"No Father Required"? The Welfare Assessment in the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act 2008

Feminist Legal Studies

Volumn 18, Issue 3, 2010, Pages 201-225

  McCandless, Julie ^a   Sheldon, Sally ^b  

^a LONDON SCHOOL OF ECONOMICS   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF KENT   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Fatherhood; Human fertilisation and embryology; Reproductive technologies; Sexual family; Supportive parenting; Welfare of the child

Indexed keywords

EID: 78649716014     PISSN: 09663622     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s10691-010-9164-z     Document Type: Article

References (68)

1. Barlow, Anne, Simon Duncan, Grace James, and Alison Park. 2005. Cohabitation, marriage and the law: Social change and legal reform in the 21st century. Oxford: Hart Publishing.
2. Blackstock, Colin. 2004. No need for fathers in IVF treatment says fertility chief. The Guardian, January 21.
3. Blyth, Eric. 1995. The United Kingdom's Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act 1990 and the welfare of the child: A critique. The International Journal of Children's Rights 3: 417-438.
4. Blyth, Eric, and Chris Cameron. 1998. The welfare of the child: An emerging issue in assisted reproduction. Human Reproduction 13: 2339-2355.
5. Brazier, Margaret. 1999. Regulating the reproduction business. Medical Law Review 7: 166-193.
6. Brewaeys, Anne, Ingrid Ponjaert, Eylard van Hall, and Susan Golombok. 1997. Donor insemination: Child development and family functioning in lesbian mother families. Human Reproduction 12: 1349-1359.
7. Collier, Richard. 2006. Feminist legal studies and the subject(s) of men: Questions of text, terrain and context in the politics of family law. In Feminist perspectives on family law, ed. Alison Diduck, and Katherine O'Donovan, 235-250. Abingdon: Cavendish.
8. Collier, Richard, and Sally Sheldon. 2007. Fathers' rights activism and law reform in comparative perspective. Oxford: Hart Publishing.
9. Collier, Richard, and Sally Sheldon. 2008. Fragmenting fatherhood: A socio-legal study. Oxford: Hart Publishing.
10. Cook, Emily. 2009. The end of men? Scientists create sperm in the lab out of stem cells. Daily Mirror, 8 July.
11. Cooper, Davina, and Didi Herman. 1991. Getting 'the family right': Legislating heterosexuality in Britain, 1986-1991. Canadian Journal of Family Law 10: 41-78.
12. Cutas, Daniela. 2007. Postmenopausal motherhood: Immoral? Illegal? A case study. Bioethics 21: 458-463.
13. Davis, Gwynn, Nicholas Wikely, Richard Young, Jacqueline Barron, and Julie Bedward. 1998. Child support in action. Oxford: Hart Publishing.
14. Department of Health. 2005. Review of the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act: A public consultation. London: HMSO.
15. Department of Health. 2006. Review of the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act: Proposals for revised legislation (Cm 6989). London: HMSO.
16. Department of Health. 2009. Primary care trust survey: Position of IVF in England. London: HMSO.
17. Diduck, Alison, and Felicity Kagagnas. 2006. Family law, gender and the state, 2nd ed. Oxford: Hart Publishing.
18. Donnelly, Laura. 2007. Fathers 'no longer needed for IVF'. The Telegraph, 9 September.
19. Douglas, Gillian. 1992. Access to assisted reproduction: Legal and other criteria for eligibility. London: Nuffield Foundation.
20. Douglas, Gillian. 1993. Assisted reproduction and the welfare of the child. Current Legal Problems 5: 53-74.
21. Fineman, Martha. 1995. The neutered mother, the sexual family and other twentieth century tragedies. New York: Routledge.
22. Golombok, Susan, Anne Brewaeys, M. T. Giavazzi, Diana Guerra, Fiona MacCallum, and John Rust. 2002. The European study of assisted reproduction families: The transition to adolescence. Human Reproduction 17: 830-840.
23. Golombok, Susan, Beth Perry, Amanda Burston, Clare Murray, Julie Mooney-Somers, Madeleine Stevens, and Jean Golding. 2003. Children with lesbian parents: A community study. Developmental Psychology 39: 20-33.
24. Hansard Society. 2004. Online consultation on human reproductive technologies and the law, commissioned by the Science and Technology Committee (summary report). London: HMSO.
25. Harding, Rosie. 2010. Regulating sexuality: Legal consciousness in lesbian and gay lives. London: Routledge.
26. Harris, Evan. 2010. The demise of HFEA-Don't lament-or celebrate-too soon, it may never happen. Bionews 569, 2 August.
27. Henderson, Mark, Francis Elliot, Ruth Gledhill, and Sam Coates. 2008. Women win right to children without fathers. The Times, 20 May.
28. Hinsliff, Gaby. 2004. Gay couples to get new rights to fertility treatment. The Observer, 15 August.
29. Hinsliff, Gaby. 2005. Blunkett blasted for 'intrusion' in Kimberly Quinn paternity battle. The Observer, 6 March.
30. HM Government. 2007. Government response to the report from the Joint Committee on the Human Tissues and Embryos (Draft) Bill (Cm 7209). London: HMSO.
31. House of Commons Science and Technology Committee. 2005. Human reproductive technologies and the law (Fifth report of session 2004-2005, HC papers 7-I and 7-II). London: HMSO.
32. Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority. 1991. Code of practice, 1st ed. London: HFEA.
33. Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority. 2003. Code of practice, 6th ed. London: HFEA.
34. Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority. 2005. Tomorrow's children: A consultation on guidance to licensed fertility clinics on taking into account the welfare of children to be born of assisted conception treatment. London: HFEA.
35. Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority. 2007. Code of practice, 7th ed. London: HFEA.
36. Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority. 2009a. Code of practice, 8th ed. London: HFEA.
37. Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority. 2009b. Consultation report: Code of practice and revised consent forms, 8th ed. London: HFEA.
38. Jackson, Emily. 2002. Conception and the irrelevance of the welfare principle. Modern Law Review 65: 176-203.
39. Joint Committee 2007 House of Lords, House of Commons Joint Committee on the Human Tissue and Embryos (Draft) Bill, Vol I: Report (Session 2006-2007, HL paper 169-I, HC paper 630-II), Vol II: Evidence (Session 2006-2007, HL paper 169-II, HC paper 630-II). London: HMSO.
40. Jones, Caroline. 2007. Why donor insemination requires developments in family law: The need for new definitions of parenthood. Lampeter: Edwin Mellen Press.
41. Kennedy, Richard, Charles Kingsland, Antony Rutherford, Mark Hamilton, and William Ledger. 2006. Implementation of the NICE guidance-Recommendations from the British Fertility Society for national criteria for NHS funding of assisted conception. Human Fertility 9: 181-189.
42. Laurence, Jeremy. 2004. Fathers no longer required: Fertility chief signals an IVF revolution. The Independent, 21 January.
43. Lee, Robert, and Derek Morgan. 2001. Human fertilisation and embryology: Regulating the reproductive revolution, 2nd ed. London: Blackstone.
44. Lewis, Charlie, Amalia Papacosta, and Jo Warin. 2002. Cohabitation, separation and fatherhood. London: Joseph Rowntree Foundation.
45. MacCallum, Fiona, and Susan Golombok. 2004. Children raised in fatherless families from infancy: A follow-up of the children of lesbian and single heterosexual mothers at early adolescence. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 45: 1407-1419.
46. MacRae, Fiona. 2009. Another blow to fatherhood: IVF mothers can name ANYONE as 'father' on birth certificate-and it doesn't even have to be a man. Daily Mail, 2 March.
47. McCandless, Julie. 2009. Reproducing the sexual family: Law, gender and parenthood in assisted reproduction. PhD thesis, Keele University.
48. McCandless, Julie, and Sally Sheldon. 2010. The Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act (2008): The enduring legacy of the sexual family. Modern Law Review 73: 175-207.
49. McGuinness, Sheelagh, and Amel Alghrani. 2008. Gender and parenthood: The case for realignment. Medical Law Review 16: 261-283.
50. Millns, Susan. 1995. Making "social judgements that go beyond the purely medical": The reproductive revolution and access to fertility treatment services. In Law and body politics: Regulating the female body, ed. Jo Bridgeman, and Susan Millns, 79-104. Dartmouth: Aldershot.
51. Mooney-Somers, Julie, and Susan Golombok. 2000. Children of lesbian mothers: From the 1970s to the new millennium. Sex and Marital Therapy 15: 121-126.
52. O'Neill, Rebecca. 2002. Experiments in living: The fatherless family. London: Civitas.
53. Perry, Beth, Amanda Burston, Madeleine Stevens, Howard Steele, Jean Golding, and Susan Golombok. 2004. Children's play narratives: What they tell us about lesbian mother families. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry 74: 467-479.
54. Plomer, Aurora, Iain Smith, and Norma Martin-Clement. 1999. Rationing policies on access to in vitro fertilisation in the NHS, UK. Reproductive Health Matters 7: 60-70.
55. Raper, Vivienne. 2010. New breed of fertility watchdog on way. Bionews 568, 26 July.
56. Robertson, John. 2009. Lesbian couple win legal battle to get fertility treatment on the NHS. The Scotsman, 27 February.
57. Saffron, Lisa. 2002. Can fertility service providers justify discrimination against lesbians? Human Fertility 5: 42-46.
58. Sheldon, Sally. 2005. Fragmenting fatherhood: The regulation of reproductive technologies. Modern Law Review 68: 523-553.
59. Sheldon, Sally. 2009. From "absent object of blame" to "fathers who take responsibility": Reforming birth registration law. Journal of Social Welfare and Family Law 31: 373-389.
60. Smart, Carol. 1984. The ties that bind: Law, marriage and the reproduction of patriarchal relations. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
61. Smith, Leanne. 2006. Is three a crowd? Lesbian mothers' perspectives on parental status in law. Child and Family Law Quarterly 18: 231-252.
62. Stanworth, Michelle. 1987. Reproductive technologies and the deconstruction of motherhood. In Reproductive technologies: Gender, motherhood and medicine, ed. Michelle Stanworth, 10-35. Cambridge: Polity Press.
63. Steinberg, Deborah. 1997. Bodies in glass: Genetics, eugenics, embryo ethics. Manchester: Manchester University Press.
64. Stevens, Madeleine, Beth Perry, Amanda Burston, Jean Golding, and Susan Golombok. 2003. Openness in lesbian mother's families regarding mother's sexual orientation and child's conception by donor insemination. Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology 21: 1-16.
65. Templeton, Sarah Kate. 2009. Lesbian couple win fight for IVF on the NHS. The Sunday Times, 19 July.
66. Wallbank, Julie. 2004. Reconstructing the HFEA: Is blood really thicker than water? Child and Family Law Quarterly 16: 387-397.
67. Warnock, Mary. 1984. Report of the Committee of Inquiry into Human Fertilisation and Embryology (Cm 9314). London: HMSO.
68. Wilson, Graeme. 2005. No father required. Daily Mail, 15 August.