Emotional modulation of the post-auricular reflex

Psychophysiology

Volumn 41, Issue 3, 2004, Pages 426-432

  Benning, Stephen D ^a   Patrick, Christopher J ^a   Lang, Alan R ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA   (United States)

^b FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Appetitive; Emotion; Post auricular; Post auricular reflex; Reflex; Startle

Indexed keywords

ACOUSTIC REFLEX; ADULT; ARTICLE; ATTENTION; ELECTROMYOGRAPHY; EMOTION; EYELID REFLEX; HUMAN; HUMAN EXPERIMENT; MALE; NOISE; NORMAL HUMAN; PHOTOGRAPHY; POSTAURICULAR REFLEX; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SPINAL REFLEX; STARTLE REFLEX; STATISTICAL ANALYSIS;

ADULT; EAR, EXTERNAL; ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY; EMOTIONS; HUMANS; MALE; MUSCLE CONTRACTION; REFLEX; STARTLE REACTION;

EID: 2642517245     PISSN: 00485772     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8986.00160.x     Document Type: Article

References (42)

1. Ames, K. A., Merritt, N. P., Stout, K., & Hetrick, W. P. (2003). Differential effects of affective modulation on orbicularis and post-auricular indices of startle. Psychophysiology, 40, S22.
2. Anthony, B. J., & Graham, F. K. (1985). Blink reflex modification by selective attention: Evidence for the modulation of automatic processing. Biological Psychology, 21, 43-59.
3. Benning, S. D., Patrick, C. J., Hicks, B., Blonigen, D., & Lang, A. R. (2001). Affective modulation of blink startle and post-auricular reflexes to noise probes. Psychophysiology, 38, S24.
4. Bonnet, M., Bradley, M. M., Lang, P. J., & Requin, J. (1995). Modulation of spinal reflexes: Arousal, pleasure, action. Psychophysiology, 32, 367-372.
5. Bradley, M. M., Codispoti, M., Cuthbert, B. N., & Lang, P. J. (2001). Emotion and motivation 1: Defensive and appetitive reactions in picture processing. Emotion, 1, 276-298.
6. Bradley, M. M., Cuthbert, B. N., & Lang, P. J. (1993). Emotion, novelty, and the startle reflex: Habituation in humans. Behavioral Neuroscience, 107, 970-980.
7. Bradley, M. M., Drobes, D., & Lang, P. J. (1996). A probe for all reasons: Reflex and RT measures in perception. Psychophysiology, 33, S25.
8. Braff, D. L., Geyer, M. A., & Swerdlow, N. R. (2001). Human studies of prepulse inhibition of startle: Normal subjects, patient groups, and pharmacological studies. Psychopharmacology, 156, 234-258.
9. Cassella, J. V., & Davis, M. (1986). Habituation, prepulse inhibition, fear conditioning, and drug modulation of the acoustically elicited pinna reflex in rats. Behavioral Neuroscience, 100, 39-44.
10. Cassella, J. V., Harty, P. T., & Davis, M. (1986). Fear conditioning, prepulse inhibition and drug modulation of a short latency startle response measured electromyographically from neck muscles in the rat. Physiology and Behavior, 36, 1187-1191.
11. Center for the Study of Emotion and Attention [CSEA-NIMH]. (1999). The international affective picture system: Digitized photographs. Gainesville, FL: The Center for Research in Psychophysiology, University of Florida.
12. Cook, E. W. III, Atkinson, L. S., & Lang, K. G. (1987). Stimulus control and data acquisition for IBM PCs and compatibles. Psychophysiology, 2, 726-727.
13. Cuthbert, B. N., Bradley, M. M., & Lang, P. J. (1996). Probing picture perception: Activation and emotion. Psychophysiology, 33, 103-111.
14. Davis, M., Gendelman, D. S., Tischler, M. D., & Gendelman, P. M. (1982). A primary acoustic startle circuit: Lesion and stimulation studies. Journal of Neuroscience, 2, 791-805.
15. Davis, M., Walker, D. L., & Lee, Y. (1999). Neurophysiology and neuropharmacology of startle and its affective modulation. In M. E. Dawson, M. E. Schell, & A. H. Bohmelt (Eds.), Startle modification: Implications for neuroscience, cognitive science, and clinical science (pp. 95-117). New York: Cambridge University Press.
16. Graham, F. K. (1975). The more or less startling effects of weak prestimulation. Psychophysiology, 2, 238-247.
17. Gray, H. (1901/1995). Anatomy: Descriptive and surgical (15th edn). New York: Barnes and Noble Books, Inc.
18. Hackley, S. A. (1993). An evaluation of the automaticity of sensory processing using event-related potentials and brain-stem reflexes. Psychophysiology, 30, 415-428.
19. Hackley, S. A., Woldorff, M., & Hillyard, S. A. (1987). Combined use of microreflexes and event-related brain potentials as measures of auditory selective attention. Psychophysiology, 24, 632-647.
20. Hamm, A. O., Greenwald, M. K., Bradley, M. M., & Lang, P. J. (1993). Emotional learning, hedonic change, and the startle probe. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 102, 453-465.
21. Harmon-Jones, E., & Sigelman, J. (2001). State anger and prefrontal brain activity: Evidence that insult-related relative left-prefrontal activation is associated with experienced anger and aggression. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 80, 797-803.
22. Heim, C., Sova, L., Kurz, T., Kolasiewicz, W., Schwegler, H., & Sontag, K.-H. (2002). Partial loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra, ventrotegmental area and the retrorubral area - Model of the early beginning of Parkinson's symptomatology? Journal of Neural Transmission, 109, 691-709.
23. Hitchcock, J., & Davis, M. (1986). Lesions of the amygdala, but not of the cerebellum or red nucleus, block conditioned fear as measured with the potentiated startle paradigm. Behavioral Neuroscience, 100, 11-22.
24. Konorski, J. (1967). Integrative activity of the brain: An interdisciplinary approach. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
25. Lang, P. J. (1980). Behavioral treatment and bio-behavioral assessment: Computer applications. In J. B. Sidowski, J. H. Johnson, & T. A. Williams (Eds.), Technology in mental health care delivery systems (pp. 119-137). Norwood, NJ: Ablex.
26. Lang, P. J., Bradley, M. M., & Cuthbert, B. N. (1990). Emotion, attention, and the startle reflex. Psychological Review, 97, 377-395.
27. Lang, P. J., Bradley, M. M., & Cuthbert, B. N. (1997). Motivated attention: Affect, activation, and action. In P. J. Lang, R. F. Simons, & M. Balaban (Eds.), Attention and orienting: Sensory and motivational processes (pp. 97-135). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
28. Levenston, G. K., Patrick, C. J., Bradley, M. M., & Lang, P. J. (2000). The psychopath as observer: Emotion and attention in picture processing. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 109, 373-385.
29. Li, L., & Frost, B. J. (1996). Azimuthal sensitivity of rat pinna reflex: EMG recordings from cervicoauricular muscles. Hearing Research, 100, 192-200.
30. MathWorks, Inc. (2000). Matlab (Version 6.0.0.88). Natick, MA: Author.
31. Moulder, B., Bradley, M., Requin, J., & Lang, P. (1995). Tales of Hoffman: Spinal reflexes and emotion. Psychophysiology, 32, S54.
32. Newcombe, R. G. (1998). Two-sided confidence intervals for the single proportion: Comparison of seven methods. Statistics in Medicine, 17, 857-872.
33. O'Beirne, G. A., & Patuzzi, R. B. (1999). Basic properties of the sound-evoked post-auricular muscle response (PAMR). Hearing Research, 138, 115-132.
34. Patrick, C. J., & Berthot, B. D. (1995). Startle potentiation during anticipation of a noxious stimulus: Active versus passive response sets. Psychophysiology, 32, 72-80.
35. Patuzzi, R. B., & O'Beirne, G. A. (1999). Effects of eye rotation on the sound-evoked post-auricular muscle response (PAMR). Hearing Research, 138, 133-146.
36. Schupp, H. T., Cuthbert, B. N., Bradley, M., Birbaumber, N., & Lang, P. J. (1997). Probe P3 and blinks: Two measures of affective startle modulation. Psychophysiology, 34, 1-6.
37. Sollers, J. J., & Hackley, S. A. (1997). Effects of foreperiod duration on reflexive and voluntary responses to intense noise bursts. Psychophysiology, 34, 518-526.
38. Stekelenburg, J. J., & van Boxtel, A. (2001). Inhibition of pericranial muscle activity, respiration, and heart rate enhances auditory sensitivity. Psychophysiology, 38, 629-641.
39. Stekelenburg, J. J., & van Boxtel, A. (2002). Pericranial muscular, respiratory, and heart rate components of the orienting response. Psychophysiology, 39, 707-722.
40. Trivedi, S., & Mohnot, S. M. (2002). Functional status of pinna muscles in Hanuman langurs, Semnopithecus entellus: Speculation on functional loss of pinna muscles in humans. Primate Report, 63, 41-47.
41. Vrana, S. R., Spence, E. L., & Lang, P. J. (1988). The startle probe response: A new measure of emotion? Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 97, 487-491.
42. Waraczynski, M., & Perkins, M. (2000). Temporary inactivation of the retrorubral fields decreases the rewarding effect of medial forebrain bundle stimulation. Brain Research, 885, 154-165.