Atomy of the lateral ligaments of the rectum: A controversial point of view

World Journal of Gastroenterology

Volumn 16, Issue 43, 2010, Pages 5411-5415

  Wang, Guo Jun ^a   Gao, Chun Fang ^a   Wei, Dong ^a   Wang, Cun ^a   Meng, Wen Jian ^a  

^a The 150th Central Hospital of People's Liberation Army   (China)

Author keywords

Abdominoperineal excision; Anatomy; Fascia; The lateral ligaments of the rectum; Total mesorectal excision

Indexed keywords

ANATOMICAL VARIATION; ARTICLE; CADAVER; HUMAN; LATERAL LIGAMENT OF THE RECTUM; LEVATOR ANI MUSCLE; LIGAMENT; LYMPH NODE; LYMPH VESSEL; MEDICAL EXPERT; PELVIS FLOOR; RECTUM; RECTUM RESECTION; VISCERA; ABDOMINAL SURGERY; COLORECTAL TUMOR; HISTOLOGY; INNERVATION; REVIEW; VASCULARIZATION;

CADAVER; COLORECTAL NEOPLASMS; DIGESTIVE SYSTEM SURGICAL PROCEDURES; HUMANS; LIGAMENTS; RECTUM;

EID: 78649691593     PISSN: 10079327     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v16.i43.5411     Document Type: Article

References (62)

1. Gaudio E, Riva A, Franchitto A, Carpino G. The fascial structures of the rectum and the so-called mesorectum: an anatomical or a terminological controversy? Surg Radiol Anat 2010; 32: 189-190
2. Buunen M, Lange MM, Ditzel M, Kleinrensink GJ, van de Velde CJ, Lange JF. Level of arterial ligation in total mesorectal excision (TME): an anatomical study. Int J Colorectal Dis 2009; 24: 1317-1320
3. Koura AN, Giacco GG, Curley SA, Skibber JM, Feig BW, Ellis LM. Carcinoid tumors of the rectum: effect of size, histopathology, and surgical treatment on metastasis free survival. Cancer 1997; 79: 1294-1298
4. Heald RJ, Smedh RK, Kald A, Sexton R, Moran BJ. Abdominoperineal excision of the rectum--an endangered operation. Norman Nigro Lectureship. Dis Colon Rectum 1997; 40: 747-751
5. da Silva AL. Abdominoperineal excision of the rectum and anal canal with perineal colostomy. Eur J Surg 1995; 161: 761-764
6. Glättli A, Barras JP, Metzger U. Is there still a place for abdominoperineal resection of the rectum? Eur J Surg Oncol 1995; 21: 11-15
7. Ayoub SF. Arterial supply to the human rectum. Acta Anat (Basel) 1978; 100: 317-327
8. Canessa CE, Miegge LM, Bado J, Silveri C, Labandera D. Anatomic study of lateral pelvic lymph nodes: implications in the treatment of rectal cancer. Dis Colon Rectum 2004; 47: 297-303
9. Corman ML. Classic articles in colonic and rectal surgery. A method of performing abdominoperineal excision for carcinoma of the rectum and of the terminal portion of the pelvic colon: by W. Ernest Miles, 1869-1947. Dis Colon Rectum 1980; 23: 202-205
10. Biondo S, Ortiz H, Lujan J, Codina-Cazador A, Espin E, Garcia-Granero E, Kreisler E, de Miguel M, Alos R, Echeverria A. Quality of mesorectum after laparoscopic resection for rectal cancer results of an audited teaching programme in Spain. Colorectal Dis 2010; 12: 24-31
11. Heald RJ, Husband EM, Ryall RD. The mesorectum in rectal cancer surgery--the clue to pelvic recurrence? Br J Surg 1982; 69: 613-616
12. Heald RJ, Ryall R. Recurrent cancer after restorative resection of the rectum. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) 1982; 284: 826-827
13. Allen DR, Heald RJ. Rectocolectomy with anal conservation in inflammatory colitis. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 1983; 65: 347.
14. Hojo K. Anastomotic recurrence after sphincter-saving resection for rectal cancer. Length of distal clearance of the bowel. Dis Colon Rectum 1986; 29: 11-14
15. Goligher JC. Extended low anterior resection with stapled colorectal or coloanal anastomosis. Ann Chir Gynaecol 1986; 75: 82-88
16. García-Granero E. [Assessment of the quality of bowel cancer surgery: from the mesorectum to the mesocolon] Cir Esp 2010; 87: 131-132
17. Quirke P, Durdey P, Dixon MF, Williams NS. Local recurrence of rectal adenocarcinoma due to inadequate surgical resection. Histopathological study of lateral tumour spread and surgical excision. Lancet 1986; 2: 996-999
18. Malmberg M, Graffner H, Ling L, Olsson SA. Recurrence and survival after anterior resection of the rectum using the end to end anastomotic stapler. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1986; 163: 231-234
19. Heald RJ, Ryall RD. Recurrence and survival after total mesorectal excision for rectal cancer. Lancet 1986; 1: 1479-1482
20. Heald RJ, Allen DR. Stapled ileo-anal anastomosis: a technique to avoid mucosal proctectomy in the ileal pouch operation. Br J Surg 1986; 73: 571-572
21. Pearl RK, Monsen H, Abcarian H. Surgical anatomy of the pelvic autonomic nerves. A practical approach. Am Surg 1986; 52: 236-237
22. Heald RJ. Local recurrence of rectal cancer. Dis Colon Rectum 1987; 30: 572
23. Güvençer M, Dalbayrak S, Tayefi H, Tetik S, Yilmaz M, Erginoǧlu U, Baksan O, Güran S, Naderi S. Surgical anatomy of the presacral area. Surg Radiol Anat 2009; 31: 251-257
24. Fujita S, Yamamoto S, Akasu T, Moriya Y. Risk factors of lateral pelvic lymph node metastasis in advanced rectal cancer. Int J Colorectal Dis 2009; 24: 1085-1090
25. Schuurman JP, Go PM, Bleys RL. Anatomical branches of the superior rectal artery in the distal rectum. Colorectal Dis 2009; 11: 967-971
26. Simunovic M, Smith AJ, Heald RJ. Rectal cancer surgery and regional lymph nodes. J Surg Oncol 2009; 99: 256-259
27. Lange MM, Buunen M, van de Velde CJ, Lange JF. Level of arterial ligation in rectal cancer surgery: low tie preferred over high tie. A review. Dis Colon Rectum 2008; 51: 1139-1145
28. Lee JF, Maurer VM, Block GE. Anatomic relations of pelvic autonomic nerves to pelvic operations. Arch Surg 1973; 107: 324-328
29. Boyle KM, Chalmers AG, Finan PJ, Sagar PM, Burke D. Morphology of the mesorectum in patients with primary rectal cancer. Dis Colon Rectum 2009; 52: 1122-1129
30. Nano M, Prunotto M, Ferronato M, Solej M, Galloni M. The mesorectum: hypothesis on its evolution. Tech Coloproctol 2006; 10: 323-328; dicussion 327-328
31. Akasu T, Sugihara K, Moriya Y. Male urinary and sexual functions after mesorectal excision alone or in combination with extended lateral pelvic lymph node dissection for rectal cancer. Ann Surg Oncol 2009; 16: 2779-2786
32. Takahashi T, Ueno M, Azekura K, Ohta H. Lateral ligament: its anatomy and clinical importance. Semin Surg Oncol 2000; 19: 386-395
33. Takahashi T, Ueno M, Azekura K, Ohta H. Lateral node dissection and total mesorectal excision for rectal cancer. Dis Colon Rectum 2000; 43: S59-S68.
34. Darzi A, Lewis C, Menzies-Gow N, Guillou PJ, Monson JR. Laparoscopic abdominoperineal excision of the rectum. Surg Endosc 1995; 9: 414-417
35. Goligher JC. Colon, rectum, and anus surgical. Med Annu 1960; 78: 40-53
36. Bissett IP, Hill GL. Extrafascial excision of the rectum for cancer: a technique for the avoidance of the complications of rectal mobilization. Semin Surg Oncol 2000; 18: 207-215
37. Ho YH, Ashour MA. Techniques for colorectal anastomosis. World J Gastroenterol 2010; 16: 1610-1621
38. Bruch HP, Roblick UJ, Schwandner O. [Rectum carcinoma. Optimizing therapy by deep resection or excision] Zentralbl Chir 1999; 124: 422-427
39. MacFarlane JK, Ryall RD, Heald RJ. Mesorectal excision for rectal cancer. Lancet 1993; 341: 457-460
40. O'Rourke NA, Heald RJ. Laparoscopic surgery for colorectal cancer. Br J Surg 1993; 80: 1229-1230
41. Jones OM, Smeulders N, Wiseman O, Miller R. Lateral ligaments of the rectum: an anatomical study. Br J Surg 1999; 86: 487-489
42. Jones OM, Miller R. The lateral ligaments of the rectum: the emperor's new clothes? Dis Colon Rectum 2001; 44: 1723-1724
43. Heald RJ. Rectal cancer: the surgical options. Eur J Cancer 1995; 31A: 1189-1192
44. Nano M, Dal Corso HM, Lanfranco G, Ferronato M, Hornung JP. Contribution to the surgical anatomy of the ligaments of the rectum. Dis Colon Rectum 2000; 43: 1592-1597; discussion 1597-1598
45. Nano M, Levi AC, Borghi F, Bellora P, Bogliatto F, Garbossa D, Bronda M, Lanfranco G, Moffa F, Dörfl J. Observations on surgical anatomy for rectal cancer surgery. Hepatogastroenterology 1998; 45: 717-726
46. Pak-art R, Tansatit T, Mingmalairaks C, Pattana-arun J, Tansatit M, Vajrabukka T. The location and contents of the lateral ligaments of the rectum: a study in human soft cadavers. Dis Colon Rectum 2005; 48: 1941-1944
47. Lin M, Chen W, Huang L, Ni J, Yin L. The anatomy of lateral ligament of the rectum and its role in total mesorectal excision. World J Surg 2010; 34: 594-598
48. Smedh K, Khani MH, Kraaz W, Raab Y, Strand E. Abdominoperineal excision with partial anterior en bloc resection in multimodal management of low rectal cancer: a strategy to reduce local recurrence. Dis Colon Rectum 2006; 49: 833-840
49. Ray S, Mackie C. Positioning the patient for abdominoperineal excision of the rectum (APER). Ann R Coll Surg Engl 2003; 85: 281
50. Boereboom CL, Watson NF, Sivakumar R, Hurst NG, Speake WJ. Biological tissue graft for pelvic floor reconstruction after cylindrical abdominoperineal excision of the rectum and anal canal. Tech Coloproctol 2009; 13: 257-258
51. Marr R, Birbeck K, Garvican J, Macklin CP, Tiffin NJ, Parsons WJ, Dixon MF, Mapstone NP, Sebag-Montefiore D, Scott N, Johnston D, Sagar P, Finan P, Quirke P. The modern abdominoperineal excision: the next challenge after total mesorectal excision. Ann Surg 2005; 242: 74-82
52. Salerno G, Sinnatamby C, Branagan G, Daniels IR, Heald RJ, Moran BJ. Defining the rectum: surgically, radiologically and anatomically. Colorectal Dis 2006; 8 Suppl 3: 5-9.
53. Wang C, Zhou Z, Wang Z, Zheng Y, Zhao G, Yu Y, Cheng Z, Chen D, Liu W. Patterns of neoplastic foci and lymph node micrometastasis within the mesorectum. Langenbecks Arch Surg 2005; 390: 312-318
54. Havenga K, Grossmann I, De Ruiter M, Wiggers T. Definition of total mesorectal excision, including the perineal phase: technical considerations. Dig Dis 2007; 25: 44-50
55. Diop M, Parratte B, Tatu L, Vuillier F, Brunelle S, Monnier G. Mesorectum: the surgical value of an anatomical approach. Surg Radiol Anat 2003; 25: 290-304
56. Heald RJ, Moran BJ, Brown G, Daniels IR. Optimal total mesorectal excision for rectal cancer is by dissection in front of Denonvilliers' fascia. Br J Surg 2004; 91: 121-123
57. Tamakawa M, Murakami G, Takashima K, Kato T, Hareyama M. Fascial structures and autonomic nerves in the female pelvis: a study using macroscopic slices and their corresponding histology. Anat Sci Int 2003; 78: 228-242
58. Tufano A, Tufano G, Brusciano L, del Genio G, Rossetti G, Di Stazio C, Grillo M, del Genio A. Mesorectum, is it an appropriate term? Int J Colorectal Dis 2007; 22: 1127-1128
59. Heald RJ. Total mesorectal exsicion (TME). Acta Chir Iugosl 2000; 47: 17-18
60. Heald RJ. Total mesorectal excision. Acta Chir Iugosl 1998; 45: 37-38
61. Cecil TD, Sexton R, Moran BJ, Heald RJ. Total mesorectal excision results in low local recurrence rates in lymph nodepositive rectal cancer. Dis Colon Rectum 2004; 47: 1145-1149; discussion 1149-1150
62. Maurer CA, Z'Graggen K, Renzulli P, Schilling MK, Netzer P, Büchler MW. Total mesorectal excision preserves male genital function compared with conventional rectal cancer surgery. Br J Surg 2001; 88: 1501-1505