Rectal cancer surgery and regional lymph nodes

Journal of Surgical Oncology

Volumn 99, Issue 4, 2009, Pages 256-259

  Simunovic, M ^a,b,f   Smith, A J ^c,d   Heald, R J ^e  

^a MCMASTER UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

^b Department of Oncology Juravinski Cancer Center   (United States)

^c DEPARTMENT OF RADIATION ONCOLOGY   (Canada)

^d UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO   (Canada)

^e NORTH HAMPSHIRE HOSPITAL   (United Kingdom)

^f JURAVINSKI CANCER CENTRE   (Canada)

Author keywords

Lymph nodes; Rectal cancer; Total mesorectal excision

Indexed keywords

CANCER RADIOTHERAPY; CANCER RECURRENCE; CANCER STAGING; CANCER SURGERY; DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING; HUMAN; LYMPH NODE; MEDICAL DECISION MAKING; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT; PREOPERATIVE EVALUATION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RECTUM CANCER; REVIEW; SURGICAL TECHNIQUE;

EID: 62749154981     PISSN: 00224790     EISSN: 10969098     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/jso.21217     Document Type: Review

References (28)

1. Halsted WS: The results of operations for the cure of cancer of the breast performed at the Johns Hopkins Hospital from June 1889 to January 1894. Johns Hopkins Hosp Bull 1894;4:297-323.
2. Zheng Y, Zhou Z, Li L, et al.: Distribution and patterns of lymph nodes metastases and mircometastases in the mesorectum of rectal cancer. J Surg Oncol 2007;96:213-219.
3. MacFarlane JK, Ryall RD, Heald RJ: Mesorectal excision for rectal cancer. Lancet 1993;341:457-460.
4. Greene FL, Page DL, Fleming ID, et al., editors: AJCC cancer staging handbook. 6th edition. New York: Springer-Verlag; 2003.
5. Milsom JW, Ludwig KA: Surgical management for rectal cancer. In: Wanebo HJ, editor. Surgery for gastrointestinal cancer: A multidisciplinary approach. Philadelphia: Lippincott-Raven Publishers; 1997. pp. 639-665.
6. Takahashi T, Ueno M, Azekura K, et al.: Lateral node dissection and total mesorectal excision for rectal cancer. Dis Colon Rectum 2000;43:S59-S68.
7. Sato J, Maeda K, Maruta M, et al.: Who can get the beneficial effect from lateral lymph node dissection for Dukes C rectal carcinoma below the peritoneal refection? Dis Colon Rectum 2006;49:S3-S12.
8. Soreide O, Norstein J: Local recurrence after operative treatment of rectal carcinoma: A strategy for change. J Am Coll Surg 1997;184:84-92.
9. Kapiteijn E, Marijnen CAM, Colenbrander AC, et al.: Local recurrence in patients with rectal cancer, diagnosed between 1988 and 1992: A population-based study in the west Netherlands. Eur J Surg Oncol 1998;24:528-535.
10. Nilsson E, Gregersen NP, Hartvig B, et al.: Carcinoma of the colon and rectum. Results of treatment in 284 cases. Acta Chir Scand 1984;150:177-182.
11. Adam IJ, Mohamdee MO, Martin IG, et al.: Role of circumferential margin involvement in the local recurrence of rectal cancer. Lancet 1994;344:707-711.
12. Nagtegaal ID, Marijnen CAM, Karanenbarg EK, et al.: Circumferential margin involvement is still an important predictor of local recurrence in rectal carcinoma: Not one millimeter but two millimeters is the limit. Am J Surg Pathol 2002;26:350-357.
13. Wong R, Berry S, Spithoff K, et al.: Preoperative or postoperative therapy for the management of patients with state II or III rectal cancer: Guideline recommendations. Evidence based series #2-4: Section 1. Toronto (ON): Cancer Care Ontario (CCO); 2008. p. 6.
14. Simunovic M, Stewart L, Zwaal C, et al.: Cross-sectional imaging in colorectal cancer: Recommendations report. Toronto (ON): Cancer Care Ontario (CCO); 2006; p. 19.
15. Heald B: Better surgery and better selection for adjuvants - still the key to improving outcomes in rectal cancer. Acta Chir Iugosl 2006;53:35-37.
16. Smith A, Driman DK, Spithoff K, et al.: Optimization of surgical and pathological quality performance in radical surgery for colon and rectal cancer: Margins and lymph nodes guideline recommendations. Toronto (ON): Cancer Care Ontario (CCO); 2008; p. 12.
17. Scott N, Jackson P, al-Jaberi T, et al.: Total mesorectal excision and local recurrence: A study of tumour spread in the mesorectum distal to rectal cancer. Br J Surg 1995;82:1031-1033.
18. Hida J, Yasutomi M, Maruyama T, et al.: Lymph node metastases detected in the mesorectum distal to carcinoma of the rectum by the clearing method: Justification of the total mesorectal excision. J Am Coll Surg 1997;184:584-588.
19. Quirke P, Dixon MF: How I do it: The prediction of local recurrence in rectal adenocarcinoma by histopathological examination. Int J Colorectal Dis 1988;3:127-131.
20. Simunovic M, Baxter N: Lymph node counts in colon cancer surgery: Lessons for users of quality indicators. JAMA 2007;298:2194-2195.
21. Peeters KC, Marijnen CA, Nagtegall ID, et al.: The TME trial after a median follow-up of 6 years: Increased local control but no survival benefit in irradiated patients with respectable rectal carcinoma. Ann Surg 2007;246:693-701.
22. Swedish Rectal Cancer Trial. Improved survival with preoperative radiotherapy in respectable cancer. Swedish Rectal Trial. N Eng J Med 1997;336:980-987.
23. Nagtegaal ID, van de Velde CJ, Marijnen CA, et al.: Low rectal cancer: A call for a change of approach in abdominoperineal resection. J Clin Oncol 2005;23:9257-9264.
24. Wibe A, Moller B, Norstein J, et al.: A national strategic change in treatment policy for rectal cancer - implementation of total mesorectal excision as routine treatment in Norway. A national audit. Dis Colon Rectum 2002;45:857-866.
25. Peeters KC, van de Velde CJ, Leer JW, et al.: Late side effects of short-course preoperative radiotherapy combined with total mesorectal excision for rectal cancer: Increased bowel dysfunction in irradiated patients - a Dutch colorectal cancer group study. J Clin Oncol 2005;23:6199-6206.
26. Strassburg J, Junginger T, Trinh T, et al.: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based indication for neoadjuvant treatment of rectal carcinoma and the surrogate endpoint CRM status. Int J Colorectal Dis 2008;11:1099-1107.
27. Simunovic M, Sexton R, Rempel E, et al.: Optimal preoperative assessment and surgery for rectal cancer may greatly limit the need for radiotherapy. Br J Surg 2003;90:999-1003.
28. Simunovic M, Jacob S, Childerhose L, et al.: Radiotherapy in Rectal Cancer Can Be Limited to the Minority of Patients with a Threatened or Involved Mesorectal Margin. Abstract presented at Canadian Society of Surgical Oncology, Fourteenth Annual Scientific Meeting, Toronto, ON. May 2, 2008.