Comment on processes for the direct conversion of cellulose or cellulosic biomass into levulinate esters

ChemSusChem

Volumn 3, Issue 12, 2010, Pages 1349-1351

  Mascal, Mark ^a   Nikitin, Edward B ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

biomass; cellulose; levulinic acid; renewable resources; sustainable chemistry

Indexed keywords

BIOMASS; ETHANOL;

CATALYST RECYCLABILITY; CELLULOSIC BIOMASS; DIRECT CONVERSION; LEVULINIC ACID; PRODUCT YIELDS; RENEWABLE RESOURCE; SIDE REACTIONS; SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY;

CELLULOSE;

CELLULOSE; LEVULINIC ACID; LEVULINIC ACID ETHYL ESTER; SULFONIC ACID DERIVATIVE;

ARTICLE; BIOMASS; CATALYSIS; CHEMISTRY; SYNTHESIS;

BIOMASS; CATALYSIS; CELLULOSE; LEVULINIC ACIDS; SULFONIC ACIDS;

EID: 78650124340     PISSN: 18645631     EISSN: 1864564X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201000326     Document Type: Review

References (15)

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9. Examples 3 and 4 are analogous to Example 1, except that butanol and 2-propanol are the alcohols used, respectively.
10. Hexose content analyzed at 55%.
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14. 13CNMR shifts of product identical in all respects to published data.
15. Note that, based on the reaction mechanism, ethyl formate should have been produced in this reaction in a yield equivalent to that of EL. Due to its low boiling point (54°C) relative to that of the ethanol solvent (78°C), no attempt was made here to quantify it. For an example of a related reaction in which both the levulinate and formate esters were isolated, see:, M. Mascal, E. B. Nikitin, Green Chem. 2010, 12, 370.