메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 25, Issue 1, 2011, Pages 1-15

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: Pathophysiology, diagnosis and management

Author keywords

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; Analgesics, therapeutic use; Antidepressants, therapeutic use; Antispastics, therapeutic use; Benzodiazepines, therapeutic use; Botulinum toxin, therapeutic use; Central nervous system stimulants, therapeutic use; Cholinergic receptor antagonists, therapeutic use; Dextromethorphan, therapeutic use; Hypnosedatives, therapeutic use; Riluzole, therapeutic use.

Indexed keywords

ALPHA TOCOPHEROL; AMANTADINE; AMFEBUTAMONE; AMITRIPTYLINE; ATROPINE; BACLOFEN; BENZODIAZEPINE DERIVATIVE; BUSPIRONE; DANTROLENE; DIAZEPAM; DIPHENHYDRAMINE; FLUOXETINE; GLYCOPYRRONIUM BROMIDE; LORAZEPAM; METHYLPHENIDATE; MIRTAZAPINE; MODAFINIL; OXYBUTYNIN; PEMOLINE; PHENYTOIN; PLACEBO; PNEUMOCOCCUS VACCINE; PYRIDOSTIGMINE; RILUZOLE; SCOPOLAMINE; SEROTONIN UPTAKE INHIBITOR; TIZANIDINE; TOLTERODINE; TRICYCLIC ANTIDEPRESSANT AGENT; UNINDEXED DRUG; VENLAFAXINE;

EID: 78649816445     PISSN: 11727047     EISSN: 11791934     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2165/11586000-000000000-00000     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (78)

References (82)
  • 2
    • 0035978743 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
    • May 31
    • Rowland LP, Shneider NA. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. N Engl J Med 2001 May 31; 344 (22): 1688-700.
    • (2001) N Engl J Med , vol.344 , Issue.22 , pp. 1688-700
    • Rowland, L.P.1    Shneider, N.A.2
  • 3
    • 0034650153 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Population- based case-control study of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in western Washington state. I. Cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption
    • Nelson LM, McGuire V, Longstreth WT, et al. Population- based case-control study of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in western Washington state: I. Cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption. Am J Epidemiol 2000; 151: 156-63.
    • (2000) Am J Epidemiol , vol.151 , pp. 156-63
    • Nelson, L.M.1    McGuire, V.2    Longstreth, W.T.3
  • 4
    • 10744223351 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Occurrence of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis among Gulf War veterans
    • Horner RD, Kamins KG, Feussner JR, et al. Occurrence of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis among Gulf War veterans. Neurology 2003; 61: 742-9.
    • (2003) Neurology , vol.61 , pp. 742-9
    • Horner, R.D.1    Kamins, K.G.2    Feussner, J.R.3
  • 5
    • 65249103010 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Smoking and risk for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: Analysis of the EPIC cohort
    • Gallo V, Bueno-De-Mesquita HB, Vermeulen R, et al. Smoking and risk for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: analysis of the EPIC cohort. Ann Neurol 2009; 65: 378-85.
    • (2009) Ann Neurol , vol.65 , pp. 378-85
    • Gallo, V.1    Bueno-De-Mesquita, H.B.2    Vermeulen, R.3
  • 6
    • 65649135083 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cigarettes and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: Only smoke or also fire?
    • Weisskopf MG, Ascherio A. Cigarettes and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: only smoke or also fire? Ann Neurol 2009; 65: 361-2.
    • (2009) Ann Neurol , vol.65 , pp. 361-2
    • Weisskopf, M.G.1    Ascherio, A.2
  • 7
    • 0030967096 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Occupa- tional exposures and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: A population-based case-control study
    • McGuire V, Longstreth WT, Nelson LM, et al. Occupa- tional exposures and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a population-based case-control study. Am J Epidemiol 1997; 145: 1076-88.
    • (1997) Am J Epidemiol , vol.145 , pp. 1076-88
    • McGuire, V.1    Longstreth, W.T.2    Nelson, L.M.3
  • 8
    • 0037056373 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Premorbid weight, body mass, and varsity athletics in ALS
    • Scarmeas N, Shih T, Stern Y, et al. Premorbid weight, body mass, and varsity athletics in ALS. Neurology 2002; 59: 773-5.
    • (2002) Neurology , vol.59 , pp. 773-5
    • Scarmeas, N.1    Shih, T.2    Stern, Y.3
  • 9
    • 70350075024 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetics of motor neuron disorders: New insights into pathogenic mechanisms
    • Dion PA, Daoud H, Rouleau GA. Genetics of motor neuron disorders: new insights into pathogenic mechanisms. Nature Rev 2009; 10: 769-82.
    • (2009) Nature Rev , vol.10 , pp. 769-82
    • Dion, P.A.1    Daoud, H.2    Rouleau, G.A.3
  • 10
    • 0028284779 scopus 로고
    • Motor neuron degen- eration in mice that express a human Cu,Zn superoxide dismutase mutation
    • Gurney ME, Pu H, Chiu AY, et al. Motor neuron degen- eration in mice that express a human Cu,Zn superoxide dismutase mutation. Science 1994; 264: 1772-5.
    • (1994) Science , vol.264 , pp. 1772-5
    • Gurney, M.E.1    Pu, H.2    Chiu, A.Y.3
  • 11
    • 77955396350 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • SOD1, ANG, VAPB, TARDBP, and FUS mutations in familial amyo-trophic lateral sclerosis: Genotype-phenotype correlations
    • Millecamps S, Salachas F, Cazeneuve C, et al. SOD1, ANG, VAPB, TARDBP, and FUS mutations in familial amyo-trophic lateral sclerosis: genotype-phenotype correlations. J Med Genet 2010; 47: 554-60.
    • (2010) J Med Genet , vol.47 , pp. 554-60
    • Millecamps, S.1    Salachas, F.2    Cazeneuve, C.3
  • 12
    • 0028046648 scopus 로고
    • Familial aggregation of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, dementia, and Parkinson's disease: Evidence of shared genetic susceptibility
    • Majoor-Krakauer D, Ottman R, Johnson WG, et al. Famil- ial aggregation of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, dementia, and Parkinson's disease: evidence of shared genetic susceptibility. Neurology 1994; 44: 1872-7.
    • (1994) Neurology , vol.44 , pp. 1872-7
    • Majoor-Krakauer, D.1    Ottman, R.2    Johnson, W.G.3
  • 13
    • 64549117768 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A two-stage genome-wide association study of sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
    • Chio A, Schymick JC, Restagno G, et al. A two-stage genome-wide association study of sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Hum Mol Genet 2009; 18: 1524-32.
    • (2009) Hum Mol Genet , vol.18 , pp. 1524-32
    • Chio, A.1    Schymick, J.C.2    Restagno, G.3
  • 14
    • 33749632259 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Uniquiti- nated TDP-43 in frontotemporal lobar degeneration and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
    • Neumann M, Sampathu DM, Kwong LK, et al. Uniquiti- nated TDP-43 in frontotemporal lobar degeneration and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Science 2006; 314: 130-3.
    • (2006) Science , vol.314 , pp. 130-3
    • Neumann, M.1    Sampathu, D.M.2    Kwong, L.K.3
  • 15
    • 41149180753 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • TDP-43 mutations in familial and sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
    • Sreedharan J, Blair IP, Tripathi VB, et al. TDP-43 mutations in familial and sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Science 2008; 319: 1668-72.
    • (2008) Science , vol.319 , pp. 1668-72
    • Sreedharan, J.1    Blair, I.P.2    Tripathi, V.B.3
  • 16
    • 54049140363 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The syndromes of frontotemporal dysfunction in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
    • Strong MJ. The syndromes of frontotemporal dysfunction in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Amyotroph Lateral Scler 2008; 9: 323-38.
    • (2008) Amyotroph Lateral Scler , vol.9 , pp. 323-38
    • Strong, M.J.1
  • 17
    • 60849093466 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Current hypotheses for the underlying biol- ogy of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
    • Rothstein JD. Current hypotheses for the underlying biol- ogy of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Ann Neurol 2009; 65 Suppl.: S3-9.
    • (2009) Ann Neurol , vol.65 , Issue.SUPPL.
    • Rothstein, J.D.1
  • 18
    • 34548267752 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Current clinical trials in amyo- trophic lateral sclerosis
    • Bhatt JM, Gordon PH. Current clinical trials in amyo- trophic lateral sclerosis. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2007; 16: 1197-207.
    • (2007) Expert Opin Investig Drugs , vol.16 , pp. 1197-207
    • Bhatt, J.M.1    Gordon, P.H.2
  • 19
    • 0021927646 scopus 로고
    • Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: A study of it presentation and prognosis
    • Gubbay SS, Kahana E, Zilber N, et al. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a study of it presentation and prognosis. J Neurol 1985; 232: 295-300.
    • (1985) J Neurol , vol.232 , pp. 295-300
    • Gubbay, S.S.1    Kahana, E.2    Zilber, N.3
  • 20
    • 0037426388 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Are amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients cognitively normal?
    • Lomen-Hoerth C, Murphy J, Langmore S, et al. Are amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients cognitively normal? Neurology 2003; 60: 1094-7.
    • (2003) Neurology , vol.60 , pp. 1094-7
    • Lomen-Hoerth, C.1    Murphy, J.2    Langmore, S.3
  • 21
    • 33645065912 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of ex- ecutive and behavioral dysfunction on the course of ALS
    • Olney RK, Murphy J, Forshew D, et al. The effects of ex- ecutive and behavioral dysfunction on the course of ALS. Neurology 2005; 65: 1774-7.
    • (2005) Neurology , vol.65 , pp. 1774-7
    • Olney, R.K.1    Murphy, J.2    Forshew, D.3
  • 22
    • 0010281218 scopus 로고
    • Disorders of the brainstem and its cranial nerves
    • Baker AB, Joynt RJ, editors Philadelphia (PA): JB Lippincott Company
    • Haymaker W, Hartwif K. Disorders of the brainstem and its cranial nerves. In: Baker AB, Joynt RJ, editors. Clinical neurology. Vol. 3. Philadelphia (PA): JB Lippincott Company, 1988: 815-56.
    • (1988) Clinical Neurology , vol.3 , pp. 815-56
    • Haymaker, W.1    Hartwif, K.2
  • 23
    • 78649862654 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Night
    • Silvers RB editor New York: Random House
    • Judt T. Night. In: Silvers RB, editor. The New York review of books. New York: Random House, 2010.
    • (2010) The New York Review of Books
    • Judt, T.1
  • 25
    • 34247469709 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantitative objective markers for upper and lower motor neuron dysfunction in ALS
    • Mitsumoto H, Ulug AM, Pullman SL, et al. Quantitative objective markers for upper and lower motor neuron dysfunction in ALS. Neurology 2007; 68: 1402-10.
    • (2007) Neurology , vol.68 , pp. 1402-10
    • Mitsumoto, H.1    Ulug, A.M.2    Pullman, S.L.3
  • 26
    • 0141628879 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of a multi- disciplinary amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) clinic on ALS survival: A population based study, 1996-2000
    • Traynor BJ, Alexander M, Corr B, et al. Effect of a multi- disciplinary amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) clinic on ALS survival: a population based study, 1996-2000. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2003; 74: 1258-61.
    • (2003) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry , vol.74 , pp. 1258-61
    • Traynor, B.J.1    Alexander, M.2    Corr, B.3
  • 27
    • 0033594347 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Practice parameter: The care of the patient with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (an evidence-based review): Report of the Quality Standards Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology
    • ALS Practice Parameters Task Force
    • Miller RG, Rosenberg JA, Gelinas DF, et al. Practice parameter: the care of the patient with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (an evidence-based review): report of the Quality Standards Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology. ALS Practice Parameters Task Force. Neurology 1999; 52: 1311-23.
    • (1999) Neurology , vol.52 , pp. 1311-23
    • Miller, R.G.1    Rosenberg, J.A.2    Gelinas, D.F.3
  • 28
    • 29244480266 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • EFNS Task Force on diagnosis and management of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: Guidelines for diagnosis and clinical care of patients and relatives
    • Andersen PM, Borasio GD, Dengler R, et al. EFNS Task Force on diagnosis and management of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: guidelines for diagnosis and clinical care of patients and relatives. Eur J Neurol 2005; 12: 921-38.
    • (2005) Eur J Neurol , vol.12 , pp. 921-38
    • Andersen, P.M.1    Borasio, G.D.2    Dengler, R.3
  • 29
    • 78649842745 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • [online] [Accessed 2010 Oct 27]
    • Rowland LP. Six levels of hope [online]. Available from URL: http://www.als-mda.org/publications/als/als2-3.html# hope [Accessed 2010 Oct 27].
    • Six Levels of Hope
    • Rowland, L.P.1
  • 31
    • 0028097839 scopus 로고
    • A controlled trial of riluzole in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: ALS/Riluzole Study Group
    • Bensimon G, Lacomblez L, Meininger V. A controlled trial of riluzole in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: ALS/Riluzole Study Group. N Engl J Med 1994; 330: 585-91.
    • (1994) N Engl J Med , vol.330 , pp. 585-91
    • Bensimon, G.1    Lacomblez, L.2    Meininger, V.3
  • 32
    • 0029977337 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dose-ranging study of riluzole in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: Amyo-trophic Lateral Sclerosis/Riluzole Study Group II
    • Lacomblez L, Bensimon G, Leigh PN, et al. Dose-ranging study of riluzole in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: Amyo-trophic Lateral Sclerosis/Riluzole Study Group II. Lancet 1996; 347: 1425-31.
    • (1996) Lancet , vol.347 , pp. 1425-31
    • Lacomblez, L.1    Bensimon, G.2    Leigh, P.N.3
  • 33
    • 17144450273 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Practice advisory on the treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with riluzole: Report of the Quality Standards Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurol
    • Practice advisory on the treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with riluzole: report of the Quality Standards Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurol. Neurology 1997; 49: 657-9.
    • (1997) Neurology , vol.49 , pp. 657-9
  • 34
    • 0035224906 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Riluzole for amyo- trophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)/ motor neuron disease (MND)
    • Miller RG, Mitchell JD, Lyon M, et al. Riluzole for amyo- trophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)/motor neuron disease (MND). Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2002; (2): CD001447.
    • (2002) Cochrane Database Syst Rev , Issue.2
    • Miller, R.G.1    Mitchell, J.D.2    Lyon, M.3
  • 36
    • 0036257090 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A study of riluzole in the treatment of advanced stage or elderly patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
    • Bensimon G, Lacomblez L, Delumeau JC, et al. A study of riluzole in the treatment of advanced stage or elderly patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. J Neurol 2002; 249: 609-15.
    • (2002) J Neurol , vol.249 , pp. 609-15
    • Bensimon, G.1    Lacomblez, L.2    Delumeau, J.C.3
  • 37
    • 0007199084 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical trials of riluzole in patients with ALS: ALS/Riluzole Study Group-II
    • discussion S90-92
    • Miller RG, Bouchard JP, Duquette P, et al. Clinical trials of riluzole in patients with ALS: ALS/Riluzole Study Group-II. Neurology 1996; 47 Suppl. 2: S86-90, discussion S90-92.
    • (1996) Neurology , vol.47 , Issue.SUPPL. 2
    • Miller, R.G.1    Bouchard, J.P.2    Duquette, P.3
  • 39
    • 1042291094 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuropsychotherapeutics in the UK: What has been the impact of NICE on prescribing?
    • Walley T. Neuropsychotherapeutics in the UK: what has been the impact of NICE on prescribing? CNS Drugs 2004; 18: 1-12.
    • (2004) CNS Drugs , vol.18 , pp. 1-12
    • Walley, T.1
  • 40
    • 67649362635 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multidisciplinry approach: Ideal care center and world perspective
    • Mitsumoto H, Przedborski S, Gordon P, editors New York, Marcel Dekker
    • Mitsumoto H, Leigh N, Genge A, et al. Multidisciplinry approach: ideal care center and world perspective. In: Mitsumoto H, Przedborski S, Gordon P, editors. ALS. New York: Marcel Dekker, 2005: 605-32.
    • (2005) ALS , pp. 605-32
    • Mitsumoto, H.1    Leigh, N.2    Genge, A.3
  • 41
    • 67649376605 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Symptomatic therapy and pal- liative aspects of clinical care
    • Gordon PH, Mitsumoto H. Symptomatic therapy and pal- liative aspects of clinical care. Handb Clin Neurol 2007; 82: 389-424.
    • (2007) Handb Clin Neurol , vol.82 , pp. 389-424
    • Gordon, P.H.1    Mitsumoto, H.2
  • 42
    • 0031929662 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prognostic indi- cators of survival in ALS: ALS CNTF Treatment Study Group
    • Stambler N, Charatan M, Cedarbaum JM. Prognostic indi- cators of survival in ALS: ALS CNTF Treatment Study Group. Neurology 1998; 50: 66-72.
    • (1998) Neurology , vol.50 , pp. 66-72
    • Stambler, N.1    Charatan, M.2    Cedarbaum, J.M.3
  • 43
    • 70350149848 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Practice para- meter update: The care of the patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: Drug, nutritional, and respiratory therapies (an evidence-based review)
    • Miller RG, Jackson CE, Kasarskis EJ, et al. Practice para- meter update: the care of the patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: drug, nutritional, and respiratory therapies (an evidence-based review). Neurology 2009; 73: 1218-26.
    • (2009) Neurology , vol.73 , pp. 1218-26
    • Miller, R.G.1    Jackson, C.E.2    Kasarskis, E.J.3
  • 44
    • 12744277960 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of sniff nasal-inspiratory force to predict survival in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
    • Morgan RK, McNally S, Alexander M, et al. Use of sniff nasal-inspiratory force to predict survival in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2005; 171: 269-74.
    • (2005) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.171 , pp. 269-74
    • Morgan, R.K.1    McNally, S.2    Alexander, M.3
  • 45
    • 0025305536 scopus 로고
    • Night-time nasal venti- lation in neuromuscular disease
    • Heckmatt JZ, Loh L, Dubowitz V. Night-time nasal venti- lation in neuromuscular disease. Lancet 1990; 335: 579-82.
    • (1990) Lancet , vol.335 , pp. 579-82
    • Heckmatt, J.Z.1    Loh, L.2    Dubowitz, V.3
  • 46
    • 0037781814 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Noninvasive ventilation in ALS: Indications and effect on quality of life
    • Bourke SC, Bullock RE, Williams TL, et al. Noninvasive ventilation in ALS: indications and effect on quality of life. Neurology 2003; 61: 171-7.
    • (2003) Neurology , vol.61 , pp. 171-7
    • Bourke, S.C.1    Bullock, R.E.2    Williams, T.L.3
  • 47
    • 0034807464 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of non-invasive positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) on cognitive function in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS): A prospective study
    • Newsom-Davis IC, Lyall RA, Leigh PN, et al. The effect of non-invasive positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) on cognitive function in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS): a prospective study. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2001; 71: 482-7.
    • (2001) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry , vol.71 , pp. 482-7
    • Newsom-Davis, I.C.1    Lyall, R.A.2    Leigh, P.N.3
  • 49
    • 0036266068 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Outcome of ventila- tory support for acute respiratory failure in motor neurone disease
    • Bradley MD, Orrell RW, Clarke J, et al. Outcome of ventila- tory support for acute respiratory failure in motor neurone disease. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2002; 72: 752-6.
    • (2002) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry , vol.72 , pp. 752-6
    • Bradley, M.D.1    Orrell, R.W.2    Clarke, J.3
  • 50
    • 33749010582 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High-frequency chest wall oscillation in ALS: An exploratory randomized, controlled trial
    • Sep 26
    • Lange DJ, Lechtzin N, Davey C, et al. High-frequency chest wall oscillation in ALS: an exploratory randomized, controlled trial. Neurology 2006 Sep 26; 67 (6): 991-7.
    • (2006) Neurology , vol.67 , Issue.6 , pp. 991-7
    • Lange, D.J.1    Lechtzin, N.2    Davey, C.3
  • 51
    • 70350138259 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Practice para- meter update: The care of the patient with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: Multidisciplinary care, symptom management, and cognitive/behavioral impairment (an evidence-based review)
    • Miller RG, Jackson CE, Kasarskis EJ, et al. Practice para- meter update: the care of the patient with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: multidisciplinary care, symptom management, and cognitive/behavioral impairment (an evidence-based review). Neurology 2009; 73: 1227-33.
    • (2009) Neurology , vol.73 , pp. 1227-33
    • Miller, R.G.1    Jackson, C.E.2    Kasarskis, E.J.3
  • 52
    • 0037435527 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fatigue and depression are associated with poor quality of life in ALS
    • Lou J, Reeves A, Benice T, et al. Fatigue and depression are associated with poor quality of life in ALS. Neurology 2003; 60: 122-3.
    • (2003) Neurology , vol.60 , pp. 122-3
    • Lou, J.1    Reeves, A.2    Benice, T.3
  • 53
    • 22044453281 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of depressive disorders and change over time in late-stage ALS
    • Rabkin JG, Albert SM, Del Bene ML, et al. Prevalence of depressive disorders and change over time in late-stage ALS. Neurology 2005; 65: 62-7.
    • (2005) Neurology , vol.65 , pp. 62-7
    • Rabkin, J.G.1    Albert, S.M.2    Del Bene, M.L.3
  • 54
    • 7044254695 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment of pseudobulbar affect in ALS with dextromethorphan/ quinidine: A randomized trial
    • Brooks BR, Thisted RA, Appel SH, et al. Treatment of pseudobulbar affect in ALS with dextromethorphan/ quinidine: a randomized trial. Neurology 2004; 63: 1364-70.
    • (2004) Neurology , vol.63 , pp. 1364-70
    • Brooks, B.R.1    Thisted, R.A.2    Appel, S.H.3
  • 55
    • 34247235458 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Symptomatic pharmacotherapy: Bulbar and constitutional symptoms
    • Mitsumoto H, Przedborski S, Gordon P, editors New York, Marcel Dekker
    • Jackson CE, Rosenfeld J. Symptomatic pharmacotherapy: bulbar and constitutional symptoms. In: Mitsumoto H, Przedborski S, Gordon P, editors. ALS. New York: Marcel Dekker, 2005: 633-48.
    • (2005) ALS , pp. 633-48
    • Jackson, C.E.1    Rosenfeld, J.2
  • 56
    • 60549090832 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Randomized double-blind study of botulinum toxin type B for sialorrhea in ALS patients
    • Jackson CE, Gronseth G, Rosenfeld J, et al. Randomized double-blind study of botulinum toxin type B for sialorrhea in ALS patients. Muscle Nerve 2008; 36: 137-43.
    • (2008) Muscle Nerve , vol.36 , pp. 137-43
    • Jackson, C.E.1    Gronseth, G.2    Rosenfeld, J.3
  • 57
    • 0035727518 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of radiotherapy for control of sialorrhea in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
    • Harriman M, Morrison M, Hay J, et al. Use of radiotherapy for control of sialorrhea in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. J Otolaryngology 2001; 30: 242-9.
    • (2001) J Otolaryngology , vol.30 , pp. 242-9
    • Harriman, M.1    Morrison, M.2    Hay, J.3
  • 58
    • 67649337763 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Secretion management in motor neuron disease: ALS and other motor neuron disorders
    • Nov, 8-10; Vancouver
    • Foulsum I. Secretion management in motor neuron disease: ALS and other motor neuron disorders. 10th International Symposium on ALS/MND; 1999 Nov 8-10; Vancouver.
    • (1999) 10th International Symposium on ALS/MND
    • Foulsum, I.1
  • 59
    • 0036308999 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: Prolongation of life by noninvasive respiratory AIDS
    • Bach JR. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: prolongation of life by noninvasive respiratory AIDS. Chest 2002; 122: 92-8.
    • (2002) Chest , vol.122 , pp. 92-8
    • Bach, J.R.1
  • 60
    • 2942720601 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment for spasticity in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/motor neuron disease
    • Ashworth NL, Satkunam LE, Deforge D. Treatment for spasticity in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/motor neuron disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2004; (1): CD004156.
    • (2004) Cochrane Database Syst Rev , Issue.1
    • Ashworth, N.L.1    Satkunam, L.E.2    Deforge, D.3
  • 61
    • 0034026654 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sleep disorders and diaphragmatic function in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
    • Arnulf I, Similowski T, Salachas F, et al. Sleep disorders and diaphragmatic function in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2000; 161: 849-56.
    • (2000) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.161 , pp. 849-56
    • Arnulf, I.1    Similowski, T.2    Salachas, F.3
  • 62
    • 62849083840 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modafinil treatment of fatigue in patients with ALS: A placebo-controlled study
    • Rabkin JG, Gordon PH, McElhiney M, et al. Modafinil treatment of fatigue in patients with ALS: a placebo-controlled study. Muscle Nerve 2009; 39: 297-303.
    • (2009) Muscle Nerve , vol.39 , pp. 297-303
    • Rabkin, J.G.1    Gordon, P.H.2    McElhiney, M.3
  • 63
    • 0034937392 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of supplementary vitamins E, C and their combination for treatment of haemodialysis cramps
    • Khajehdehi P, Mojerlou M, Behzadi S, et al. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of supplementary vitamins E, C and their combination for treatment of haemodialysis cramps. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2001; 16: 1448-51.
    • (2001) Nephrol Dial Transplant , vol.16 , pp. 1448-51
    • Khajehdehi, P.1    Mojerlou, M.2    Behzadi, S.3
  • 64
    • 34247230774 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Palliative care
    • Mitsumoto H, Przedborski S, Gordon P, editors New York, Marcel Dekker
    • Sykes NP. Palliative care. In: Mitsumoto H, Przedborski S, Gordon P, editors. ALS. New York: Marcel Dekker, 2005: 783-97.
    • (2005) ALS , pp. 783-97
    • Sykes, N.P.1
  • 65
    • 0000362249 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Opioid medication in the palliative care of motor neurone disease
    • Oliver D. Opioid medication in the palliative care of motor neurone disease. Pall Med 1998; 12: 113-5.
    • (1998) Pall Med , vol.12 , pp. 113-5
    • Oliver, D.1
  • 66
    • 67649380998 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Palliative medicine and non-malignant, end- stage respiratory disease
    • Doyle D, Hanks G, Cherny N, et al., editors 3rd ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press
    • Leach RM. Palliative medicine and non-malignant, end- stage respiratory disease. In: Doyle D, Hanks G, Cherny N, et al., editors. Oxford textbook of palliative medicine. 3rd ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004: 895-916.
    • (2004) Oxford Textbook of Palliative Medicine , pp. 895-916
    • Leach, R.M.1
  • 67
    • 1542750255 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ventilator withdrawal pro- tocol (part 1)
    • Von Gunten C, Weissman DE. Ventilator withdrawal pro- tocol (part 1). J Pall Med 2003; 6: 773-6.
    • (2003) J Pall Med , vol.6 , pp. 773-6
    • Von Gunten, C.1    De, W.2
  • 68
    • 0036382083 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Using anti- muscarinic drugs in the management of death rattle: Evidence-based guidelines for palliative care
    • Bennett M, Lucas V, Brennan M, et al. Using anti- muscarinic drugs in the management of death rattle: evidence-based guidelines for palliative care. Pall Med 2002; 16: 369-74.
    • (2002) Pall Med , vol.16 , pp. 369-74
    • Bennett, M.1    Lucas, V.2    Brennan, M.3
  • 69
    • 0022588046 scopus 로고
    • Neuroepidemiology: Part II. Assessment of therapeutic trials
    • Kurtzke JF. Neuroepidemiology: part II. Assessment of therapeutic trials. Ann Neurol 1986; 19: 311-9.
    • (1986) Ann Neurol , vol.19 , pp. 311-9
    • Kurtzke, J.F.1
  • 70
    • 34548266699 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical trial methodology
    • Mitsumoto H, Przedborski S, Gordon P, editors New York, Marcel Dekker
    • Gordon PH. Clinical trial methodology. In: Mitsumoto H, Przedborski S, Gordon P, editors. ALS. New York: Marcel Dekker, 2005: 583-604.
    • (2005) ALS , pp. 583-604
    • Gordon, P.H.1
  • 71
    • 41149124406 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lithium delays pro- gression of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
    • Fornai F, Longone P, Cafaro L, et al. Lithium delays pro- gression of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2008; 105: 2052-7.
    • (2008) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.105 , pp. 2052-7
    • Fornai, F.1    Longone, P.2    Cafaro, L.3
  • 72
    • 77950628380 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Safety and efficacy of lithium in combination with riluzole for treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
    • Aggarwal SP, Zinman L, Simpson E, et al. Safety and effi- cacy of lithium in combination with riluzole for treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet Neurol 2010; 9: 481-8.
    • (2010) Lancet Neurol , vol.9 , pp. 481-8
    • Aggarwal, S.P.1    Zinman, L.2    Simpson, E.3
  • 73
    • 19944428649 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Beta-lactam anti- biotics offer neuroprotection by increasing glutamate transporter expression
    • Rothsetein JD, Patel S, Regan MR, et al. Beta-lactam anti- biotics offer neuroprotection by increasing glutamate transporter expression. Nature 2005; 433: 73-7.
    • (2005) Nature , vol.433 , pp. 73-7
    • Rothsetein, J.D.1    Patel, S.2    Regan, M.R.3
  • 74
    • 39349090629 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • R+ pramipexole as a mitochondrially focused neuroprotectant: Initial early phase studies in ALS
    • Wang H, Larriviere KS, Keller KE, et al. R+ pramipexole as a mitochondrially focused neuroprotectant: initial early phase studies in ALS. Amyotroph Lateral Scler 2008; 9: 50-8.
    • (2008) Amyotroph Lateral Scler , vol.9 , pp. 50-8
    • Wang, H.1    Larriviere, K.S.2    Keller, K.E.3
  • 75
    • 1942486792 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment with arimoclomol, a coinducer of heat shock proteins, delay disease progression in ALS mice
    • Kieran D, Kalmar B, Dick JR, et al. Treatment with arimoclomol, a coinducer of heat shock proteins, delay disease progression in ALS mice. Nat Med 2004; 10: 402-5.
    • (2004) Nat Med , vol.10 , pp. 402-5
    • Kieran, D.1    Kalmar, B.2    Dick, J.R.3
  • 76
    • 77952168830 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A phase II trial of talampanel in subjects with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
    • Pascuzzi RM, Shefner J, Chappell AS, et al. A phase II trial of talampanel in subjects with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Amyotroph Lateral Scler 2010; 11: 266-71.
    • (2010) Amyotroph Lateral Scler , vol.11 , pp. 266-71
    • Pascuzzi, R.M.1    Shefner, J.2    Chappell, A.S.3
  • 77
    • 33847119443 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Investigation of the therapeutic effects of edaravone, a free radical scavenger, on amyo-trophic lateral sclerosis (phase II study)
    • Yoshino H, Kimura A. Investigation of the therapeutic effects of edaravone, a free radical scavenger, on amyo-trophic lateral sclerosis (phase II study). Amyotroph Lateral Scler 2006; 7: 241-5.
    • (2006) Amyotroph Lateral Scler , vol.7 , pp. 241-5
    • Yoshino, H.1    Kimura, A.2
  • 79
    • 34547123812 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification and characterization of cholest-4-en-3-one, oxime (TRO19622), a novel drug candidate for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
    • Bordet T, Buisson B, Michaud M, et al. Identification and characterization of cholest-4-en-3-one, oxime (TRO19622), a novel drug candidate for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2007; 322: 709-20.
    • (2007) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.322 , pp. 709-20
    • Bordet, T.1    Buisson, B.2    Michaud, M.3
  • 80
    • 33847787621 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Therapeutic effects of immunization with mutant superoxide dismutase in mice modelsof amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
    • Urushitani M, Ezzi SA, Julien JP. Therapeutic effects of immunization with mutant superoxide dismutase in mice modelsof amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2007; 104: 2495-500.
    • (2007) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.104 , pp. 2495-500
    • Urushitani, M.1    Ezzi, S.A.2    Julien, J.P.3
  • 81
    • 18244396929 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Virus-delivered small RNA silencing sustains strength in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
    • Miller TM, Kaspar BK, Kops GJ, et al. Virus-delivered small RNA silencing sustains strength in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Ann Neurol 2005; 57: 773-6.
    • (2005) Ann Neurol , vol.57 , pp. 773-6
    • Miller, T.M.1    Kaspar, B.K.2    Kops, G.J.3
  • 82
    • 0142241350 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antisense pep- tide nucleic acid-mediated knockdown of the p75 neuro-trophin receptor delays motor neuron disease in mutant SOD1 transgenic mice
    • Turner BJ, Cheah IK, Macfarlane KJ, et al. Antisense pep- tide nucleic acid-mediated knockdown of the p75 neuro-trophin receptor delays motor neuron disease in mutant SOD1 transgenic mice. J Neurochem 2003; 87: 752-63
    • (2003) J Neurochem , vol.87 , pp. 752-63
    • Turner, B.J.1    Cheah, I.K.2    MacFarlane, K.J.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.