Young mother (in the) hood: Gang girls' negotiation of new identities

Journal of Youth Studies

Volumn 14, Issue 1, 2011, Pages 1-19

  Moloney, Molly ^a   Hunt, Geoffrey P ^a   Joe Laidler, Karen ^b   Mackenzie, Kathleen ^a  

^a Scientific Analysis Corporation   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF HONG KONG   (Hong Kong)

Author keywords

Femininity; Gangs; Gender; Motherhood

Indexed keywords

EID: 78649640876     PISSN: 13676261     EISSN: 14699680     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/13676261.2010.506531     Document Type: Article

References (77)

1. Anderson, E., 1999. Code of the street: decency, violence, and the moral life of the inner city. New York: W.W. Norton & Company.
2. Angwin, J. and Kamp, A., 2007. Policy hysteria in action: teenage parents at secondary school in Australia. In: J. Mcleod and A. Allard, eds. Learning from the margins: young women, social exclusion and education. London: Routledge, 95-107.
3. Arai, L., 2009. What a difference a decade makes: rethinking teenage pregnancy as a problem. Social policy and society, 8, 171-183.
4. Baker, J., 2009. Young mothers in late modernity: sacrifice, respectability and the transformative neo-liberal subject. Journal of youth studies, 12, 275-288.
5. Biernacki, P. and Waldorf, D., 1981. Snowball sampling: problems and techniques of chain referral sampling. Sociological methods & research, 10, 141-163.
6. Campbell, A., 1991. The girls in the gang. 2nd ed. Cambridge, MA: Basil Blackwell.
7. Campbell, A., 1999. Female gang members' social representations of aggression. In: M. Chesney-Lind and J.M. Hagedorn, eds. Female gangs in America. Chicago, IL: Lake View Press, 248-255.
8. Chesney-Lind, M. and Hagedorn, J.M., eds. 1999. Female gangs in America. Chicago, IL: Lake View Press.
9. Connell, R., 1987. Gender and power. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
10. Dawson, N., 2006. In a class of their own? The education of pregnant schoolgirls and schoolgirl mothers. In: H.S. Holgate, R. Evans, and F.K.O. Yuen, eds. Teenage pregnancy and parenthood: global perspectives, issues and interventions. London: Routledge, 63-76.
11. Dietrich, L.C., 1998. Chicana adolescents: bitches, 'ho's, and schoolgirls. Westport, CT: Praeger.
12. Edin, K. and Kefalas, M., 2005. Promises I can keep: why poor women put motherhood before marriage. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
13. Esbensen, F.-A., et al., 2001. Youth gangs and definitional issues: when is a gang a gang, and why does it matter? Crime & delinquency, 47, 105-130.
14. Fishman, L., 1988. The vice queens: an ethnographic study of female gang behavior. Paper presented at the American Society of Criminology. University of Vermont, Burlington.
15. Fleisher, M.S., 1998. Dead end kids: gang girls and the boys they know. Madison, WI: The University of Wisconsin Press.
16. Fleisher, M.S. and Krienert, J.L., 2004. Life-course events, social networks, and the emergence of violence among female gang members. Journal of community psychology, 32, 607-622.
17. Furstenberg, F.F., Jr., 2003. Teenage childbearing as a public issue and private concern. Annual review of sociology, 29, 23-39.
18. Furstenberg, F.F., Jr., Brooks-Gunn, J., and Morgan, S.P., 1987. Adolescent mothers in later life. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
19. Geronimus, A.T., 2003. Damned if you do: culture, identity, privilege, and teenage childbearing in the United States. Social science & medicine, 57, 881-893.
20. Gosselin, D.K., 2005. Heavy hands: an introduction to the crimes of family violence. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson/Prentice Hall.
21. Gregson, J., 2009. The culture of teenage mothers. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press.
22. Griffin, C., 1993. Representations of youth: the study of youth and adolescence in Britain and America. Cambridge, UK: Polity Press.
23. Hagan, J. and MacCarthy, B., 1997. Mean streets: youth crime and homelessness. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
24. Hanna, B., 2001. Negotiating motherhood: the struggles of teenage mothers. Journal of advanced nursing, 34, 456-464.
25. Harris, A., 2004. Future girl: young women in the twenty-first century. New York: Routledge.
26. Harris, M., 1988. Cholas: Latino girls and gangs. New York: AMS Press.
27. Higginson, J.G., 1998. Competitive parenting: the culture of teen mothers. Journal of marriage and family, 60, 135-149.
28. Holmlund, H., 2005. Estimating long-term consequences of teenage childbearing: an examination of the siblings approach. The journal of human resources, XL, 716-743.
29. Hosie, A. and Selman, P., 2006. Teenage pregnancy and social exclusion: an exploration of disengagement and re-engagement from the education system. In: H.S. Holgate, R. Evans, and F.K.O. Yuen, eds. Teenage pregnancy and parenthood: global perspectives, issues and interventions. London: Routledge, 77-94.
30. Hotz, V.J., Mcelroy, S.W., and Sanders, S.G., 2005. Teenage childbearing and its life cycle consequences: exploiting a natural experiment. The journal of human resources, 40, 683-715.
31. Hunt, G., Joe-Laidler, K., and Mackenzie, K., 2005. Moving into motherhood: gang girls and controlled risk. Youth & society, 36, 333-373.
32. Hunt, G., Mackenzie, K., and Joe-Laidler, K., 2000. I'm calling my mom: the meaning of family and kinship among homegirls. Justice quarterly, 17, 1-31.
33. Jacobs, J.L., 1994. Gender, race, class and the trend toward early motherhood: a feminist analysis of teen mothers in a contemporary society. Journal of contemporary ethnography, 22, 442-462.
34. Joe, K.A. and Chesney-Lind, M., 1995. Just every mother's angel: an analysis of gender and ethnic variations in youth gang membership. Gender & society, 9, 408-431.
35. Joe-Laidler, K. and Hunt, G., 1997. Violence and social organization in female gangs. Social justice, 24, 148-169.
36. Joe-Laidler, K. and Hunt, G., 2001. Accomplishing femininity among girls in the gang. British journal of criminology, 41 (4), 656-678.
37. Kaplan, E.B., 1997. Not our kind of girl: unraveling the myths of black teenage motherhood. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
38. Kirkman, M. et al. 2001. 'I know I'm doing a good job': canonical and autobiographical narratives of teenage mothers. Culture, health & sexuality: an international journal for research, intervention and care, 3, 279-294.
39. Klein, M.W. and Maxson, C.L., 2006. Street gang patterns and policies. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
40. Konner, M. and Shostak, M., 1986. Adolescent pregnancy and childbearing: an anthropological perspective. In: J.B. Lancaster and B. Hamburg, eds. School-age pregnancy and parenthood: biosocial dimensions. New York: Aldine De Gruyter, 325-345.
41. Lauderback, D., Hansen, J., and Waldorf, D., 1992. Sisters are doin' it for themselves: a black female gang in San Francisco. Gang journal, 1, 57-72.
42. Luker, K., 1996. Dubious conceptions: the politics of teenage pregnancy. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
43. MacKenzie, K., Hunt, G., and Joe-Laidler, K., 2005. Youth gangs and drugs: the case of marijuana. Journal of ethnicity in substance abuse, 4, 99-134.
44. Manning, W.D. and Landale, N.S., 1996. Racial and ethnic differences in the role of cohabitation in premarital childbearing. Journal of marriage and family, 58, 63-77.
45. Mason, W.A., Zimmerman, L., and Evans, W., 1998. Sexual and physical abuse among incarcerated youth: implications for sexual behavior, contraceptive use, and teenage pregnancy. Child abuse and neglect, 22, 987-995.
46. McDermott, E. and Graham, H., 2005. Resilient young mothering: social inequalities, late modernity and the "problem" of "teenage" motherhood. Journal of youth studies, 8, 59-79.
47. McRobbie, A., 2000. Feminism and youth culture. 2nd ed. New York: Routledge.
48. McRobbie, A., 2007. Top girls? - Young women and the post-feminist sexual contract. Cultural studies, 21, 718-737.
49. McRobbie, A. and Garber, J., 1976. Girls and subcultures: an exploration. In: S. Hall and T. Jefferson, eds. Resistance through rituals: youth subcultures in post-war Britain. London: Hutchinson University Library, 209-222.
50. Messerschmidt, J.W., 1997. Crime as structured action: gender, race, class, and crime in the making. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
51. Miller, J., 2001. One of the guys: girls, gangs, and gender. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
52. Miller, J., 2009. Young women and street gangs. In: M.A. Zahn, ed. The delinquent girl. Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press, 207-224.
53. Miranda, M.K., 2003. Homegirls in the public sphere. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press.
54. Mitchell, W. and Green, E., 2002. I don't know what I'd do without our mam": motherhood, identity and support networks. The sociological review, 50, 1-21.
55. Moloney, M., et al., 2009. The path and promise of fatherhood for gang members. The British journal of criminology, 49, 305-325.
56. Moore, J.W., 1991. Going down to the barrio: homeboys and homegirls in change. Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press.
57. Moore, J.W. and Hagedorn, J.M., 1999. What happens to girls in the gang? In: M. Chesney-Lind and J.M. Hagedorn, eds. Female gangs in America. Chicago, IL: Lake View Press, 177-186.
58. Murcott, A., 1980. The social construction of teenage pregnancy: a problem in the ideologies of childhood and reproduction. Sociology of health and illness, 2, 1-23.
59. Nurge, D., 2003. Liberating yet limiting: the paradox of female gang membership. In: L. Kontos, D. Brotherton, and L. Barrios, eds. Gangs and society: alternative perspectives. New York: Columbia University Press, 161-182.
60. Office of Population Affairs, 2000. Trends in adolescent pregnancy and childbearing [online]. US Department of Health and Human Services. Bethesda, MD: Office of Population Affairs. Available from: http://web.archive.org/web/20000615040037/http://hhs.gov/progorg/opa/pregtrnd.html [Accessed 10 March 2010].
61. Phoenix, A., 1991. Young mothers? Cambridge, UK: Polity Press.
62. Prettyman, S.S., 2005. "We ain't no dogs": teenage mothers (re)define themselves. In: P.J. Bettis and N.G. Adams, eds. Geographies of girlhood: identities in-between. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum, 156-174.
63. Quicker, J.C., 1983. Homegirls: characterizing Chicana gangs. Los Angeles, CA: International University Press.
64. Rolfe, A., 2008. "You've got to grow up when you've got a kid": marginalized young women's accounts of motherhood. Journal of community & applied social psychology, 18, 299-314.
65. Roseneil, S. and Mann, K., 1996. Unpalatable choices and inadequate families: lone mothers and the underclass debate. In: E.B. Silva, ed. Good enough mothering? Feminist perspectives on lone mothering. London: Routledge, 191-210.
66. Schalet, A., Hunt, G., and Joe-Laidler, K., 2003. Respectability and antonomy: the articulation and meaning of sexuality among the girls in the gang. Journal of contemporary ethnography, 32 (1), 108-143.
67. Sclegel, A., 1995. A cross-cultural approach to adolescence. Ethos, 23, 15-32.
68. Smith Battle, L., 2009. Reframing the risks and losses of teen mothering. MCN, The American journal of maternal/child nursing, 34, 122-128.
69. Smock, P., 2000. Cohabitation in the United States: an appraisal or research themes, findings, and implications. Annual review of sociology, 26, 1-20.
70. Social Exclusion Unit, 1999. Teenage pregnancy. London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office (HMSO).
71. Stevens-Simon, C. and McAnarney, E.R., 1996. Adolescent pregnancy. In: R.J. Diclemente, W.B. Hansen, and L.E. Ponton, eds. Handbook of adolescent health risk behavior. New York: Plenum Press, 313-332.
72. Valdez, A., 2007. Mexican American girls and gang violence: beyond risk. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
73. Venkatesh, S.A., 1998. Gender and outlaw capitalism: a historical account of the Black Sisters United "girl gang". Signs, 23, 683-709.
74. Vigil, J.D., 2007. The projects: gang and non-gang families in East Los Angeles. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press.
75. Wilson, H. and Huntington, A., 2006. Deviant (m)others: the construction of teenage motherhood in contemporary discourse. Journal of social policy, 35, 59-76.
76. Wingood, G.M., et al., 2002. Gang involvement and the health of African American female adolescents. Pediatrics, 110, 57-62.
77. Yardley, E., 2008. Teenage mothers' experiences of stigma. Journal of youth studies, 11, 671-684.