The river discontinuum: Applying beaver modifications to baseline conditions for restoration of forested headwaters

BioScience

Volumn 60, Issue 11, 2010, Pages 908-922

  Burchsted, Denise ^a   Daniels, Melinda ^b   Thorson, Robert ^a   Vokoun, Jason ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CONNECTICUT   (United States)

^b KANSAS STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

fluvial geomorphology; hierarchical patch dynamics; river continuum concept; river restoration; stream ecology

Indexed keywords

CASTOR CANADENSIS;

EID: 78650090076     PISSN: 00063568     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1525/bio.2010.60.11.7     Document Type: Article

References (64)

1. Ayllon F, Moran P, Garcia-Vazquez E. 2006. Maintenance of a small ana-dromous subpopulation of brown trout (Salmo trutta L.) by straying. Freshwater Biology 51: 351-358.
2. Ballantyne CK. 2002. Paraglacial geomorphology. Quaternary Science Reviews 21: 1935-2017.
3. Bartel RA, Haddad NM, Wright J P. 2010. Ecosystem engineers maintain a rare species of butterfy and increase plant diversity. Oikos 119: 883-890.
4. Benda L, Poff NL, Miller D, Dunne T, Reeves G, Pess GR, Pollock MM. 2004. The network dynamics hypothesis: How channel networks structure riverine habitats. BioScience 54: 413-427.
5. Benda L, Hassan MA, Church M, May CL. 2005. Geomorphology of steep-land headwaters: The transition from hillslopes to channels. Journal of the American Water Resources Association 41: 835-851.
6. Bernhardt ES, et al. 2005. Synthesizing U.S. river restoration efforts. Science 308: 636-637.
7. Burchsted D, Daniels MD, Thorson RM. 2009. Including beavers in the river restoration baseline. Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs 41: 102.
8. Burns DA, McDonnell JJ. 1998. Effects of a beaver pond on runoff processes: Comparison of two headwater catchments. Journal of Hydrology 205: 248-264.
9. Butler DR. 1995. The geomorphic infuence of beavers. Pages 148-182 in Butler DR, ed. Zoogeomorphology: Animals as Geomorphic Agents. Cambridge University Press.
10. Butler DR, Malanson G P. 2005. The geomorphic infuences of beaver dams and failures of beaver dams. Geomorphology 71: 48-60.
11. Church M. 2002. Geomorphic thresholds in riverine landscapes. Freshwater Biology 47: 541-557.
12. Collen P, Gibson RJ. 2000. The general ecology of beavers (Castor spp.), as related to their infuence on stream ecosystems and riparian habitats, and the subsequent effects on fsh: A review. Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries 10: 439-461.
13. Correll DL, Jordan TE, Weller DE. 2000. Beaver pond biogeochemical effects in the Maryland coastal plain. Biogeochemistry 49: 217-239.
14. [CTDEP] Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection 2000. Beaver (Castor canadensis). CTDEP Bureau of Natural Resources, Wildlife Division.
15. Doyle MW, Stanley EH, Harbor JM. 2002. Geomorphic analogies for assessing probable channel response to dam removal. Journal of the American Water Resources Association 38: 1567-1579.
16. [FISRWG] Federal Interagency Stream Restoration Working Group. 1998. Stream Corridor Restoration: Principles, Processes, and Practices. National Technical Information Service. GPO Item no. 0120-A.
17. Frissell CA, Liss WJ, Warren CE, Hurley MD. 1986. A hierarchical framework for stream habitat classifcation: Viewing streams in a watershed context. Environmental Management 10: 199-214.
18. Gerbersdorf SU, Jancke T, Westrich B, Paterson DM. 2008. Microbial stabilization of riverine sediments by extracellular polymeric substances. Geobiology 6: 57-69.
19. Howard RJ, Larson JS. 1985. A stream habitat classifcation system for beaver. Journal of Wildlife Management 49: 19-25.
20. Ives RL. 1942. The beaver-meadow complex. Journal of Geomorphology 5: 191-203.
21. John S, Klein A. 2004. Hydrogeomorphic effects of beaver dams on food-plain morphology: Avulsion processes and sediment fuxes in upland valley foors (Spessart, Germany). Quaternaire 15: 219-231.
22. Johnston CA, Naiman RJ. 1987. Boundary dynamics of the aquatic-terrestrial interface: The infuence of beaver and geomorphology. Landscape Ecology 1: 47-57.
23. Johnston CA, Pinay G, Arens C, Naiman RJ. 1995. Infuence of soil properties on the biogeochemistry of a beaver meadow hydrosequence. Soil Science Society of America Journal 59: 1789-1799.
24. Jones CG, Lawton JH, Shachak M. 1994. Organisms as ecosystem engineers. Oikos 69: 373-386.
25. Junk WJ, Bayley PB, Sparks RE. 1989. The food pulse concept in river-foodplain systems. Pages 110-127 in Dodge DP, ed. Proceedings of the International Large River Symposium. Department of Fisheries and Oceans Canada.
26. Kondolf GM, et al. 2006. Process-based ecological river restoration: Visualizing three-dimensional connectivity and dynamic vectors to recover lost linkages. Ecology and Society 11: 5.
27. Lichatowich JA. 1999. Salmon without Rivers: A History of the Pacifc Salmon Crisis. Island Press.
28. Lowry MM. 1993. Groundwater elevations and temperature adjacent to a beaver pond in central Oregon. Master's thesis. Oregon State University, Corvallis.
29. Magurran AE. 2009. Threats to freshwater fsh. Science 325: 1215-1216.
30. McDowell DM, Naiman RJ. 1986. Structure and function of a benthic invertebrate stream community as infuenced by beaver (Castor canadensis). Oecologia 68: 481-489.
31. Menninger HL, Palmer MA. 2007. Herbs and grasses as an allochthonous resource in open-canopy headwater streams. Freshwater Biology 52: 1689-1699.
32. Meyer JL, Strayer DL, Wallace JB, Eggert SL, Helfman GS, Loenard NE. 2007. The contribution of headwater streams to biodiversity in river networks. Journal of the American Water Resources Association 43: 86-103.
33. Montgomery DR. 1999. Process domains and the river continuum. Journal of the American Water Resources Association 35: 397-410.
34. Montgomery DR, Buffngton JM. 1997. Channel-reach morphology in mountain drainage basins. Geological Society of America Bulletin 109: 596-611.
35. Müller-Schwarze D, Sun L. 2003. The Beaver: Natural History of a Wetlands Engineer. Cornell University Press.
36. Naiman RJ, Rogers KH. 1997. Large animals and system-level characteristics in river corridors. BioScience 47: 521-529.
37. Naiman RJ, Melillo JM, Hobbie JE. 1986. Ecosystem alteration of boreal forest streams by beaver (Castor canadensis). Ecology 67: 1254-1269.
38. Naiman RJ, Johnston CA, Kelley JC. 1988. Alteration of North American streams by beaver. BioScience 38: 753-762.
39. Naiman RJ, Pinay G, Johnston CA, Pastor J. 1994. Beaver infuences on the long-term biogeochemical characteristics of boreal forest drainage networks. Ecology 75: 905-921.
40. Palmer MA. 2009. Reforming watershed restoration: Science in need of application and applications in need of science. Estuaries and Coasts 32: 1-17.
41. Palmer MA, Menninger HL, Bernhardt E. 2010. River restoration, habitat heterogeneity and biodiversity: A failure of theory or practice? Freshwater Biology 55: 205-222.
42. Persico L, Meyer G. 2009. Holocene beaver damming, fuvial geomorphology, and climate in Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming. Quaternary Research 71: 340-353.
43. Pizzuto JE. 2002. Effects of dam removal on river form and process. BioScience 52: 683-691.
44. Poff NL, Hart DD. 2002. How dams vary and why it matters for the emerging science of dam removal. BioScience 52: 659-668.
45. Poff NL, Allan JD, Bain MB, Karr JR, Prestegaard KL, Richter BD, Sparks RE, Stromberg JC. 1997. The natural fow regime: A paradigm for river conservation and restoration. BioScience 47: 769-784.
46. Pollock MM, Heim M, Werner D. 2003. Hydrologic and geomorphic effects of beaver dams and their infuence on fshes. American Fisheries Society Symposium 37: 213-233.
47. Poole GC. 2002. Fluvial landscape ecology: Addressing uniqueness within the river discontinuum. Freshwater Biology 47: 641-660.
48. Pringle CM, Naiman RJ, Bretschko G, Karr JR, Oswood MW, Webster JR, Welcomme RL, Winterbourn MJ. 1988. Patch dynamics in lotic systems: The stream as a mosaic. Journal of the North American Benthological Society 7: 503-524.
49. Pullen TM. 1971. Some effects of beaver (Castor canadensis) and beaver pond management on the ecology and utilization of fsh populations along warm-water streams in Georgia and South Carolina. PhD dissertation. University of Georgia, Athens.
50. Rosell F, Bozser O, Collen P, Parker H. 2005. Ecological impact of beavers Castor fber and Castor canadensis and their ability to modify ecosystems. Mammal Review 35: 248-276.
51. Schumm S. 1977. The Fluvial System. Wiley.
52. Snodgrass JW, Meffe GK. 1998. Infuence of beavers on stream fsh assemblages: Effects of pond age and watershed position. Ecology 79: 928-942.
53. Stanford JA, Ward JV. 1993. An ecosystem perspective of alluvial rivers: Connectivity and the hyporheic corridor. Journal of the North American Benthological Society 12: 48-60.
54. Stanford JA, Lorang MS, Hauer FR. 2005. The shifting habitat mosaic of river ecosystems. Verhandlungen der Internationalen Vereinigung für Theoretische und Angewandte Limnologie 29: 123-136.
55. Terwilliger J, Pastor J. 1999. Small mammals, ectomychorrhizae, and conifer succession in beaver meadows. Oikos 85: 83-94.
56. Thorson RM. 2009. Beyond Walden: The Hidden History of America's Kettle Lakes and Ponds. Brown Walker Press.
57. Vannote RL, Minshall GW, Cummins KW, Sedell JR, Cushing CE. 1980. The river continuum concept. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science 37: 130-137.
58. Walter RC, Merritts DJ. 2008. Natural streams and the legacy of water-powered mills. Science 319: 299-304.
59. Ward JV, Stanford JA. 1983. The serial discontinuity concept of lotic ecosystems. Pages 29-42 in Fontaine TD, Bartell SM, eds. Dynamics of Lotic Ecosystems. Ann Arbor Scientifc Publishers.
60. Wohl E. 2005. Compromised rivers: Understanding historical human impacts on rivers in the context of restoration. Ecology and Society 10: 2.
61. Wright JP, Flecker AS, Jones CG. 2002. An ecosystem engineer, the beaver, increases species richness at the landscape scale. Oecologia 132: 96-101.
62. - 2003. Local vs. landscape controls on plant species richness in beaver meadows. Ecology 84: 3162-3173.
63. Wright J P, Jones CG, Gurney WSC. 2004. Patch dynamics in a landscape modifed by ecosystem engineers. Oikos 105: 336-348.
64. Wu J, Loucks OL. 1995. From balance of nature to hierarchical patch dynamics: A paradigm shift in ecology. Quarterly Review of Biology 70: 439-466.