The functions of nonsuicidal self-injury: Support for cognitive-affective regulation and opponent processes from a novel psychophysiological paradigm

Journal of Abnormal Psychology

Volumn 119, Issue 4, 2010, Pages 850-862

  Franklin, Joseph C ^a   Hessel, Elenda T ^a   Aaron, Rachel V ^a   Arthur, Michael S ^a   Heilbron, Nicole ^a   Prinstein, Mitchell J ^a  

^a The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill   (United States)

Author keywords

Affect dysregulation; Nonsuicidal self injury; NSSI; PPI; Prepulse inhibition

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AFFECT; AROUSAL; ARTICLE; AUTOMUTILATION; CLINICAL ARTICLE; COGNITION; CONTROLLED STUDY; EMOTIONALITY; FEMALE; HUMAN; MALE; NONSUICIDAL SELF INJURY; PREPULSE INHIBITION; PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY; REGULATORY MECHANISM; STARTLE REFLEX;

EID: 78649718275     PISSN: 0021843X     EISSN: 19391846     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1037/a0020896     Document Type: Article

References (56)

1. Andreatta M., Muhlberger A., Yarali A., Gerber B., Pauli P. A rift between implicit and explicit condition valence in human pain relief learning. Proceedings of the Royal Society B 2010, 277:2411-2416.
2. Benning S.D., Patrick C.J., Lang A.R. Emotional modulation of the post-auricular reflex. Psychophysiology 2004, 41:426-432. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8986.00160.x.
3. Bitsios P., Giakoumaki S.G. Relationship of prepulse inhibition of the startle reflex to attentional and executive mechanisms in man. International Journal of Psychophysiology 2005, 55:229-241. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2004.08.002.
4. Bitsios P., Giakoumaki S., Theou K., Frangou S. Increased prepulse inhibition of the acoustic startle response is associated with better strategy formation and execution times in healthy males. Neuropsychologia 2006, 44:2494-2499. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2006.04.001.
5. Blumenthal T.D. Short lead interval modification. In M. E. Dawson. Startle modification: Implications for neuroscience, cognitive science, and clinical science 1999, 51-71. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England, doi: 10.1017/CBO9780511665523.005. A.M. Schell, A.H. Bohmelt (Eds.).
6. Blumenthal T.D., Cuthbert B.N., Filion D.L., Hackley S., Lipp O.V., van Boxtel A. Committee report: Guidelines for human startle eyeblink electromyographic studies. Psychophysiology 2005, 42:1-15. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8986.2005.00271.x.
7. Blumenthal T.D., Elden A., Flaten M.A. A comparison of several methods used to quantify prepulse inhibition of eyeblink responding. Psychophysiology 2004, 41:326-332. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8986.2003.00144.x.
8. Blumenthal T.D., Noto J.V., Fox M.A., Franklin J.C. Background noise decreases both prepulse elicitation and inhibition of acoustic startle blink responding. Biological Psychology 2006, 72:173-179. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2005.10.001.
9. Bradley M.M., Cuthbert B.N., Lang P.J. Affect and the startle reflex. Startle modification: Implications for neuroscience, cognitive science, and clinical science 1999, 157-183. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England, doi: 10.1017/CBO9780511665523.010. M.E. Dawson, A.M. Schell, A.H. Bohmelt (Eds.).
10. Braff D., Stone C., Callaway E., Geyer M., Glick I., Bali L. Prestimulus effects on human startle reflex in normals and schizophrenics. Psychophysiology 1978, 15:339-343. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8986.1978.tb01390.x.
11. Brain K.L., Haines J., Williams C.L. The psychophysiology of self-mutilation: Evidence of tension reduction. Archives of Suicide Research 1998, 4:227-242. doi: 10.1080/13811119808258298.
12. Brown S.M., Manuck S.B., Flory J.D., Hariri A.R. Neural basis of individual differences in impulsivity: Contributions of corticolimbic circuits for behavioral arousal and control. Emotion 2006, 6:239-245. doi: 10.1037/1528-3542.6.2.239.
13. Cadenhead K.S., Geyer M.A., Braff D.L. Impaired startle prepulse inhibition and habituation in patients with schizotypal personality disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry 1993, 150:1862-1867.
14. Darche M.A. Psychological factors differentiating self-mutilating and non-self mutilating adolescent inpatient females. Psychiatric Hospital 1990, 21:31-35.
15. Dawson M.E., Schell A.M., Hazlett E.A., Nuechterlein K.H., Filion D.L. On the clinical and cognitive meaning of impaired sensorimotor gating in schizophrenia. Psychiatry Research 2000, 96:187-197. doi: 10.1016/S0165-1781(00)00208-0.
16. DiClemente R.J., Ponton L.E., Hartley D. Prevalence and correlates of cutting behavior: Risk for HIV transmission. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 1991, 30:735-739. doi: 10.1097/00004583-199109000-00006.
17. Dillon D.G., LaBar K.S. Startle modulation during conscious emotion regulation is arousal-dependent. Behavioral Neuroscience 2005, 119:1118-1124. doi: 10.1037/0735-7044.119.4.1118.
18. Duley A.R., Hillman C.H., Coombes S., Janelle C.M. Sensorimotor gating and anxiety: Prepulse inhibition following acute exercise. International Journal of Psychophysiology 2007, 64:157-164. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2007.01.006.
19. Duncan S., Barrett L.F. Affect as a form of cognition: A neurobiological analysis. Cognition & Emotion 2007, 21:1184-1211. doi: 10.1080/02699930701437931.
20. Franklin J.C., Bowker K.B., Blumenthal T.D. The association between anxiety and prepulse inhibition of acoustic startle in a normative sample: The importance of signal-to-noise ratio. Personality and Individual Differences 2009, 46:369-373. doi: 10.1016/j.paid.2008.11.004.
21. Gratz K.L., Roemer L. Multidimensional assessment of emotion regulation and dysregulation: Development, factor structure, and initial validation of the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment 2004, 26:41-54. doi: 10.1023/B:JOBA.0000007455.08539.94.
22. Gratz K.L., Roemer L. The relationship between emotion dysregulation and deliberate self-harm among female undergraduate students at an urban commuter university. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy 2008, 37:14-25. doi: 10.1080/16506070701819524.
23. Grillon C., Davis M. Effects of stress and shock anticipation on prepulse inhibition of the startle reflex. Psychophysiology 1997, 34:511-517. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8986.1997.tb01737.x.
24. Haines J., Williams C.L., Brain K.L., Wilson G.V. The psychophysiology of self-mutilation. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 1995, 104:471-489. doi: 10.1037/0021-843X.104.3.471.
25. Inglis W.L., Olmstead M.C., Robbins T.W. Selective deficits in attentional performance on the 5-choice serial reaction time task following pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus lesions. Behavioural Brain Research 2001, 123:117-131. doi: 10.1016/S0166-4328(01)00181-4.
26. Janis I.B., Nock M.K. Are self-injurers impulsive? Results from two behavioral laboratory studies. Psychiatry Research 2009, 169:261-267. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2008.06.041.
27. Joiner T. Why people die by suicide 2005, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA.
28. Klonsky E.D. The functions of deliberate self-injury: A review of the evidence. Clinical Psychology Review 2007, 27:226-239. doi: 10.1016/j.cpr.2006.08.002.
29. Klonsky E.D. The functions of self-injury in young adults who cut themselves: Clarifying the evidence for affect-regulation. Psychiatry Research 2009, 166:260-268. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2008.02.008.
30. Klossika I., Flor H., Kamping S., Bleichhardt G., Trautmann N., Treede R., Schmahl C. Emotional modulation of pain: A clinical perspective. Pain 2006, 124:264-268. doi: 10.1016/j.pain.2006.08.007.
31. Koch M., Fendt M. Startle response modulation as a behavioral tool in neuropharmacology. Current Neuropharmacology 2003, 1:175-185. doi: 10.2174/1570159033477161.
32. Koob G.F. Dynamics of neuronal circuits in addiction: Reward, antireward, and emotional memory. Pharmacopsychiatry 2009, 42(Suppl. 1):S32-S41. doi: 10.1055/s-0029-1216356.
33. Kumari V., Das M., Hodgins S., Zachariah E., Barkataki I., Howlett M., Sharma T. Associations between violent behaviour and impaired prepulse inhibition of the startle response in antisocial personality disorder and schizophrenia. Behavioural Brain Research 2005, 158:159-166. doi: 10.1016/j.bbr.2004.08.021.
34. Lang P.J., Bradley M.M., Cuthbert B.N. Emotion, attention, and the startle reflex. Psychological Review 1990, 97:377-395. doi: 10.1037/0033-295X.97.3.377.
35. Linehan M.M. Cognitive-behavior treatment of borderline personality disorder 1993, Guilford Press, New York, NY.
36. Lloyd-Richardson E. Adolescent nonsuicidal self-injury: Who is doing it and why?. Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics 2008, 29:216-218. doi: 10.1097/DBP.0b013e318173a5c1.
37. Nisbett R.E., Wilson T.D. Telling more than we can know: Verbal reports on mental processes. Psychological Review 1977, 84:231-259. doi: 10.1037/0033-295X.84.3.231.
38. Nock M.K., Joiner T.E., Gordon K.H., Lloyd-Richardson E., Prinstein M.J. Non-suicidal self-injury among adolescents: Diagnostic correlates and relation to suicide attempts. Psychiatry Research 2006, 144:65-72. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2006.05.010.
39. Nock, M. K., Mendes, W. B., Deliberto, T. L., & Dour, H. J. (2009, November). Evidence for the affect regulating properties of self-injury: Results from a real-time physiological monitoring study. In J. M. Hooley & M. K. Nock (Co-chairs), New conceptual and methodological approaches to the study of self-injury. Symposium conducted at the 43rd Annual Convention of the Association for Behavioral and Cognitive Therapies, New York, NY.
40. Nock M.K., Prinstein M.J. A functional approach to the assessment of self-mutilative behavior. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 2004, 72:885-890. doi: 10.1037/0022-006X.72.5.885.
41. Ochsner K., Gross J. Cognitive emotion regulation: Insights from social cognitive and affective neuroscience. Current Directions in Psychological Science 2008, 17:153-158. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8721.2008.00566.x.
42. Patrick C.J., Bradley M.M., Lang P.J. Emotion in the criminal psychopath: Startle reflex modulation. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 1993, 102:82-92. doi: 10.1037/0021-843X.102.1.82.
43. Russ M.J., Roth S.D., Lerman A., Kakuma T., Harrison K., Shindledecker R.D., Mattis S. Pain perception in self-injurious patients with borderline personality disorder. Biological Psychiatry 1992, 32:501-511. doi: 10.1016/0006-3223(92)90218-O.
44. Schmahl C., Bohus M., Esposito F., Treede R., Di Salle F., Greffrath W., Seifritz E. Neural correlates of antinociception in borderline personality disorder. Archives of General Psychiatry 2006, 63:659-667. doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.63.6.659.
45. Solomon R.L. The opponent-process theory of acquired motivation: The costs of pleasure and the benefits of pain. American Psychologist 1980, 35:691-712. doi: 10.1037/0003-066X.35.8.691.
46. Stojanov W., Karayanidis F., Johnston P., Bailey A., Carr V., Schall U. Disrupted sensory gating in pathological gambling. Biological Psychiatry 2003, 54:474-484. doi: 10.1016/S0006-3223(02)01745-6.
47. Swerdlow N.R., Geyer M.A., Braff D.L. Neural regulation of prepulse inhibition of startle in the rat: Current knowledge and future challenges. Psychopharmacology 2001, 156:194-215. doi: 10.1007/s002130100799.
48. Tavernor S.J., Abduljawad K.A.J., Langley R.W., Bradshaw C.M., Szabadi E. Effects of pentagastrin and the cold pressor test on the acoustic startle response and pupillary function in man. Journal of Psychopharmacology 2000, 14:387-394. doi: 10.1177/026988110001400407.
49. Vaidyanathan U., Patrick C., Cuthbert B. Linking dimensional models of internalizing psychopathology to neurobiological systems: Affect-modulated startle as an indicator of fear and distress disorders and affiliated traits. Psychological Bulletin 2009, 135:909-942. doi: 10.1037/a0017222.
50. Walker D.L., Cassella J.V., Lee Y., De Lima T.C.M., Davis M. Opposing roles of the amygdala and dorsolateral periaqueductal gray in fear-potentiated startle. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Review 1997, 21:743-753. doi: 10.1016/S0149-7634(96)00061-9.
51. Wallenstein M.B., Nock M.K. Physical exercise as a treatment for non-suicidal self-injury: Evidence from a single case study. American Journal of Psychiatry 2007, 164:350-351. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.164.2.350-a.
52. Welch S.S., Linehan M.M., Sylvers P., Chittams J., Rizvi S.L. Emotional responses to self-injury imagery among adults with borderline personality disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 2008, 76:45-51. doi: 10.1037/0022-006X.76.1.45.
53. Whitlock J., Eckenrode J., Silverman D. Self-injurious behaviors in a college population. Pediatrics 2006, 117:1939-1948. doi: 10.1542/peds.2005-2543.
54. Willoughby M., Vandergrift N., Blair C., Granger D.A. A structural equation modeling approach for the analysis of cortisol data using pre-post-post designs. Structural Equation Modeling 2007, 14:125-145. doi: 10.1207/s15328007sem1401_7.
55. Winn P. How best to consider the structure and function of the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus: Evidence from animal studies. Journal of the Neurological Sciences 2006, 248:234-250.
56. Yee C.M., Mathis K.I., Sun J.C., Sholty G.L., Lang P.J., Bachman P., Nuechterlein K.H. Integrity of emotional and motivational states during the prodromal, first-episode, and chronic phases of schizophrenia. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 2010, 119:71-82. doi: 10.1037/a0018475.