'Hard times' in Lithuania: Crisis and 'discourses of discontent' in post-communist society

Ethnography

Volumn 11, Issue 4, 2010, Pages 487-514

  Woolfson, Charles ^a  

^a LINKÖPING UNIVERSITY   (Sweden)

Author keywords

discourse; economic crisis; labour migration; Lithuania; neo liberalism; post communism; social protest

Indexed keywords

EID: 78649798575     PISSN: 14661381     EISSN: 17412714     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/1466138110372586     Document Type: Article

References (72)

1. ABC News (2009a) Protesters clash with police in Lithuania - Anti-government protesters clash with police in Lithuania, several injuries, Liudas Dapkus and Gary Peach, 16 January. Available at: http://abcnews.go.com/Business/WireStory?id=6662915&page=3.
2. Abc News (2009b) Officials: Lithuania hosted secret CIA prison to get "our ear" 'irresponsible' to identify secret sites, says CIA; Lithuania denies allegation, Matthew Cole, 20 August. Available at: http://abcnews.go.com/Blotter/Story?id=8373807&page=1.
3. Aidukaite J. (2009) Transformation of welfare systems in the Baltic States: Estonia, Latvia and Lithunia. In: A. Cerami, Vanhuysse, P (eds) Post-communist Welfare Pathways: Theorizing Social Policy Transformations in CEE. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 96-112.
4. Anderson R., Mikuliç B., Vermeylen G., Lyly-Yrjanainen M. and Zigante V. (2009) Second European Quality of Life Survey. Dublin: European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions.
5. Balockaite R. (2009) Can you hear us? The lower class in Lithuanian media and politics. Problems of Post-Communism 56(1): 12-20.
6. Baltic Course (2009) World Bank: Lithuania faces euro criteria hurdles, Danuta Paviliene, 12 August. Available at: http://www.baltic-course.com/eng/finances/?doc=16919.
7. Baltic Times (2009a) Vilnius protesters clash with police, Adam Mullett, 21 January.
8. Baltic Times (2009b) Workers in Vilnius, Riga protest pay cuts, TBT staff, 8 April.
9. Baltic Times (2009c) Medics picket at Seimas, Laima Vaige, 3 June.
10. Baltic Times (2009d) Hunger strike opens up negotiations, Nathan Greenhalgh, 8 July.
11. Baltic Times (2009e) PM: public funds, business sector and social peace are priorities, 15 April.
12. Baltic Times (2009f) Palauskas calls for people to protest, 2 December.
13. Berend IT (2007) Social shock in transforming Central and Eastern Europe. Communist and Post-Communist Studies 40: 269-280.
14. Berezin M. (2009) Illiberal Politics in Neoliberal Times: Culture, Security and Populism in the New Europe. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
15. Bohle D. and Greskovits B. (2007) Neoliberalism, embedded neoliberalism and neocorporatism: Towards transnational capitalism in Central-Eastern Europe. West European Politics 30(3): 443-466.
16. Brandist C. (2000) Bakhtin, Marxism and Russian populism. In: Brandist C, Tihanov G (eds) Materializing Bakhtin: The Bakhtin Circle and Social Theory. London: Macmillan, 70-93.
17. Brubaker RW (1990) Frontier theses: Exit, voice, and loyalty in East Germany. Migration World 18(3-4): 12-17.
18. BTI (2009) Bertelsmann Stiftung, BTI 2010 - Lithuania Country Report. GÃ1/4tersloh: Bertelsmann Stiftung. Available at: http://www.bertelsmann-transformation-index.de/fileadmin/pdf/Gutachten_BTI2010/ECSE/Lithuania.pdf.
19. Bumiller E. (2002) White House Letter; For Bush, a Big 'Aciu' From Eastern Europe, New York Times, 25 November: 7.
20. Collins C. (1999) Language, Ideology and Social Consciousness - Developing a Sociohistorical Approach. Aldershot: Ashgate.
21. Delfi (2009a) RiauÅ¡ese prie Seimo 151 chuliganas sulaikytas, 34 mitingo dalyviai suÅ3/4eisti, 17 January. Available at: http://www.delfi.lt/news/daily/lithuania/article.php?id=20111082.
22. Delfi (2009b) Kauno mitingas: apie 400 žmoniu̧, 2 sulaikyti, 22 January. Available at: http://www.delfi.lt/news/daily/lithuania/article.php?id=20224663.
23. Delfi (2009c) Neleista rengti tūkstantinio mamu̧ ir tečiu̧ mitingo, 23 June. Available at: http://www.delfi.lt/news/daily/lithuania/article.php?id=22790187.
24. Delfi (2009d) Lietuvos provincija jau pajuto bada̧ 4 August. Available at: http://www.delfi.lt/news/daily/lithuania/article.php?id=23422422.
25. Delfi (2009e) Sa̧jūdi̧- primenančiame mitinge - šūkiai ir prieš oligarchus, ir pries pedofilus, 12 December. Available at: http://www.delfi.lt/news/daily/lithuania/sajudi-primenanciame-mitinge-sukiai-ir-pries-oligarchus-ir-pries-pedofilus.d?id=26777439.
26. Economist (2003) Lithuania's economy, 17 July (print edition).
27. Economist (2009a) No panic, just gloom, 14 May. Available at: http://www.economist.com/world/europe/displayStory.cfm?story_id=13650051.
28. Economist (2009b) Briefing, ex-communist economies, The whiff of contagion, 26 February. Available at: http://www.economist.com/world/europe/displaystory.cfm?story_id=13184594.
29. EUbusiness (2009a) Lithuania to cut benefits, pay, hike VAT to fight crisis, 17 June. Available at: http://www.eubusiness.com/news-eu/1245249122.94/.
30. EUbusiness (2009b) EU's green shoots offer little comfort for Lithuania, 16 August. Available at: http://www.eubusiness.com/news-eu/lithuania-economy.64.
31. European Commission (2009a) Economic Forecast Spring 2009, Directorate-General for Economic and Financial Affairs, 4 May. Available at: http://ec.europa.eu/economy_finance/publications/publication15048_en.pdf.
32. European Commission (2009b) Monthly Monitor EU employment situation and social outlook, May. Available at: http://www.zukunfteuropa.at/DocView.axd?CobId=34789.
33. Eurostat (2009a) Newsrelease, euroindicators, 112/2009, 31 July. Available at: http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/cache/ITY_PUBLIC/3-31072009-BP/EN/3-31072009-BP-EN.PDF.
34. Eurostat (2009b) Newsrelease, euroindicators, 121/2009, 24 August. Available at: http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/cache/ITY_PUBLIC/4-24082009-AP/EN/4-24082009-AP-EN.PDF.
35. Fearon JD and Laitin DD (2006) Lithuania. Draft working paper, Stanford University. Available at: http://www.stanford.edu/group/ethnic/Random%20Narratives/LithuaniaRN1.3.pdf.
36. Financial Times (2009) Europe prepares for a Baltic blast, Gideon Rachman, 3 August. Available at: http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/b497f5b6-8060-11de-bf04-00144feabdc0.html.
37. Foster J. and Woolfson C. (1999) How workers on the Clyde gained the capacity for class struggle: The Upper Clyde shipbuilder; work-in, 1971-72. In: McIlroy J, Fishman N, Campbell AB (eds) British Trade Unions and Industrial Politics, Volume 2: The High Tide of Trade Unionism, 1964-79. Aldershot: Ashgate, 297-325.
38. Frontas website (n.d.)http://www.frontopartija.lt/.
39. Gardiner M. (1992) The Dialogics of Critique. London: Routledge.
40. Gunson D. and Collins C. (1997) From the 'I' to the 'we': Discourse ethics, identity and the pragmatics of partnership in the west of Scotland. Communication Theory 7: 277-300.
41. Hall S. (1977) Culture, the media and the 'ideological effect'. In: Curran J, Gurevitch M, Woollacott J (eds) Mass Communication and Society. London: Edward Arnold, 315-348.
42. Hall S. (1981) Notes on deconstructing the 'popular'. In: Samuel R (ed.) People's History and Socialist Theory. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 227-240.
43. Hirschman AO (1970) Exit, Voice and Loyalty. Response to Decline in Firms, Organizations, and States. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
44. Hirschman AO (1993) Exit, voice, and the fate of the German Democratic Republic. World Politics 45(2): 173-202.
45. Holborow M. (2007) Putting the social back into language: Marx, Voloshinov and Vygotsky re-examined. Studies in Language and Capitalism 1: 1-28. Available at: http://www.staff.lboro.ac.uk/~ssjer/SLC1/SLC1-1_Holborow.pdf.
46. Hughes J. (2005) 'Exit' in deeply divided societies: Regimes of discrimination in Estonia and Latvia and the potential for Russophone migration. Journal of Common Market Studies 43(4): 739-762.
47. Huspek M (ed.) (2009) Oppositional Discourses and Democracies. London: Routledge.
48. Jones PE (2004) Discourse and the materialist conception of history: Critical comments on critical discourse analysis. Historical Materialism 12(1): 97-125.
49. Juska A. and Johnstone P. (2004) The symbiosis of politics and crime in Lithuania. Journal of Baltic Studies 35(4): 346-359.
50. King M., Koci A. and Bukauskas A. (2007) Policing social transition: Public order policing change in Lithuania. Policing 1(4): 428-437.
51. Lietuvos Rytas tv (2009) 21 October. Available at: http://www.lrytas.lt/videonews/?id=12561287581254216128://www.lrytas.lt/videone.
52. Matonyte I. (2006) Why the notion of social justice is quasi-absent from the public discourse in post-communist Lithuania. Journal of Baltic Studies 37(4): 388-411.
53. Meardi G. (2007) More voice after more exit? Unstable industrial relations in Central Eastern Europe. Industrial Relations Journal 38(6): 503-523.
54. Nacionalinis susitarimas (2009) 28 October. Available at: http://www.lps.lt/usr_img/susitarimas_pasirasytas.pdf.
55. Respublika (2009) The ghost of hunger is wandering about, 8 August, p. 1.
56. President of the Republic of Lithuania, State of the Nation Address by H.E. Dalia Grybauskaite, June 2010, Vilnius. http://www.president.lt/en/activities/speeches/state_of_the_nation_address_by_h.e._dalia_grybauskaite_president_of_the_republic_of_lithuania.html. Accessed 10 August 2010.
57. Seputyte M. (2005) Suicide epidemic persists, The Baltic Times, 26 May. Available at: http://www.vaikulinija.lt/index.php/ziniasklaida2005/baltic/.
58. Statistics Lithuania (2009a) Changes in GDP, against the respective period of the previous year: First quarter 2009, gross domestic product second estimate, revised 1st quarter estimate.
59. Statistics Lithuania (2009b) Gross Domestic Product, First estimate and revised data of the previous period, 28 July.
60. Statistics Lithuania (2009c) Earnings: Average earnings in 1st quarter 2009 decreased and made LTL 2193, 27 May.
61. Statistics Lithuania (2009d) Live births by sex, place of residence and year 1975-2008.
62. Statistics Lithuania (2010a) Unemployment rate (survey data) 25 May.
63. Statistics Lithuania (2010b) International migration by administrative territory, statistical indicator and year.
64. Swedbank (2009) Swedbank establishes Institutes of Private Finances in Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania, press release, 18 November. Available at: http://feed.ne.cision.com/wpyfs/00/00/00/00/00/10/0A/17/wkr0011.pdf.
65. Terkel S. (1970) Hard Times: An Oral History of the Great Depression. New York: Pantheon Books.
66. The Observer (2009) Downturn shatters east's dream of a prosperous post-Soviet future, Jason Burke, 8 February. Available at: http://www.guardian.co.uk/business/2009/feb/08/lithuania-credit-crunch-economic-crisis.
67. Traceviciute R. (2009) Didejantis nedarbas pranaÅ¡auja socialinÄ- sprogima̧. LIETUVOS Å1/2INIOS, Nr 253 (12480), lapkriÄio 02 d (2 November). (Rising unemployment heralds social explosion. 2 November) Available at: http://www.lzinios.lt/lt/2009-11-02/dienos_temos.html.
68. Voloshinov VN (1973) Marxism and the Philosophy of Language. New York: Seminar Press.
69. Welty G. (1989) A critique of Habermas' proposed reconstruction of historical materialism. Paper presented to the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences. Available at: http:// www.wright.edu/~gordon.welty/Habermas_89.htm.
70. Willis P. and Trondman M. (2000) Manifesto for Ethnography. Ethnography 1(1): 5-16.
71. Woolfson C. (2010) The Race Equality Directive: 'Differential' or 'differentiated' Europeanisation in the new EU member states? European Societies 12(4): 1-24.
72. World Bank (2005) Doing Business in 2006: Eastern European and Baltic Nations Encourage Businesses with Aggressive Regulatory Reforms. Press Release, 12 September, World Bank, Washington, DC.