Classification of behavior disorders in adolescence: Scaling methods, predictive validity, and gender differences

Journal of Abnormal Psychology

Volumn 119, Issue 4, 2010, Pages 699-712

  Fergusson, David M ^a   Boden, Joseph M ^a   Horwood, L John ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF OTAGO   (New Zealand)

Author keywords

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; Conduct disorder; Longitudinal study; Oppositional defiant disorder; Predictive validity

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGE; ALCOHOL ABUSE; ALCOHOLISM; ANXIETY DISORDER; ARTICLE; ATTENTION DEFICIT DISORDER; BEHAVIOR DISORDER; CHILD; COMORBIDITY; CONDUCT DISORDER; CONTROLLED STUDY; CRIMINAL BEHAVIOR; DIAGNOSTIC AND STATISTICAL MANUAL OF MENTAL DISORDERS; DISCRIMINANT VALIDITY; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; DISEASE CLASSIFICATION; DISEASE SEVERITY; DISRUPTIVE BEHAVIOR; DRUG ABUSE; DRUG DEPENDENCE; EDUCATIONAL STATUS; EMPLOYMENT STATUS; FEMALE; HUMAN; HUMAN RELATION; INFANT; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MAJOR DEPRESSION; MALE; MENTAL HEALTH; NEW ZEALAND; OPPOSITIONAL DEFIANT DISORDER; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT; PARENTHOOD; PREDICTIVE VALIDITY; PSYCHOPATHY; SEX DIFFERENCE; SUBSTANCE ABUSE; SUICIDAL BEHAVIOR; TOBACCO DEPENDENCE;

EID: 78649686892     PISSN: 0021843X     EISSN: 19391846     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1037/a0018610     Document Type: Article

References (73)

1. Altman D.G., Royston P. The cost of dichotomising continuous variables. British Medical Journal 2006, 332:1080.
2. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders 1987, American Psychiatric Association, American Psychiatric Association, Washington, DC. 3rd ed., rev.
3. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders 1994, American Psychiatric Association, American Psychiatric Association, Washington, DC. 4th ed.
4. Barkley R.A., Fischer M., Edelbrock C.S., Smallish L. The adolescent outcome of hyperactive children diagnosed by research criteria: I. An 8-year prospective follow-up study. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 1990, 29:546-557.
5. Barkley R.A., Fischer M., Smallish L., Fletcher K. Young adult follow-up of hyperactive children: Antisocial activities and drug use. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 2004, 45:195-211.
6. Biederman J., Petty C.R., Dolan C., Hughes S., Mick E., Monuteaux M.C., Faraone S.V. The long-term longitudinal course of oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder in ADHD boys: Findings from a controlled 10-year prospective longitudinal follow-up study. Psychological Medicine 2008, 38:1027-1036.
7. Biederman J., Petty C.R., Monuteaux M.C., Mick E., Parcell T., Westerberg D., Faraone S.V. The longitudinal course of comorbid oppositional defiant disorder in girls with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: Findings from a controlled 5-year prospective longitudinal follow-up study. Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics 2008, 29:501-507.
8. Bissonnette V., Ickes W., Bernstein I., Knowles E. Personality moderating variables: A warning about statistical artifact and a comparison of analytic techniques. Journal of Personality 1990, 58:567-587.
9. Boylan K., Vaillancourt T., Boyle M., Szatmari P. Comorbidity of internalizing disorders in children with oppositional defiant disorder. European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 2007, 16:484-494.
10. Broidy L.M., Nagin D.S., Tremblay R.E., Bates J.E., Brame B., Dodge K.A., Vitaro F. Developmental trajectories of childhood disruptive behaviors and adolescent delinquency: A six-site, cross-national study. Developmental Psychology 2003, 39:222-245.
11. Brook J.S., Duan T., Zhang C., Cohen P.R., Brook D.W. The association between attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in adolescence and smoking in adulthood. American Journal of Addiction 2008, 17:54-59.
12. Burke J.D., Loeber R., Birmaher B. Oppositional defiant and conduct disorder: A review of the past 10 years, Part II. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 2002, 41:1275-1293.
13. Castellanos F.X. Report of the DSM-V ADHD and Disruptive Behavior Disorders Work Group 2008, Retrieved from http://www.psych.org/MainMenu/Research/DSMIV/DSMV/DSMRevisionActivities/DSMVWorkGroupReports/ADHDandDisruptiveBehaviorDisordersWorkGroupReport.aspx.
14. Copeland W.E., Shanahan L., Costello E.J., Angold A. Childhood and adolescent psychiatric disorders as predictors of young adult disorders. Archives of General Psychiatry 2009, 66:764-772.
15. Costello A., Edelbrock C., Kalas R., Kessler M., Klaric S.A. Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children (DISC) 1982, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD.
16. Disney E.R., Elkins I.J., McGue M., Iacono W.G. Effects of ADHD, conduct disorder, and gender on substance use and abuse in adolescence. American Journal of Psychiatry 1999, 156:1515-1521.
17. Elkins I.J., McGue M., Iacono W.G. Prospective effects of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, conduct disorder, and sex on adolescent substance use and abuse. Archives of General Psychiatry 2007, 64:1145-1152.
18. Elley W.B., Irving J.C. Revised socio-economic index for New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Educational Studies 1976, 11:25-36.
19. Elliott D.S., Huizinga D. Improving self-reported measures of delinquency. Cross-national research in self-reported crime and delinquency 1989, 155-186. Kluwer, Boston, MA. M.W. Klein (Ed.).
20. Eme R.F. Sex differences in child-onset, life-course-persistent conduct disorder: A review of biological influences. Clinical Psychology Review 2007, 27:607-627.
21. Fergusson D.M., Horwood L.J. Attention deficit and reading achievement. Journal of Child Psychology & Psychiatry & Allied Disciplines 1992, 33:375-385.
22. Fergusson D.M., Horwood L.J. Early disruptive behavior, IQ, and later school achievement and delinquent behavior. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology 1995, 23:183-199.
23. Fergusson D.M., Horwood L.J. Predictive validity of categorically and dimensionally scored measures of disruptive childhood behaviors. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 1995, 34:477-485.
24. Fergusson D.M., Horwood L.J. The Christchurch Health and Development Study: Review of findings on child and adolescent mental health. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 2001, 35:287-296.
25. Fergusson D.M., Horwood L.J., Lynskey M.T. The effects of conduct disorder and attention deficit in middle childhood on offending and scholastic ability at age 13. Journal of Child Psychology & Psychiatry 1993, 34:899-916.
26. Fergusson D.M., Horwood L.J., Lynskey M.T. The prevalence and comorbidity of DSM-III-R diagnoses in a birth cohort of 15 year olds. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 1993, 32:1127-1134.
27. Fergusson D.M., Horwood L.J., Lynskey M.T. The childhoods of multiple problem adolescents: A 15-year longitudinal study. Journal of Child Psychology & Psychiatry 1994, 35:1123-1140.
28. Fergusson D.M., Horwood L.J., Lynskey M.T. Parental separation, adolescent psychopathology, and problem behaviors. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 1994, 33:1122-1131.
29. Fergusson D.M., Horwood L.J., Lynskey M.T. Structure of DSM-III-R criteria for disruptive childhood behaviors: Confirmatory factor models. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 1994, 33:1145-1155.
30. Fergusson D.M., Horwood L.J., Ridder E.M. Conduct and attentional problems in childhood and adolescence and later substance use, abuse and dependence: Results of a 25-year longitudinal study. Drug and Alcohol Dependence 2007, 88(Suppl. 1):S14-S26.
31. Fergusson D.M., Lynskey M.T. Physical punishment/maltreatment during childhood and adjustment in young adulthood. Child Abuse & Neglect 1997, 21:617-630.
32. Fergusson D.M., Lynskey M.T., Horwood L.J. Conduct problems and attention deficit behaviour in middle childhood and cannabis use by age 15. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 1993, 27:673-682.
33. Fergusson D.M., Lynskey M.T., Horwood L.J. Childhood sexual abuse and psychiatric disorder in young adulthood: I. Prevalence of sexual abuse and factors associated with sexual abuse. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 1996, 35:1355-1364.
34. Fergusson D.M., Lynskey M.T., Horwood L.J. Attentional difficulties in middle childhood and psychosocial outcomes in young adulthood. Journal of Child Psychology & Psychiatry & Allied Disciplines 1997, 38:633-644.
35. Flory K., Lynam D.R. The relation between attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and substance abuse: What role does conduct disorder play?. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review 2003, 6:1-16.
36. Flory K., Milich R., Lynam D.R., Leukefeld C., Clayton R. Relation between childhood disruptive behavior disorders and substance use and dependence symptoms in young adulthood: Individuals with symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and conduct disorder are uniquely at risk. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors 2003, 17:151-158.
37. Gilmore A., Croft C., Reid N. Burt Word Reading Test-New Zealand Revision: Teacher's Manual 1981, New Zealand Council for Educational Research, Wellington, New Zealand.
38. Gunter T.D., Arndt S., Riggins-Caspers K., Wenman G., Cadoret R.J. Adult outcomes of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and conduct disorder: Are the risks independent or additive?. Annals of Clinical Psychiatry 2006, 18:233-237.
39. Helzer J.E., Bucholz K.K., Gossop M. A dimensional option for the diagnosis of substance dependence in DSM-V. International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research 2007, 16:S24-S33.
40. Hudziak J.J., Achenbach T.M., Althoff R.R., Pine D.S. A dimensional approach to developmental psychopathology. International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research 2007, 16:S16-S23.
41. Keenan K., Loeber R., Green S. Conduct disorder in girls: A review of the literature. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review 1999, 2:3-19.
42. Kraemer H.C., Measelle J.R., Ablow J.C., Essex M.J., Boyce W.T., Kupfer D.J. A new approach to integrating data from multiple informants in psychiatric assessment and research: Mixing and matching contexts and perspectives. American Journal of Psychiatry 2003, 160:1566-1577.
43. Krueger R.F., Bezdjian S. Enhancing research and treatment of mental disorders with dimensional concepts: Toward DSM-V and ICD-11. World Psychiatry 2009, 8:3-6.
44. Krueger R.F., Markon K.E., Patrick C.J., Iacono W.G. Externalizing psychopathology in adulthood: A dimensional-spectrum conceptualization and its implications for DSM-V. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 2005, 114:537-550.
45. Lynskey M.T., Fergusson D.M. Childhood conduct problems, attention deficit behaviors, and adolescent alcohol, tobacco, and illicit drug use. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology 1995, 23:281-302.
46. MacCallum R.C., Zhang S., Preacher K.J., Rucker D.D. On the practice of dichotomization of quantitative variables. Psychological Methods 2002, 7:19-40.
47. Mannuzza S., Klein R.G., Moulton J.L. Lifetime criminality among boys with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: A prospective follow-up study into adulthood using official arrest records. Psychiatry Research 2008, 160:237-246.
48. Milberger S., Biederman J., Faraone S.V., Wilens T., Chu M.P. Associations between ADHD and psychoactive substance use disorders: Findings from a longitudinal study of high-risk siblings of ADHD children. American Journal of Addiction 1997, 6:318-329.
49. Milich R., Loney J. The role of hyperactive and aggressive symptomatology in predicting adolescent outcome among hyperactive children. Journal of Pediatric Psychology 1979, 4:93-112.
50. Moffitt T.E. Adolescence-limited and life-course-persistent antisocial behavior: A developmental taxonomy. Psychological Review 1993, 100:674-701.
51. Moffitt T.E., Arseneault L., Jaffee S.R., Kim-Cohen J., Koenen K.C., Odgers C.L., Viding E. Research review: DSM-V conduct disorder: Research needs for an evidence base. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 2008, 49:3-33.
52. Moffitt T.E., Caspi A., Rutter M., Silva P.A. Sex differences in antisocial behaviour: Conduct disorder, delinquency, and violence in the Dunedin Longitudinal Study 2001, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
53. Moffitt T.E., Scott S. Conduct disorders of childhood and adolescence. Rutter's child and adolescent psychiatry 2008, 543-564. Wiley, New York, NY. 5th ed. M. Rutter, D. Bishop, D. Pine, S. Scott, J. Stevenson, E. Taylor, A. Thapar (Eds.).
54. Moffitt T.R., Silva P.A. Self-reported delinquency: Results from an instrument for New Zealand. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Criminology 1988, 21:227-240.
55. Molina B.S., Pelham W.E. Childhood predictors of adolescent substance use in a longitudinal study of children with ADHD. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 2003, 112:497-507.
56. Pratt T.C., Cullen F.T., Blevins K.R., Daigle L., Unnever J.D. The relationship of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder to crime and delinquency: A meta-analysis. International Journal of Police Science and Management 2002, 4:344-360.
57. Quay H.C., Peterson D.R. Manual for the Revised Behaviour Problem Checklist 1987, Author, Miami, FL.
58. Robins L.N. Conduct disorder: Annual research review. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 1991, 32:193-213.
59. Rutter M., Caspi A., Fergusson D., Horwood L.J., Goodman R., Maughan B., Carroll J. Sex differences in developmental reading disability: New findings from 4 epidemiological studies. JAMA 2004, April 28, 291:2007-2012.
60. Satterfield J.H., Faller K.J., Crinella F.M., Schell A.M., Swanson J.M., Homer L.D. A 30-year prospective follow-up study of hyperactive boys with conduct problems: Adult criminality. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 2007, 46:601-610.
61. Satterfield J.H., Schell A. A prospective study of hyperactive boys with conduct problems and normal boys: Adolescent and adult criminality. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 1997, 36:1726-1735.
62. Sidak Z. On probabilities of rectangles in multivariate normal student distributions: Their dependence on correlations. Annals of Mathematical Statistics 1971, 41:169-175.
63. Sourander A., Elonheimo H., Niemela S., Nuutila A.M., Helenius H., Sillanmaki L., Almqvist F. Childhood predictors of male criminality: A prospective population-based follow-up study from age 8 to late adolescence. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 2006, 45:578-586.
64. Stata Statistical Software: Release 10.0 2007, StataCorp, Author, College Station, Texas.
65. Stefanatos G.A., Baron I.S. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A neuropsychological perspective towards DSM-V. Neuropsychological Review 2007, 17:5-38.
66. Straus M.A., Hamby S.L., Boney-McCoy S., Sugarman D.B. The Revised Conflict Tactics Scales (CTS2): Development and preliminary psychometric data. Journal of Family Issues 1996, 17:283-316.
67. Stringaris A., Goodman R. Longitudinal outcome of youth oppositionality: Irritable, headstrong, and hurtful behaviors have distinctive predictions. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 2009, 48:404-412.
68. Stringaris A., Goodman R. Three dimensions of oppositionality in youth. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 2009, 50:216-223.
69. Wechsler D. Manual for the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised 1974, Psychological Corporation, New York, NY.
70. Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) 1993, World Health Organization, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
71. Zahn-Waxler C. Warriors and worriers: Gender and psychopathology. Development and Psychopathology 1993, 5:79-89.
72. Zoccolillo M. Co-occurrence of conduct disorder and its adult outcomes with depressive and anxiety disorders: A review. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 1992, 31:547-556.
73. Zoccolillo M. Gender and the development of conduct disorder. Development and Psychopathology 1993, 5:65-78.