. (2002). Structured clinical interview for DSM-IV-TR Axis I Disorders, Research Version, non-patient edition. (SCID-I/NP). New York: Bi-ometrics Research, New York State Psychiatric Institute.
11. Garner, P. W., Robertson, S., & Smith, G. (1997). Preschool children's emotional expressions with peers: The roles of gender and emotion socializa-tion. Sex Roles, 36, 675-691. (Pubitemid 127360249)
12. Garside, R. B., & Klimes-Dugan, B. (2002). Social-ization of discrete negative emotions: Gender dif-ferences and links with psychological distress. Sex Roles, 47, 115-128.
13. Gottman, J. M., Katz, L. F., & Hooven, C. (1996). Parental meta-emotion philosophy and the Emotional life of families: Theoretical models and pre-liminary data. Journal of Family Psychology, 10, 243-268.
14. Gross, J. J., & John, O. (2003). Individual differences in two emotion regulation processes: Implications for affect, relationships, and well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 85, 348-362.
15. Gross, J. J., & Levenson, R. W. (1997). Hiding feelings: The acute effects of inhibiting negative and positive emotion. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 106, 95-103.
16. Halberstadt, A. G., Crisp, V. W., & Eaton, K. L. (1999). Family expressiveness: A retrospective and new directions for research. In P. Philippot, R. S. Feldman, & E. J. Coats (Eds.), The social context of nonverbal behavior. (pp. 109-155). New York: Cambridge University Press.
17. Hill, C. E., Thompson, B. J., & Williams, E. N. (1997). A guide to conducting consensual qualita-tive research. The Counseling Psychologist, 25, 517-572.
18. John, O. P., & Gross, J. J. (2004). Healthy and unhealthy emotional regulation: Personality pro-cesses, individual differences, and life span development. Journal of Personality, 72, 1301-1334.
19. Kao, E., Nagata, D., & Peterson, C. (1997). Explan-atory style, family expressiveness, and self-esteem among Asian American and European American college students. Journal of Social Psychology, 137, 435-444.
20. Kench, S., & Irwin, H. J. (2000). Alexithymia and childhood family environment. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 56, 737-745.
21. Lee, M. R., Okazaki, S., & Yoo, H. C. (2006). Frequency and intensity of social anxiety in Asian Americans and European Americans. Cultural Di-versity & Ethnic Minority Psychology, 12, 291-305.
22. Nam, V. (Ed.). (2001). Yell-oh girls! New York: HarperCollins.
23. Okazaki, S. (2002). Self-other agreement on affective distress scales in Asian Americans and White Americans. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 49, 428-437.
24. Okazaki, S., & Kallivayalil, D. (2002). Cultural norms and subjective disability as predictors of symptom reports among Asian Americans and White Americans. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 33, 482-491.
25. Okazaki, S., Liu, J. F., Longworth, S. L., & Minn, J. Y. (2002). Asian American-White American differences in expressions of social anxiety: A replication and extension. Cultural Diversity & Ethnic Minority Psychology, 8, 234-247.
26. Ponterotto, J. G., Baluch, S., & Carielli, D. (1998). The Suinn-Lew Asian Self-Identity Acculturation Scale (SL-ASIA): Critique and research recom-mendations. Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development, 31, 109-124. (Pubitemid 128107710)
27. Pyke, K. (2000). "The normal American family" as an interpretive structure of family life among grown children of Korean and Vietnamese immi-grants. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 62, 240-255.
28. Soldz, S. (1990). The therapeutic interaction. In R. A. Wells & V. J. Gianetti (Eds.), Handbook of the brief psychotherapies (pp. 27-53). New York: Plenum Press.
29. Stake, R. E. (2000). Case studies. In N. K. Denzin & Y. S. Lincoln (Eds.), Handbook of qualitative re-search (2nd ed., pp. 435-454). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
30. Suinn, R. M., Ahuna, C., & Khoo, G. (1992). The Suinn-Lew Asian Self-Identity Acculturation Scale: Concurrent and factorial validation. Educational & Psychological Measurement, 52, 1041-1046.
31. Tsai, J. L., Chentsova-Dutton, Y., Friere-Bebeau, L., & Przymus, D. E. (2002). Emotional expression and physiology in European Americans and among Americans. Emotion, 2, 380-397.
32. Tsai, J. L., Knutson, B., & Fung, H. H. (2006). Cultural variation in affect valuation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 90, 288-307.
33. Tsai, J. L., & Levenson, R. W. (1997). Cultural influences of emotional responding: Chinese American and European American dating couples during interpersonal conflict. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 28, 600-625.
34. Tsai, J. L., Louie, J., Chen, E. E., & Uchida, Y. (2007). Learning what feelings to desire: Social-ization of ideal affect through children's story-books. Personality and Social Psychology Bulle-tin, 33, 17-30.
35. Turner, S. M., Beidel, D. C., Dancu, C. B., & Stanley, M. A. (1989). An empirically derived inventory to measure social fears and anxiety: The Social Pho-bia and Anxiety Inventory. Psychological Assess-ment, 1, 35-40.
36. Wang, Q. (2001). "Did you have fun?": American and Chinese mother-child conversations about shared emotional experiences. Cognitive Development, 16, 693-715.
37. Wang, Q., & Conway, M. A. (2004). The stories we keep: Autobiographical memory in American and Chinese middle-aged adults. Journal of Personality, 72, 911-938.
38. Wu, F. H. (2002). Yellow: Race in America beyond black and white. New York: Basic Books.
39. Ying, Y., Coombs, M., & Lee, P. A. (1999). Family intergenerational relationship of Asian American adolescents. Cultural Diversity & Ethnic Minority Psychology, 5, 350-363.
40. Zahn-Waxler, C., Friedman, R. J., Cole, P. M., Mizuta, I., & Hiruma, N. (1996). Japanese and United States preschool children's responses to conflict and distress. Child Development, 67, 2462-2477.
41. Zia, H. (2000). Asian American dreams: The emer-gence of an American people. New York: Farrar, Straus & Giroux