메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 61, Issue 3, 2010, Pages 248-253

Effects of antioxidants on post-thawed bovine sperm and oxidative stress parameters: Antioxidants protect DNA integrity against cryodamage

Author keywords

Antioxidant activity; Bovine semen; DNA damage; Freezing; Lipid peroxidation; Sperm parameters

Indexed keywords

CARNITINE; DNA; GLUTATHIONE; INOSITOL; LIPID; METHIONINE;

EID: 78649673022     PISSN: 00112240     EISSN: 10902392     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2010.09.001     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (169)

References (54)
  • 1
    • 0028281877 scopus 로고
    • Pathophysiology of human spermatozoa
    • Aitken R.J. Pathophysiology of human spermatozoa. Curr. Opin. Obstet. Gynecol. 1984, 6:128-135.
    • (1984) Curr. Opin. Obstet. Gynecol. , vol.6 , pp. 128-135
    • Aitken, R.J.1
  • 2
    • 0027207259 scopus 로고
    • Use of a xanthine oxidase free radical generating system to investigate the cytotoxic effects of reactive oxygen species on human spermatozoa
    • Aitken R.J., Buckingham D., Harkiss D. Use of a xanthine oxidase free radical generating system to investigate the cytotoxic effects of reactive oxygen species on human spermatozoa. J. Reprod. Fertil. 1993, 97:441-450.
    • (1993) J. Reprod. Fertil. , vol.97 , pp. 441-450
    • Aitken, R.J.1    Buckingham, D.2    Harkiss, D.3
  • 3
    • 0024427034 scopus 로고
    • Generation of reactive oxygen species, lipid peroxidation, and human sperm function
    • Aitken R.J., Clarkson J.S., Fishel S. Generation of reactive oxygen species, lipid peroxidation, and human sperm function. Biol. Reprod. 1989, 41:183-197.
    • (1989) Biol. Reprod. , vol.41 , pp. 183-197
    • Aitken, R.J.1    Clarkson, J.S.2    Fishel, S.3
  • 4
    • 0028409709 scopus 로고
    • Reactive oxygen species generation and human spermatozoa: the balance of benefit and risk
    • Aitken R.J., Fisher H. Reactive oxygen species generation and human spermatozoa: the balance of benefit and risk. Bio-assays 1994, 16:259-267.
    • (1994) Bio-assays , vol.16 , pp. 259-267
    • Aitken, R.J.1    Fisher, H.2
  • 5
    • 0031768343 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relative impact of oxidative stress on the functional competence and genomic integrity of human spermatozoa
    • Aitken R.J., Gordon E., Harkiss D., Twigg J.P.l., Milne P., Jennigs Z., Irvine D.S. Relative impact of oxidative stress on the functional competence and genomic integrity of human spermatozoa. Biol. Reprod. 1998, 59:1037-1046.
    • (1998) Biol. Reprod. , vol.59 , pp. 1037-1046
    • Aitken, R.J.1    Gordon, E.2    Harkiss, D.3    Twigg, J.4    Milne, P.5    Jennigs, Z.6    Irvine, D.S.7
  • 6
    • 0024337024 scopus 로고
    • Role of glutathione peroxidase in protecting mammalian spermatozoa from loss of motility caused by spontaneous lipid peroxidation
    • Alvarez J.G., Storey B.T. Role of glutathione peroxidase in protecting mammalian spermatozoa from loss of motility caused by spontaneous lipid peroxidation. Gamete Res. 1989, 23:77-90.
    • (1989) Gamete Res. , vol.23 , pp. 77-90
    • Alvarez, J.G.1    Storey, B.T.2
  • 7
    • 0028891932 scopus 로고
    • Differential incorporation of fatty acids into and peroxidative loss of fatty acids from phospholipids of human spermatozoa
    • Alvarez J.G., Storey B.T. Differential incorporation of fatty acids into and peroxidative loss of fatty acids from phospholipids of human spermatozoa. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 1995, 42:334-346.
    • (1995) Mol. Reprod. Dev. , vol.42 , pp. 334-346
    • Alvarez, J.G.1    Storey, B.T.2
  • 8
    • 42649098263 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of anti-oxidant additives on microscopic and oxidative parameters of Angora goat semen following the freeze-thawing process
    • Ateşşahin A., Bucak M.N., Tuncer P.B., Ki{dotless}zi{dotless}l M. Effects of anti-oxidant additives on microscopic and oxidative parameters of Angora goat semen following the freeze-thawing process. Small Rumin. Res. 2008, 77:38-44.
    • (2008) Small Rumin. Res. , vol.77 , pp. 38-44
    • Ateşşahin, A.1    Bucak, M.N.2    Tuncer, P.B.3    Kizil, M.4
  • 9
    • 0345267054 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of antioxidants on motility and membrane integrity of chilled-stored stallion semen
    • Aurich J.E., Schonherr U., Hoppe H., Aurich C. Effect of antioxidants on motility and membrane integrity of chilled-stored stallion semen. Theriogenology 1997, 48:185-192.
    • (1997) Theriogenology , vol.48 , pp. 185-192
    • Aurich, J.E.1    Schonherr, U.2    Hoppe, H.3    Aurich, C.4
  • 10
    • 0033630406 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Semen cryopreservation in domestics animals: a damaging and capaciting phenomenon
    • Bailey J.L., Bilodeau J.F., Cormier N. Semen cryopreservation in domestics animals: a damaging and capaciting phenomenon. J. Androl. 2000, 21:1-7.
    • (2000) J. Androl. , vol.21 , pp. 1-7
    • Bailey, J.L.1    Bilodeau, J.F.2    Cormier, N.3
  • 11
    • 0033753954 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of reactive oxygen species on equine sperm motility, viability, acrosomal integrity, mitochondrial membrane potential and membrane lipid peroxidation
    • Baumber J., Ball B.A., Gravance C.G., Medina V., Davies-Morel M.C.G. The effect of reactive oxygen species on equine sperm motility, viability, acrosomal integrity, mitochondrial membrane potential and membrane lipid peroxidation. J. Androl. 2000, 21:895-902.
    • (2000) J. Androl. , vol.21 , pp. 895-902
    • Baumber, J.1    Ball, B.A.2    Gravance, C.G.3    Medina, V.4    Davies-Morel, M.C.G.5
  • 12
    • 0030586361 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) as a measure of ''antioxidant power'': the FRAP assay
    • Benzie I.F., Strain J.J. The ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) as a measure of ''antioxidant power'': the FRAP assay. Anal. Biochem. 1996, 239:70-76.
    • (1996) Anal. Biochem. , vol.239 , pp. 70-76
    • Benzie, I.F.1    Strain, J.J.2
  • 14
    • 0018499266 scopus 로고
    • Carnitine, acetylcarnitine and the activity of carnitine acyltransferases in seminal plasma and spermatozoa of men, rams and rats
    • Brooks D.E. Carnitine, acetylcarnitine and the activity of carnitine acyltransferases in seminal plasma and spermatozoa of men, rams and rats. J. Reprod. Fert. 1979, 56:667-773.
    • (1979) J. Reprod. Fert. , vol.56 , pp. 667-773
    • Brooks, D.E.1
  • 15
    • 33847036698 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The influence of trehalose, taurine, cysteamine and hyaluronan on ram semen: Microscopic and oxidative stress parameters after freeze-thawing process
    • Bucak M.N., Ateşşahin A., Vari{dotless}şli{dotless} Ö., Yüce A., Tekin N., Akçay A. The influence of trehalose, taurine, cysteamine and hyaluronan on ram semen: Microscopic and oxidative stress parameters after freeze-thawing process. Theriogenology 2007, 67:1060-1067.
    • (2007) Theriogenology , vol.67 , pp. 1060-1067
    • Bucak, M.N.1    Ateşşahin, A.2    Varişli, Ö.3    Yüce, A.4    Tekin, N.5    Akçay, A.6
  • 16
    • 38349187355 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of anti-oxidants and oxidative stress parameters on ram semen after the freeze-thawing process
    • Bucak M.N., Ateşşahin A., Yüce A. Effect of anti-oxidants and oxidative stress parameters on ram semen after the freeze-thawing process. Small Rumin. Res. 2008, 75:128-134.
    • (2008) Small Rumin. Res. , vol.75 , pp. 128-134
    • Bucak, M.N.1    Ateşşahin, A.2    Yüce, A.3
  • 17
    • 77049085917 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of antioxidants on post-thawed Angora goat (Capra hircus ancryrensis) sperm parameters, lipid peroxidation and antioxidant activities
    • Bucak M.N., Sari{dotless}özkan S., Tuncer P.B., Sakin F., Ateşşahin A., Kulaksi{dotless}z R., Çevik M. The effect of antioxidants on post-thawed Angora goat (Capra hircus ancryrensis) sperm parameters, lipid peroxidation and antioxidant activities. Small Rumin. Res. 2010, 89:24-30.
    • (2010) Small Rumin. Res. , vol.89 , pp. 24-30
    • Bucak, M.N.1    Sariözkan, S.2    Tuncer, P.B.3    Sakin, F.4    Ateşşahin, A.5    Kulaksiz, R.6    Çevik, M.7
  • 18
    • 0027650856 scopus 로고
    • Effect of sucrose, trehalose, hypotaurine, taurine, and blood serum on survival of frozen bull sperm
    • Chen Y., Foote R.H., Brockett C.C. Effect of sucrose, trehalose, hypotaurine, taurine, and blood serum on survival of frozen bull sperm. Cryobiology 1993, 30:423-431.
    • (1993) Cryobiology , vol.30 , pp. 423-431
    • Chen, Y.1    Foote, R.H.2    Brockett, C.C.3
  • 19
    • 67649213960 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of N-acetylcysteine on semen parameters and oxidative/antioxidant status
    • Ciftci H., Verit A., Savas M., Yeni E., Erel O. Effects of N-acetylcysteine on semen parameters and oxidative/antioxidant status. Urology 2009, 74:73-76.
    • (2009) Urology , vol.74 , pp. 73-76
    • Ciftci, H.1    Verit, A.2    Savas, M.3    Yeni, E.4    Erel, O.5
  • 20
    • 0032227096 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interactions between epididymal secretions and spermatozoa
    • Cooper T.G. Interactions between epididymal secretions and spermatozoa. J. Reprod. Fertil. 1998, 53:119-136.
    • (1998) J. Reprod. Fertil. , vol.53 , pp. 119-136
    • Cooper, T.G.1
  • 22
    • 0026688587 scopus 로고
    • Reactive oxygen species and human spermatozoa, Effects on the motility of intact spermatozoa and on sperm axonemes
    • De Lamirande E., Gagnon C. Reactive oxygen species and human spermatozoa, Effects on the motility of intact spermatozoa and on sperm axonemes. J. Androl. 1992, 13:368-378.
    • (1992) J. Androl. , vol.13 , pp. 368-378
    • De Lamirande, E.1    Gagnon, C.2
  • 23
    • 0033199714 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antioxidant supplementation in vitro does not improve human sperm motility
    • Donnelly E.T., McClure N., Lewis S.E. Antioxidant supplementation in vitro does not improve human sperm motility. Fertil. Steril. 1999, 72:484-495.
    • (1999) Fertil. Steril. , vol.72 , pp. 484-495
    • Donnelly, E.T.1    McClure, N.2    Lewis, S.E.3
  • 24
    • 0036099221 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reliability of the comet assay in cryopreserved human sperm. Reliability of the comet assay in cryopreserved human sperm
    • Duty S.M., Singh N.P., Ryan L., Chen Z., Lewis C., Huang T., Hauser R. Reliability of the comet assay in cryopreserved human sperm. Reliability of the comet assay in cryopreserved human sperm. Human Reprod. 2002, 17:1274-1280.
    • (2002) Human Reprod. , vol.17 , pp. 1274-1280
    • Duty, S.M.1    Singh, N.P.2    Ryan, L.3    Chen, Z.4    Lewis, C.5    Huang, T.6    Hauser, R.7
  • 28
    • 0002103826 scopus 로고
    • Spermatozoa and seminal plasma
    • Lea&Febier, Philadelphia, E.S.E. Hafez (Ed.)
    • Garner D.L., Hafez E.S.E. Spermatozoa and seminal plasma. Reproduction in Farm Animals 1993, 167-182. Lea&Febier, Philadelphia. E.S.E. Hafez (Ed.).
    • (1993) Reproduction in Farm Animals , pp. 167-182
    • Garner, D.L.1    Hafez, E.S.E.2
  • 29
    • 0027898336 scopus 로고
    • Maintenance of bioenergetic balance in sperm and prevention of lipid peroxidation: a review of the effect on design of storage preservation systems
    • Hammerstedt R.H. Maintenance of bioenergetic balance in sperm and prevention of lipid peroxidation: a review of the effect on design of storage preservation systems. Reprod. Fert. 1993, 5:675-690.
    • (1993) Reprod. Fert. , vol.5 , pp. 675-690
    • Hammerstedt, R.H.1
  • 31
    • 0029677445 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glutathione as a treatment for male infertility
    • Irvine D.S. Glutathione as a treatment for male infertility. Rev. Reprod. 1996, 1:6-12.
    • (1996) Rev. Reprod. , vol.1 , pp. 6-12
    • Irvine, D.S.1
  • 32
    • 0031029977 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of individual antioxidants of sperm and seminal plasma in fertile and infertile men
    • Lewis S.E., Sterling E.S., Young I.S., Thompson W. Comparison of individual antioxidants of sperm and seminal plasma in fertile and infertile men. Fertil. Steril. 1997, 67:142-147.
    • (1997) Fertil. Steril. , vol.67 , pp. 142-147
    • Lewis, S.E.1    Sterling, E.S.2    Young, I.S.3    Thompson, W.4
  • 35
    • 0026545746 scopus 로고
    • Quantitative analysis of cellular glutathione in early preimplantation mouse embryos developing in vivo and in vitro
    • Nasr-Esfahani M.H., Johnson M.H. Quantitative analysis of cellular glutathione in early preimplantation mouse embryos developing in vivo and in vitro. Hum. Reprod. 1992, 7:1281-1290.
    • (1992) Hum. Reprod. , vol.7 , pp. 1281-1290
    • Nasr-Esfahani, M.H.1    Johnson, M.H.2
  • 36
    • 33747875744 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Male genital tract antioxidant enzymes-their ability to preserve sperm DNA integrity
    • Chen W.S.O., Chow C.P.H. Male genital tract antioxidant enzymes-their ability to preserve sperm DNA integrity. Mol. Cell Endocrinol. 2006, 250:80-83.
    • (2006) Mol. Cell Endocrinol. , vol.250 , pp. 80-83
    • Chen, W.S.O.1    Chow, C.P.H.2
  • 37
    • 0035843863 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antioxidant effects of alpha-tocopherol, ascorbic acid and l-methionine on lead induced oxidative stress to the liver, kidney and brain in rats
    • Patra R.C., Swarup D., Dwivedi S.K. Antioxidant effects of alpha-tocopherol, ascorbic acid and l-methionine on lead induced oxidative stress to the liver, kidney and brain in rats. Toxicology 2001, 162:81-88.
    • (2001) Toxicology , vol.162 , pp. 81-88
    • Patra, R.C.1    Swarup, D.2    Dwivedi, S.K.3
  • 38
    • 0021318182 scopus 로고
    • The role of disulfide bond reduction during mammalian sperm nuclear decondensation in vivo
    • Perreault S.D., Wolff R.A., Zirkin B.R. The role of disulfide bond reduction during mammalian sperm nuclear decondensation in vivo. Dev. Biol. 1984, 101:160-167.
    • (1984) Dev. Biol. , vol.101 , pp. 160-167
    • Perreault, S.D.1    Wolff, R.A.2    Zirkin, B.R.3
  • 39
    • 0035863781 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oxidative stress associated DNA damage in testis of mice: induction of abnormal sperms and effects on fertility
    • Rajesh K.T., Doreswamy K., Shrilatha B., Muralidhara M. Oxidative stress associated DNA damage in testis of mice: induction of abnormal sperms and effects on fertility. Mutat. Res. 2002, 513:103-111.
    • (2002) Mutat. Res. , vol.513 , pp. 103-111
    • Rajesh, K.T.1    Doreswamy, K.2    Shrilatha, B.3    Muralidhara, M.4
  • 40
    • 0025317268 scopus 로고
    • Glutathione: toxicological implications
    • Reed D.J. Glutathione: toxicological implications. Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol. 1990, 30:603-631.
    • (1990) Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol. , vol.30 , pp. 603-631
    • Reed, D.J.1
  • 41
    • 0017753701 scopus 로고
    • The role of methionine in glutathione biosynthesis by isolated hepatocytes
    • Reed D.J., Orrenius S. The role of methionine in glutathione biosynthesis by isolated hepatocytes. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 1977, 77:1257-1264.
    • (1977) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. , vol.77 , pp. 1257-1264
    • Reed, D.J.1    Orrenius, S.2
  • 42
    • 0033759562 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Addition of specific metabolites to bovine epididymal cell culture medium enhances survival and motility of cryopreserved sperm
    • Reyes-Moreno C., Gagnon A., Sullivan R., Sirard M.A. Addition of specific metabolites to bovine epididymal cell culture medium enhances survival and motility of cryopreserved sperm. J. Androl. 2000, 21:876-886.
    • (2000) J. Androl. , vol.21 , pp. 876-886
    • Reyes-Moreno, C.1    Gagnon, A.2    Sullivan, R.3    Sirard, M.A.4
  • 43
    • 0035214036 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association between seminal plasma carnitine and sperm mitochondrial enzymatic activities
    • Ruiz-Pesini E., Alvarez E., Enríquez J.A., López-Pérez M.J. Association between seminal plasma carnitine and sperm mitochondrial enzymatic activities. Int. J. Androl. 2001, 24:335-340.
    • (2001) Int. J. Androl. , vol.24 , pp. 335-340
    • Ruiz-Pesini, E.1    Alvarez, E.2    Enríquez, J.A.3    López-Pérez, M.J.4
  • 44
    • 60549086758 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The influence of cysteine and taurine on microscopic-oxidative stress parameters and fertilizing ability of bull semen following cryopreservation
    • Sari{dotless}özkan S., Bucak M.N., Tuncer P.B., Ulutaş P.A., Bilgen A. The influence of cysteine and taurine on microscopic-oxidative stress parameters and fertilizing ability of bull semen following cryopreservation. Cryobiology 2009, 58:134-138.
    • (2009) Cryobiology , vol.58 , pp. 134-138
    • Sariözkan, S.1    Bucak, M.N.2    Tuncer, P.B.3    Ulutaş, P.A.4    Bilgen, A.5
  • 45
    • 0034737831 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The use of transmigration and spermac stain to evaluate epididymal cat spermatozoa
    • Schafer S., Holzmann A. The use of transmigration and spermac stain to evaluate epididymal cat spermatozoa. Anim. Reprod. Sci. 2000, 59:201-211.
    • (2000) Anim. Reprod. Sci. , vol.59 , pp. 201-211
    • Schafer, S.1    Holzmann, A.2
  • 46
    • 0034851957 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impaired seminal antioxidant capacity in human semen with hyperviscosity or oligo-asthenozoospermia
    • Siciliano L., Tarantino P., Longobardi F., Rago V., De-Stefano C., Carpino A. Impaired seminal antioxidant capacity in human semen with hyperviscosity or oligo-asthenozoospermia. J. Androl. 2001, 22:798-803.
    • (2001) J. Androl. , vol.22 , pp. 798-803
    • Siciliano, L.1    Tarantino, P.2    Longobardi, F.3    Rago, V.4    De-Stefano, C.5    Carpino, A.6
  • 47
    • 0345732108 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of oxidative stress and antioxidants in andrology and assisted reproductive technology
    • Sikka S.C. Role of oxidative stress and antioxidants in andrology and assisted reproductive technology. J. Androl. 2004, 25:5-18.
    • (2004) J. Androl. , vol.25 , pp. 5-18
    • Sikka, S.C.1
  • 48
    • 0031090459 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biochemistry of the induction and prevention of lipoperoxidative damage in human spermatozoa
    • Storey B.T. Biochemistry of the induction and prevention of lipoperoxidative damage in human spermatozoa. Mol. Hum. Reprod. 1997, 3:203-213.
    • (1997) Mol. Hum. Reprod. , vol.3 , pp. 203-213
    • Storey, B.T.1
  • 49
    • 3042720425 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of L-carnitine administration on the seminal characteristics of oligoasthenospermic stallions
    • Stradaioli G., Sylla L., Zelli R., Chiodi P., Monac M. Effect of L-carnitine administration on the seminal characteristics of oligoasthenospermic stallions. Theriogenology 2004, 62:761-777.
    • (2004) Theriogenology , vol.62 , pp. 761-777
    • Stradaioli, G.1    Sylla, L.2    Zelli, R.3    Chiodi, P.4    Monac, M.5
  • 50
    • 0031805926 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of the impact of intracellular reactive oxygen species generation on the structural and functional integrity of human spermatozoa: lipid peroxidation, DNA fragmentation and effectiveness of antioxidants
    • Twigg J., Fulton N., Gomez E., Irvine D.S., Aitken R.J. Analysis of the impact of intracellular reactive oxygen species generation on the structural and functional integrity of human spermatozoa: lipid peroxidation, DNA fragmentation and effectiveness of antioxidants. Hum. Reprod. 1998, 13:1429-1436.
    • (1998) Hum. Reprod. , vol.13 , pp. 1429-1436
    • Twigg, J.1    Fulton, N.2    Gomez, E.3    Irvine, D.S.4    Aitken, R.J.5
  • 51
    • 0032577629 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Studies on aromatic amino acid oxidase activity in ram spermatozoa: role of pyruvate as an antioxidant
    • Upreti G.C., Jensen K., Munday R., Duganzich D.M., Vishwanath R., Smith J.F. Studies on aromatic amino acid oxidase activity in ram spermatozoa: role of pyruvate as an antioxidant. Anim. Reprod. Sci. 1998, 51:275-287.
    • (1998) Anim. Reprod. Sci. , vol.51 , pp. 275-287
    • Upreti, G.C.1    Jensen, K.2    Munday, R.3    Duganzich, D.M.4    Vishwanath, R.5    Smith, J.F.6
  • 52
    • 60549097342 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of various antioxidants on the quality of frozen-thawed bull semen
    • Uysal O., Bucak M.N., Yavas I., Varisli O. Effect of various antioxidants on the quality of frozen-thawed bull semen. J. Anim. Vet. Adv. 2007, 6:1362-1366.
    • (2007) J. Anim. Vet. Adv. , vol.6 , pp. 1362-1366
    • Uysal, O.1    Bucak, M.N.2    Yavas, I.3    Varisli, O.4
  • 53
    • 0029461068 scopus 로고
    • Recent developments and concepts in the cryopreservation of spermatozoa and the assessment of their post-thawing function
    • Watson P.F. Recent developments and concepts in the cryopreservation of spermatozoa and the assessment of their post-thawing function. Reprod. Fertil. Dev. 1995, 7:871-891.
    • (1995) Reprod. Fertil. Dev. , vol.7 , pp. 871-891
    • Watson, P.F.1
  • 54
    • 0034683165 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Storage of bovine semen in liquid and frozen state
    • Vishwanath R., Shannon P. Storage of bovine semen in liquid and frozen state. Anim. Reprod. Sci. 2000, 62:23-53.
    • (2000) Anim. Reprod. Sci. , vol.62 , pp. 23-53
    • Vishwanath, R.1    Shannon, P.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.