Small mammals, ectomycorrhizae, and conifer succession in beaver meadows

Oikos

Volumn 85, Issue 1, 1999, Pages 83-94

  Terwilliger, John ^a   Pastor, John ^a,b  

^a Vermilion Community College   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA DULUTH   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CONIFEROUS TREE; DISPERSAL; ECTOMYCORRHIZA; LIMITING FACTOR; MEADOW; RODENT; SPORE; SUCCESSION;

MINNESOTA; UNITED STATES;

ANIMALIA; BACTERIA (MICROORGANISMS); CASTOR CANADENSIS; CASTOR FIBER; CLETHRIONOMYS GAPPERI; CONIFERALES; CONIFEROPHYTA; FUNGI; MAMMALIA; MURIDAE; MYCORRHIZAE; PICEA MARIANA; RODENTIA;

EID: 0032941903     PISSN: 00301299     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2307/3546794     Document Type: Article

References (86)

1. Ahigren, C. E. 1966. Small mammals and reforestation following prescribed burning. - J. For. 64: 614-617.
2. Allen, M. F. 1987. Re-establishment of mycorrhizas on Mount St. Helen: migration vectors. - Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc. 88: 413-417.
3. Allen, M. F. 1991. The ecology of mycorrhizae. Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge.
4. Arlidge, J. W. 1967. The durability of scarified seedbeds for spruce regeneration. - BC. For. Serv. Res. Note 42.
5. Baker, D. G. and Kuehnast, E. L. 1978. Climate of Minnesota. Part 10. Precipitation normals for Minnesota: 1941-1970. - Tech. Bull. 314. Univ. Minn. Agric. Exp. Sta., St. Paul, MN.
6. Baker, D. G., Kuehnast, E. L. and Zandlo, J. A. 1985. Climate of Minnesota. Part 15. Normal Temperatures (1951-1980) and their application. - Tech. Bull. AD-SB-2777. Univ. Minn. Agric. Exp. Sta., St. Paul, MN.
7. Brewer, R. 1994. The science of ecology. Saunders, New York.
8. Browning, M. H. R. and Whitney, R. D. 1991. Responses of jack pine and black spruce seedlings to innoculation with selected species of ectomycorrhizal fungi. Can. J. For. Res. 21: 701-706.
9. Browning, M. H. R. and Whitney, R. D. 1992. Field performance of black spruce and jack pine inoculated with selected species of ectomycorrhizal fungi. - Can. J. For. Res. 22: 1974-1982.
10. Browning, M. H. R. and Whitney, R. D. 1993. Infection of containerized jackpine and black spruce by Laccaria species and Thelephora terrestris and seedling survival and growth after outplanting. - Can. J. For. Res. 23: 330-333.
11. Butler, D. R. 1986. Conifer invasion of subalpine meadows, central Lemhi Mountains, Idaho. - Northwest Sci. 60: 166-173.
12. Butters, F. K. and Abbe, E. C. 1953. A floristic study of Cook county, northeastern Minnesota. - Rhodora 55: 21-55.
13. Castellano, M. A. 1994. Current status of outplanting studies using ectomycorrhizae-innoculated forest trees. - In: Pfleger, F. and Linderman, R. (eds), Mycorrhizae and plant health. APS Press, St. Paul, MN.
14. Castellano, M. A., Trappe, J. M., Maser Z. and Maser, C. 1989. Key to the spores of the genera of hypogeous fungi of north temperate forests with special reference to animal mycophagy. - Mad River Press, Eureka, CA.
15. Christiansen, M. and Allen, M. F. 1980. Effect of VA mycorrhizae on water stress tolerance and hormone balance in native western plant species. 1979 Final Report to RMIEE. Laramie, WY.
16. Claridge, A. W., Tanton, M. T., Sheebeck, J. H. Cork, S. J. and Cunningham, R. B. 1992. Establishment of ectomycorrhizae on the roots of two species of Eucalyptus from fungal spores contained in the faeces of the long-nosed potoroo (Potorous tridactylus). Aust. J. Ecol. 17: 207-217.
17. Clements, F. E. 1916. Plant succession: an analysis of the development of vegetation. Carnegie Inst., Washington.
18. Clough, G. C. 1964. Local distribution of two voles: evidence for interspecific interactions. Can. Field-Nat. 78: 80-89.
19. Curtis, J. P. 1959. The vegetation of Wisconsin. - Univ. of Wisconsin Press, Madison, WI.
20. Doudrick, R. L., Stewart, E. L. and Alm, A. A. 1990. Survey and ecological aspects of presumed ectomycorrhizal fungi associated with black spruce in Northern Minnesota. Can. J. Bot. 68: 825-831.
21. Fogel, R. 1976. Ecological studies of hypogeous fungi. II. Sporocarp phenology in a western Oregon Douglas-fir stand. - Can. J. Bot. 54: 1152-1162.
22. Fowells, H. A. 1965. Silvics of forest trees of the United States. - Agriculture handbook 271 Forest Service, USDA, Washington.
23. Gagnon, J., Langois, C. G. and Fortin, J. A. 1987. Growth of containerized jack pine seedlings inoculated with different ectomycorrhizal fungi under a controlled fertilization schedule. - Can. J. For. Res. 17: 840-845.
24. Grant, P. R. 1969. Experimental studies of competitive interaction in a two species system. I. Microtus and Clethrionomys species in enclosures. - Can. J. Zool. 47: 1059-1082.
25. Gunderson, H. L. 1959. Red-backed vole habitat studies in central Minnesota. - J. Mammal. 40: 405-412.
26. Hadley, J. L. and Smith, W. K. 1986. Wind effects on needles of timberline conifers: seasonal influence on mortality. -Ecology 67: 12-19.
27. Hammerson, G. A. 1994. Beaver (Castor canadensis): ecosystem alterations, management, and monitoring. Nat. Areas J. 14: 44-57.
28. Harley, J. L. 1959. The biology of mycorrhiza. Leonard Hill, London.
29. Harley, J. L. and Smith, S. E. 1983. Mycorrhizal symbiosis. Academic Press, London.
30. Heinselman, M. 1973. Fire in the virgin forests of the Boundary Waters Canoe Area, Minnesota. Quat. Res. 3: 329-382.
31. Heinselman, M. 1996. The boundary waters wilderness ecosystem. - Univ. of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis, MN.
32. Hovde, M. R. 1941. Climate of Minnesota. In: Climate and Man. Yearb. Agric., U.S. Govt. Print. Off., Washington, pp. 925-934.
33. Howard, R. J. and Larson, J. S. 1985. A stream habitat classification system for beaver. - J. Wildl. Manage. 49: 19-25.
34. Iverson, S. L. and Turner, B. N. 1972. Winter coexistence of Clethrionomys gapperi and Microtus pennsylvanicus in a grassland habitat. - Am. Midl. Nat. 88: 440-445.
35. Ives, R. L. 1942. The beaver-meadow complex. - J. Geomorphol. 5: 191-203.
36. Iyer, J. G., Corey, R. B. and Wilde, S. A. 1980. Mycorrhizae: facts and fallacies. J. Arboricult. 6: 213-220.
37. Jakubos, B. and Romme, W. H. 1993. Invasion of subalpine meadows by lodgepole pine in Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, USA. Arct. Alp. Res. 25: 382-390.
38. Jenkins, S. H. and Busher, P. E. 1979. Castor canadensis. Mammal. Species 20: 1-9.
39. Johnston, C. A. and Naiman, R. J. 1990a. Browse selection by beaver: effects on riparian forest composition. - Can. J. For. Res. 20: 1036-1043.
40. Johnston, C. A. and Naiman, R. J. 1990b. The use of a geographic information system to analyze long-term landscape alteration by beaver. - Landsc. Ecol. 4: 5-19.
41. Johnston, C. A. and Naiman, R. J. 1990c. Aquatic patch creation in relation to beaver population trends. Ecology 71: 1617-1621.
42. Kotter, M. M. and Farentinos, R. C. 1984. Formation of Ponderosa pine ectomycorrhizae after innoculation with feces of the tassel-eared squirrel. - Mycologia 76: 758-760.
43. Krebs, C. J. and Meyers, J. H. 1974. Population cycles in small mammals. - Adv. Ecol. Res. 8: 267-399.
44. Lodge, D. J. 1989. The influence of soil moisture and flooding on formation of VA-endo and ectomycorrhizae in Populus and Salix. - Plant Soil 117: 243-253.
45. Lorio, P. L., Howe, V. K. and Martin, C. N. 1972. Loblolly pine rooting varies with microrelief on wet sites. - Ecology 53: 1134-1140.
46. McAfee, B. J. and Fortin, J. A. 1989. Ectomycorrhizal colonization on black spruce and jack pine seedlings outplanted in reforestation sites. Plant Soil 116: 9-17.
47. Martell, A. M. 1981. Food habits of southern red-backed voles (Clethrionomys gapperi) in northern Ontario. Can. Field-Nat. 95: 325-328.
48. Martell, A. M. and Macaulay, A. L. 1981. Food habits of deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) in northern Ontario. -Can. Field-Nat. 95: 319-324.
49. Maser, C. and Maser, Z. 1988. Mycophagy of red-backed voles, Clethrionomys californicus and C. gapperi. - Great Basin Nat. 48: 269-273.
50. Maser, C., Trappe, J. M. and Nussbaum, R. 1978. Fungal-small mammal interrelationships with emphasis on Oregon coniferous forests. Ecology 59: 799-809.
51. Marx, D. H. and Barnett, J. P. 1974. Mycorrhizae and containerized forest tree seedlings. In: Tinus, R. W., Stein, W. L. and Balmer, W. E. (eds), Proceedings of North American Containerized Forest Tree Seedling Symposium. Great Plains Agric. Counc. Publ. 68:85-92.
52. Merriam, C. H. 1898. Life zones and crop zones of the United States. Bull. US Bureau Biol. Surv. 10: 1-79.
53. Merritt, J. F. 1981. Clethrionomys gapperi. - Mammal. Species 146: 1-9.
54. Meyer, F. H. 1973 Distribution of ectomycorrhizae in native and manmade forests. - In: Marks, G. C. and Koziowski, T. T. (eds), Ectomycorrhizae: their ecology and physiology. Academic Press, New York.
55. Miller, D. H. and Getz, L. L. 1977. Factors influencing local distribution and species diversity of forest small mammals in New England. - Can. J. Zool. 55: 806-814.
56. Miller, O. K. 1982. Taxonomy of ecto-and endomycorrhizal fungi. - In: Schenk, N. C. (ed.), Methods and principles of mycorrhizal research. American Phytopathological Society Press, St. Paul, MN, pp. 91-102.
57. Miller, S. L. 1985. Rodent pellets as ectomycorrhizal innoculum for two Tuber ssp. - In: Molina, R. (ed.), Proc. 6th N. Amer. Conf. Mycorrhizae. Forest Research Lab., Corvallis, OR, p. 273.
58. Molina, R. 1979. Ectomycorrhizal inoculation of containerized Douglas-fir and lodgepole pine seedlings with six isolates of Pisolithus tinctorius. For. Sci. 25: 585-590.
59. Morgan, L. H. 1868. The American beaver and his works. - J. B. Lippincott, Philadelphia, PA.
60. Myster, R. W. 1993. Tree invasion and establishment in old fields at Hutcheson Memorial Forest. - Bot. Rev. 59: 251-272.
61. Naiman, R. J., Johnston, C. A. and Kelly, J. C. 1988. Alteration of North American streams by beaver. - Bioscience 38: 753-762.
62. Naiman, R. J., Pinay, G., Johnston, C. A. and Pastor, J. 1994. Beaver influences on the long-term biogeochemical characteristics of boreal forest drainage networks. - Ecology 75: 905-921.
63. Navratil, S., Philips, J. and Wynia, A. 1981. Jack pine seedling performance improved by Pisolithus tinctorius. - For. Chron. 57: 212-217.
64. Ohmann, L. F. and Ream, R. 1971. Wilderness ecology: virgin plant communities of the Boundary Waters Canoe Area. - U.S. For. Serv. Res. Pap. NC-63. N. Cent. For. Exp. Sta., St. Paul, MN.
65. Ojakangas, R. W. and Matsch, C. L. 1982. Minnesota's geolocy. Univ. Minn. Press, Minneapolis, MN.
66. Osffeld, R. S. and Canham, C. D. 1993. Effects of meadow vole population density on tree seedling survival in old fields. - Ecology 74: 1792-1801.
67. Pastor, J. and Mladenoff, D. J. 1992. The southern boreal-northern hardwood forest border. - In: Shugart, H. H., Leemans, R. and Bonan, G. B. (eds), A systems analysis of the global boreal forest. Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, pp. 216-240.
68. Pastor, J., Bonde, J., Johnston, C. and Naiman, R. J. 1993. Markovian analysis of the spatially dependent dynamics of beaver ponds. In: Gardner, R. H. (ed.), Some mathematical questions in biology: predicting spatial effects in ecological systems. American Mathematical Society, Providence, RI.
69. Pastor, J., Dewey, B. and Christian, D. P. 1996. Carbon and nutrient mineralization and fungal spore composition of fecal pellets from voles in Minnesota. - Ecography 19: 1-10.
70. Rosendahl, R. O. and Wilde, S. A. 1942. Occurrence of ectotrophic mycorrhizal fungi in soils of cutover areas and dunes. - Bull. Soc. Ecol. Am. 23: 73-74.
71. Rudemann, R. and Schoonmaker, W. J. 1938. Beaver dams as geologic agents. Science 88: 523-525.
72. Ruehle, J. L. 1982. Field performance of container-grown loblolly pine seedlings with specific ectomycorrhizae on a reforestation site in South Carolina. - South. J. Appl. For. 6: 30-33.
73. SAS Institute. 1995. SAS User's guide version 3.1 JMP. SAS Inst., Cary, NC.
74. Slankis, V. 1974. Soil factors influencing formation of mycorrhizae. - Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. 12: 437-457.
75. Smith, C. F. and Aldous, S. E. 1947. The influence of mammals and birds in retarding artificial and natural reseeding of coniferous forests in the United States. J. For. 45: 361-369.
76. Stenstrom, E. 1991. The effects of flooding on the formation of ectomycorrhizae in Pinus sylvestris seedlings. - Plant Soil 131: 247-250.
77. Stiell, W. M. 1976. White Spruce: artificial regeneration in Canada. - Dept. Environ. Can. For. Serv., Ottawa Ont. Inf. Rep. FMR-X-85.
78. Taitt, M. J. and Krebs, C. J. 1985. Population dynamics and cycles. - In: Tamarin, R. H. (ed.), Biology of New World Microtus. Am. Soc. Mammal. Spec. Publ. 8.
79. Tester, J. R. 1995. Minnesota's natural heritage. - Univ. Minnesota Press, Minneapolis, MN.
80. Trappe, J. M. and Maser, C. 1976. Germination of spores of Glomus macrocarpus (Endogonaceae) after passage through a rodent digestive tract. Mycologia 68: 433-436.
81. Turner, B. N., Perrin, M. R. and Iverson, S. L. 1975. Winter coexistence of voles in spruce forest: relevance of seasonal changes in aggression. - Can. J. Zool. 53: 1004-1011.
82. Ure, D. C. and Maser, C. 1982. Mycophagy of red-backed voles in Oregon and Washington. - Can. J. Zool. 60: 3307-3315.
83. Wilcox, H. E. 1991. Morphology and development of ectoand ectendomycorrhizae. In: Schenk, N. C. (ed.), Methods and principles of mycorrhizal research. American Phytopathological Society Press, St. Paul, MN.
84. Wilde, S. A. 1958. Forest soils. - Ronald Press, New York.
85. Wilde, S. A., Youngberg, C. T. and Hovind, J. H. 1950. Changes in the composition of groundwater, soil fertility, and forest growth produced by the construction and removal of beaver dams. - J. Wildl. Manage. 14: 122-128.
86. Williams, O. 1959. Food habits of the deer mouse. - J. Mammal. 40: 415-419.