Media Internalization and Social Comparison as Predictors of Eating Pathology Among Latino Adolescents: The Moderating Effect of Gender and Generational Status

Sex Roles

Volumn 63, Issue 9-10, 2010, Pages 712-724

  Warren, Cortney S ^a   Schoen, Andrea ^a   Schafer, Kerri J ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF NEVADA   (United States)

Author keywords

Eating pathology; Gender differences; Generational status; Latino adolescents; Media internalization

Indexed keywords

EID: 78649722936     PISSN: 03600025     EISSN: 15732762     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s11199-010-9876-1     Document Type: Article

References (68)

1. Aiken, L. S., & West, S. G. (1991). Multiple regression: Testing and interpreting interactions. Newbury Park: SAGE.
2. American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed.). Washington: Author.
3. American Psychological Association. (2003). Guidelines on multicultural education, training, research, practice, and organizational change for psychologists. American Psychologist, 58, 377-402. doi: 10. 1037/0003-066X. 58. 5. 377.
4. Anton, S. D., Han, H., Newton, R. L., Martin, C. K., York-Crowe, E., Stewart, T. M., et al. (2006). Reformulation of the children's eating attitudes test (ChEAT): Factor structure and scoring method in a non-clinical population. Eating and Weight Disorders, 11, 201-210.
5. Arcaya, J. (1999). Hispanic American boys and adolescent males. In A. M. Horne & M. S. Kiselica (Eds.), Handbook of counseling boys and adolescent males: A practitioners guide (pp. 101-116). Thousand Oaks: Sage.
6. Arnett, J. J., Larson, R., & Offer, D. (1995). Beyond effects: Adolescents as active media users. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 24, 511-518. doi: 10. 1007/BF01537053.
7. Ata, R. N., Ludden, A. B., & Lally, M. M. (2007). The effects of gender and family, friend, and media influences on eating behaviors and body image during adolescence. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 36, 1024-1037. doi: 10. 1007/s10964-006-9159-x.
8. Austin, S. B., Haines, J., & Veugelers, P. J. (2009). Body satisfaction and body weight: Gender differences and sociodemographic determinants. BMC Public Health, 9, 1-7. doi: 10. 1186/1471-2458-9-313.
9. Ayala, G. X., Mickens, L., Galindo, P., & Elder, J. P. (2007). Acculturation and body image perception among Latino youth. Ethnicity and Health, 12, 21-41. doi: 10. 1080/13557850600824294.
10. Cachelin, F. M., Veisel, C., Bargezarnazari, E., & Striegel-Moore, R. H. (2000). Disordered eating, acculturation, and treatment-seeking in a community sample of Hispanic, Asian, Black, and White women. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 24, 244-253. doi: 10. 1111/j. 1471-6402. 2000. tb00206. x.
11. Cachelin, F. M., Phinney, J. S., Schug, R. A., & Striegel-Moore, R. H. (2006). Acculturation and eating disorders in a Mexican American community sample. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 30, 340-347. doi: 10. 1111/j. 1471-6402. 2006. 00309. x.
12. Cafri, G., Yamamiya, Y., Brannick, M., & Thompson, K. (2005). The influence of sociocultural factors on body image: A meta-analysis. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 12, 421-433. doi: 10. 1093/clipsy/bpi053.
13. Calogero, R. M., Davis, W. N., & Thompson, J. K. (2004). The sociocultural attitudes toward appearance questionnaire (SATAQ-3): Reliability and normative comparisons of eating disordered patients. Body Image, 1, 193-198. doi: 10. 1016/j. bodyim. 2004. 01. 004.
14. Catterin, J. A., Thompson, J. K., Thomas, C., & Williams, R. (2000). Body image, mood, and televised images of attractiveness: The role of social comparison. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 19, 220-239.
15. Center for Disease Control. (2009). Differences in prevalence of obesity among Black, White, and Hispanic adults in the United States, 2006-2008. MMWR Weekly, 58, 740-744. Retrieved from http://www. cdc. gov/mmwr/mmwr_wk. html.
16. Chamorro, R., & Flores-Ortiz, Y. (2000). Acculturation and disordered eating patterns among Mexican American women. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 28, 125-129. doi: 10. 1002/(SICI)1098-108X(200007)28: 1< 125:: AID-EAT16> 3. 0. CO; 2-9.
17. Clay, D., Vignoles, V. L., & Dittmar, H. (2005). Body image and self-esteem among adolescent girls: Testing the influence of sociocultural factors. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 15, 451-477. doi: 10. 1111/j. 1532-7795. 2005. 00107. x.
18. Croll, J., Neumark-Sztainer, D., Story, M., & Ireland, M. (2002). Prevalence and risk and protective factors related to disordered eating behaviors among adolescents: Relationship to gender and ethnicity. Journal of Adolescent Health, 31, 166-175. doi: 10. 1016/S1054-139X(02)00368-3.
19. Cuéllar, I., Arnold, B., & Maldonado, R. (1995). Acculturation rating scale for Mexican Americans-II: A revision of the original ARSMA scale. Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences, 17, 275-304. doi: 10. 1177/07399863950173001.
20. Field, A., Camargo, C., Taylor, C., Berkey, C., Frazier, A., Gillman, M., et al. (1999). Overweight, weight concerns, and bulimic behaviors among girls and boys. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 38, 754-760. doi: 10. 1097/00004583-199906000-00024.
21. Fredrickson, B. L., & Roberts, T. (1997). Objectification theory: Toward understanding women's lived experiences and mental health risks. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 21, 173-206. doi: 10. 1111/j. 1471-6402. 1997. tb00108. x.
22. Garner, D. M., & Garfinkel, P. E. (1979). The eating attitudes test: An index of the symptoms of anorexia nervosa. Psychological Medicine, 9, 273-279. doi: 10. 1017/S0033291700030762.
23. Granillo, T., Jones-Rodriguez, G., & Carvajal, S. C. (2005). Prevalence of eating disorders in Latina adolescents: Associations with substance use and other correlates. Journal of Adolescent Health, 36, 214-220. doi: 10. 1016/j. jadohealth. 2004. 01. 015.
24. Groesz, L. M., Levine, M. P., & Murnen, S. K. (2002). The effect of experimental presentation of thin images on body satisfaction: A meta-analytic review. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 31, 1-16. doi: 10. 1002/eat. 10005.
25. Gutierrez, Y. M. (1999). Cultural factors affecting diet and pregnancy outcome of Mexican American adolescents. Journal of Adolescent Health, 25, 227-237. doi: 10. 1016/S1054-139X(99)00016-6.
26. Halliwell, E., & Harvey, M. (2006). Examination of a sociocultural model of disordered eating among male and female adolescents. British Journal of Health Psychology, 11, 235-248. doi: 10. 1348/135910705X39214.
27. Harrison, K. (2003). Television viewers' ideal body proportions: The case of the curvaceously thin woman. Sex Roles, 48, 255-264. doi: 10. 1023/A: 1022825421647.
28. Heinberg, L. J., Thompson, J. K., & Stormer, S. (1995). Development and validation of the sociocultural attitudes towards appearance questionnaire. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 17, 81-89. doi: 10. 1002/1098-108X(199501)17: 1< 81:: AID-EAT2260170111> 3. 0. CO; 2-Y.
29. Jones, D. C. (2004). Body image among adolescent girls and boys: A longitudinal study. Developmental Psychology, 40, 823-835. doi: 10. 1037/0012-1649. 40. 5. 823.
30. Karazsia, B. T., & Crowther, J. H. (2008). Psychological and behavioral correlates of the SATAQ-3 with males. Body Image, 5, 109-115. doi: 10. 1016/j. bodyim. 2007. 08. 004.
31. Klaczynski, P. A., Goold, K. W., & Mudry, J. J. (2004). Culture, stereotypes, self-esteem and the "thin ideal": A social identity perspective. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 33, 307-317. doi: 10. 1023/B: JOYO. 0000032639. 71472. 19.
32. Knauss, C., Paxton, S. J., & Alsaker, F. D. (2008). Body dissatisfaction in adolescent boys and girls: Objectified body consciousness, internalization of the media body ideal and perceived pressure from media. Gender Roles, 59, 633-643. doi: 10. 1007/s11199-008-9474-7.
33. Lynch, W. C., & Eppers-Reynolds, K. (2005). Children's eating attitudes test: Revised factor structure for adolescent girls. Eating and Weight Disorders, 10, 222-234.
34. Lynch, W. C., Heil, D. P., Wagner, E., & Havens, M. D. (2007). Ethnic differences in BMI, weight concerns, and eating behaviors: Comparison of Native American, White, and Hispanic adolescents. Body Image, 4, 179-190. doi: 10. 1016/j. bodyim. 2007. 01. 001.
35. Maloney, M. J., McGuire, J. B., & Daniels, S. R. (1988). Reliability testing of a children's version of the eating attitude test. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 27, 541-543. doi: 10. 1097/00004583-198809000-00004.
36. McCabe, M. P., & Ricciardelli, L. A. (2001). Parent, peer and media influences on body image and strategies to both increase and decrease body size among adolescent boys and girls. Adolescence, 36, 225-240.
37. McCabe, M. P., & Ricciardelli, L. A. (2005). A prospective study of pressures from parents, peers, and the media on extreme weight change behaviors among adolescent boys and girls. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 43, 653-668. doi: 10. 1016/j. brat. 2004. 05. 004.
38. Murnen, S. K., Smolak, L., Mills, J. A., & Good, L. (2003). Thin, sexy women and strong, muscular men: Grade-school children's responses to objectified images of women and men. Sex Roles, 49, 427-437. doi: 10. 1023/A: 1025868320206.
39. Myers, T. A., & Crowther, J. H. (2009). Social comparison as a predictor of body dissatisfaction: A meta-analytic review. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 118, 683-698. doi: 10. 1037/a0016763.
40. Neumark-Sztainer, D., Croll, J., Story, M., Hannan, P. J., French, S. A., & Perry, C. (2002). Ethnic/Racial differences in weight-related concerns and behaviours among adolescent boys and girls: Findings from project EAT. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 53, 963-974. doi: 10. 1016/S0022-3999(02)00486-5.
41. O'Dea, J. A. (2006). Self-concept, self-esteem, and body weight in adolescent females: A three-year longitudinal study. Journal of Health Psychology, 11, 599-611. doi: 10. 1177/1359105306065020.
42. Pope, H. G., Jr., Phillips, K. A., & Olivardia, R. (2000). The Adonis complex. New York: Free.
43. Preacher, K. J. (2002). Calculation for the test of the difference between two independent correlation coefficients [Computer software]. Retrieved from http://www. quantpsy. org/.
44. Ricciardelli, L. A., McCabe, M. P., Williams, R. J., & Thompson, J. K. (2007). The role of ethnicity and culture in body image and disordered eating among males. Clinical Psychology Review, 27, 582-606. doi: 10. 1016/j. cpr. 2007. 01. 016.
45. Rivadeneyra, R., Ward, L. M., & Gordon, M. (2007). Distorted reflections: Media exposure and Latino adolescents' conceptions of self. Media Psychology, 9, 261-290. doi: 10. 1080/15213260701285926.
46. Santiago-Rivera, A. L., Arredondo, P., & Gallardo-Cooper, M. (2002). Counseling Latinos and la familia: A practical guide. Thousand Oaks: Sage.
47. Schooler, D. (2008). Real women have curves: A longitudinal investigation of TV and the body image development of Latina adolescents. Journal of Adolescent Research, 23, 132-153. doi: 10. 1177/0743558407310712.
48. Smolak, L., & Levine, M. P. (1994). Psychometric properties of the children's eating attitudes test. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 16, 275-282. doi: 10. 1002/1098-108X(199411)16: 3< 275:: AID-EAT2260160308> 3. 0. CO; 2-U.
49. Smolak, L., & Murnen, S. K. (2008). Drive for leanness: Assessment and relationship to gender, gender role and objectification. Body Image, 5, 251-260. doi: 10. 1016/j. bodyim. 2008. 03. 004.
50. Smolak, L., & Stein, J. A. (2006). The relationship of drive for muscularity to sociocultural factors, self-esteem, physical attributes gender role, and social comparison in middle school boys. Body Image, 3, 121-129. doi: 10. 1016/j. bodyim. 2006. 03. 002.
51. Smolak, L., Murnen, S. K., & Thompson, J. K. (2005). Sociocultural influences and muscle building in adolescent boys. Psychology of Men & Masculinity, 6, 227-239. doi: 10. 1037/1524-9220. 6. 4. 227.
52. Snapp, S. (2009). Internalization of the thin ideal among low-income ethnic minority adolescent girls. Body Image, 6, 311-314. doi: 10. 1016/j. bodyim. 2009. 05. 005.
53. Spitzer, B. A., Henderson, K. A., & Zivian, M. T. (1999). Gender differences in population versus media body sizes: A comparison over four decades. Gender Roles, 40, 545-565. doi: 10. 1023/A: 1018836029738.
54. Stein, K. F., Corte, C., & Ronis, D. L. (2010). Personal identities and disordered eating behaviors in Mexican American women. Eating Behaviors, 11, 197-200. doi: 10. 1016/j. eatbeh. 2010. 02. 001.
55. Stice, E. (2002). Risk and maintenance factors for eating pathology: A meta-analytic review. Psychological Bulletin, 128, 825-848. doi: 10. 1037/0033-2909. 128. 5. 825.
56. Strasburger, V. C., & Donnerstein, E. (2000). Children, adolescents, and the media in the 21st century. Adolescent Medicine, 11, 51-68.
57. Striegel-Moore, R. H., Silberstein, L. R., & Rodin, J. (1986). Toward an understanding of risk factors for bulimia. American Psychologist, 41, 246-263. doi: 10. 1037/0003-066X. 41. 3. 246.
58. Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2001). Using multivariate statistics (4th ed.). Boston: Allyn & Bacon.
59. Thompson, J. K., Heinberg, L. J., Altabe, M., & Tantleff-Dunn, S. (1999). Exacting beauty: Theory, assessment, and treatment of body image disturbance. Washington: American Psychological Association. doi: 10. 1037/10312-000.
60. Thompson, J. K., van den Berg, P., Roehrig, M., Guarda, A. S., & Heinberg, L. J. (2004). The sociocultural attitudes towards appearance questionnaire (SATAQ-3): Development and validation. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 35, 48-58. doi: 10. 1002/eat. 10257.
61. U. S. Census Bureau. (2002). Demographic trends in the 20th century: Census 2000 special reports. Retrieved from http://www. census. gov/prod/2002pubs/censr-4. pdf.
62. Ward, L. M. (1995). Talking about sex: Common themes about sexuality in the prime-time television programs children and adolescents view most. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 24, 595-615. doi: 10. 1007/BF01537058.
63. Ward, L. M. (2003). Understanding the role of entertainment in media in the sexual socialization of American youth: A review of empirical research. Developmental Review, 23, 347-388. doi: 10. 1016/S0273-2297(03)00013-3.
64. Warren, C. S. (2008). The influence of awareness and internalization of Western appearance ideals on body dissatisfaction in Euro-American and Latino males. Psychology of Men and Masculinity, 9, 257-266.
65. Warren, C. S., Gleaves, D. H., Cepeda-Benito, A., Fernandez, M. C., & Rodriguez-Ruiz, S. (2005). Ethnicity as a protective factor against internalization of a thin-ideal and body dissatisfaction. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 37, 241-249. doi: 10. 1080/10640260903439532.
66. Warren, C. S., Castillo, L. H., & Gleaves, D. H. (2010). The sociocultural model of eating disorders in Mexican American women: Behavioral acculturation and cognitive marginalization as moderators. Eating Disorders, 18, 43-57. doi: 10. 1037/a0012472.
67. Wildes, J. E., Emery, R. E., & Simons, A. D. (2001). The roles of ethnicity and culture in the development of eating disturbance and body dissatisfaction: A meta-analytic review. Clinical Psychology Review, 21, 521-551. doi: 10. 1016/S0272-7358(99)00071-9.
68. World Health Organization. (1995). Physical status: The use and interpretation of anthropometry. (WHO Technical Report Series 854). Retrieved from http://www. who. int/en/.