메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 15, Issue 1, 2010, Pages 23-29

Carbon footprinting of North American emergency medical services systems

Author keywords

Air pollution; Ambulances; Carbon footprinting; Climate change; Emergency medical services; Global warming; Greenhouse effect; Transportation of patients

Indexed keywords


EID: 78649518930     PISSN: 10903127     EISSN: 15450066     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3109/10903127.2010.519818     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (16)

References (38)
  • 2
    • 0037011593 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Climate change and human health: What do we know
    • McMichael AJ, Woodruff RE. Climate change and human health: what do we know? Med J Aust. 2002;177:590-1.
    • (2002) Med .J. Aust. , vol.177 , pp. 590-591
    • McMichael, A.J.1    Woodruff, R.E.2
  • 3
    • 33644847197 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Climate change and human health: Present and future risks
    • McMichael AJ, Woodruff RE, Hales S. Climate change and human health: present and future risks. Lancet. 2006;367:859-69.
    • (2006) Lancet , vol.367 , pp. 859-869
    • McMichael, A.J.1    Woodruff, R.E.2    Hales, S.3
  • 4
    • 2142703694 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Turning green: Healthcare works to catch up with other industries in environmentally sensitive design and construction
    • Romano M. Turning green: healthcare works to catch up with other industries in environmentally sensitive design and construction. Mod Healthc. 2004;34(13):29-31.
    • (2004) Mod. Healthc. , vol.34 , Issue.13 , pp. 29-31
    • Romano, M.1
  • 7
    • 39149110232 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The carbon footprint of laparoscopic surgery: Should we offset
    • Gilliam AD, Davidson B, Guest J. The carbon footprint of laparoscopic surgery: should we offset? Surg Endosc. 2008;22:573.
    • (2008) Surg. Endosc. , vol.22 , pp. 573
    • Gilliam, A.D.1    Davidson, B.2    Guest, J.3
  • 8
    • 34248193271 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Greenhouse-gas costs of clinical trials
    • McMichael AJ, Bambrick HJ. Greenhouse-gas costs of clinical trials. Lancet. 2007;369:1584-5.
    • (2007) Lancet , vol.369 , pp. 1584-1585
    • McMichael, A.J.1    Bambrick, H.J.2
  • 9
    • 34247248900 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Towards sustainable clinical trials
    • Sustainable Trials Study Group
    • Sustainable Trials Study Group. Towards sustainable clinical trials. BMJ. 2007;334:671-3.
    • (2007) BMJ , vol.334 , pp. 671-673
  • 11
    • 33847093060 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reducing the carbon footprint of medical conferences
    • Roberts I, Godlee F. Reducing the carbon footprint of medical conferences. BMJ. 2007;334:324-5.
    • (2007) BMJ , vol.334 , pp. 324-325
    • Roberts, I.1    Godlee, F.2
  • 12
    • 0031615822 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • EMS agenda for the future: Where we are where we want to be
    • Delbridge TR, Bailey B, Chew JL Jr, et al. EMS agenda for the future: where we are. . . where we want to be. Prehosp Emerg Care. 1998;2:1-12.
    • (1998) Prehosp. Emerg. Care , vol.2 , pp. 1-12
    • Delbridge, T.R.1    Bailey, B.2    Chew Jr., J.L.3
  • 14
    • 34548559282 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey: 2005 emergency department summary
    • Nawar EW, Miska RW, Xu J. National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey: 2005 emergency department summary. Adv Data. 2007;386:1-32.
    • (2007) Adv. Data. , vol.386 , pp. 1-32
    • Nawar, E.W.1    Miska, R.W.2    Xu, J.3
  • 15
    • 70149111559 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carbon footprinting of EMS systems: Proof of concept
    • Blanchard I, Brown LH. Carbon footprinting of EMS systems: proof of concept. Prehosp Emerg Care. 2009;13:546-9.
    • (2009) Prehosp. Emerg. Care , vol.13 , pp. 546-549
    • Blanchard, I.1    Brown, L.H.2
  • 17
    • 78649499673 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fuel and energy source codes and emission coefficients
    • Washington DC: U.S. Department of Energy
    • Fuel and energy source codes and emission coefficients. In: Voluntary Reporting of Greenhouse Gases. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Energy, 2007.
    • (2007) Voluntary Reporting of Greenhouse Gases
  • 20
    • 84930707906 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electricity emission factors
    • Washington DC: U.S. Department of Energy
    • Appendix F. Electricity Emission Factors. In: Voluntary Reporting of Greenhouse Gases.Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Energy, 2007.
    • (2007) Voluntary Reporting of Greenhouse Gases
    • Appendix, F.1
  • 24
    • 78649503119 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MD: Carbonfund Org. Silver Spring Available at Accessed January 11
    • How We Calculate. Silver Spring, MD: Carbonfund.org. Available at: www.carbonfund.org/site/pages/carbon calculators/category/Assumptions/. Accessed January 11, 2009.
    • (2009) How We Calculate
  • 26
    • 78649526882 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ambulance Emissions press release Baltimore MD Available at Accessed April 25 2008
    • Maryland Department of the Environment. EPA Grant Will Reduce City Fire Truck, Ambulance Emissions [press release]. Baltimore, MD, 2005. Available at: www.mde.state.md.us/PressReleases/696.html. Accessed April 25, 2008.
    • (2005) Maryland Department of the Environment. EPA Grant Will Reduce City Fire Truck
  • 29
    • 39149142814 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An attributable risk model for exposures assumed to cause both chronic disease and its exacerbations
    • Kunzli N, Perez L, Lurmann F, Hricko A, Penfold B, Mc- Connell R. An attributable risk model for exposures assumed to cause both chronic disease and its exacerbations. Epidemiology. 2008;2:179-85.
    • (2008) Epidemiology , vol.2 , pp. 179-185
    • Kunzli, N.1    Perez, L.2    Lurmann, F.3    Hricko, A.4    Penfold, B.5    Mc-Connell, R.6
  • 30
    • 33845458962 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vehicle exhaust exposure in an incident case-control study of adult asthma
    • Modig L, Jarvohlm B, Ronnmark E, et al. Vehicle exhaust exposure in an incident case-control study of adult asthma. Eur Respir J. 2006;28:7-81.
    • (2006) Eur. Respir. J. , vol.28 , pp. 7-81
    • Modig, L.1    Jarvohlm, B.2    Ronnmark, E.3
  • 31
    • 31344448037 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ambulance exhaust: Exhausting our lungs
    • Gately R. Ambulance exhaust: exhausting our lungs. J Emerg Nurs. 2006;32:65-67.
    • (2006) J. Emerg. Nurs. , vol.32 , pp. 65-67
    • Gately, R.1
  • 32
    • 68149158847 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Climate change and emergency medicine: Impacts and opportunities
    • Hess JJ, Heilpern KL, Davis TE, Fumkin H. Climate change and emergency medicine: impacts and opportunities. Acad Emeg Med. 2009;16:782-94.
    • (2009) Acad. Emeg. Med. , vol.16 , pp. 782-794
    • Hess, J.J.1    Heilpern, K.L.2    Davis, T.E.3    Fumkin, H.4
  • 33
    • 78649524886 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gas shortage hits Western NC
    • September 26 2008 Available at Accessed September
    • Stock S, Siceloff B. Gas shortage hits Western N.C. Raleigh, NC: The News and Observer. September 26, 2008. Available at: www.newsobserver.com/2008/09/ 26/92285/gas-shortagehits-western-nc.html. Accessed September 23, 2010.
    • (2010) Raleigh NC: The News and Observer , vol.23
    • Stock, S.1    Siceloff, B.2
  • 34
    • 78649523366 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pumps still dry in Western N.C
    • Associated Press September 23 2008 Available at Accessed September
    • Associated Press. Pumps still dry in Western N.C. Greensboro, NC: The News-Record. September 23, 2008. Available at: www.news-record.com/content/2008/ 09/23/article/western nc still short of fuel. Accessed September 23, 2010.
    • (2010) Greensboro NC: The News-Record , vol.23
  • 35
    • 84861225918 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vancouver BC Canada: The Vancouver Sun July 8 2008 Available at Accessed September 23
    • Penner DE. Rising fuel prices add millions to service costs. Vancouver, BC, Canada: The Vancouver Sun. July 8, 2008. Available at: www.canada.com/ vancouversun/news/story.html?id=86254890-8f04-414a-8f92-43ad6cb3e40b. Accessed September23, 2010.
    • (2010) Rising Fuel Prices Add Millions to Service Costs
    • Penner, D.E.1
  • 36
    • 84924665459 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Air ambulance company rebounds from tragedies high fuel prices
    • September 18 2009 Available at: Accessed September
    • Harlin K. Air ambulance company rebounds from tragedies, high fuel prices. Investor s Business Daily. September 18, 2009. Available at: www.investors.com/NewsAndAnalysis/Article.aspx?id=506506. Accessed September 23, 2010.
    • (2010) Investors Business Daily , vol.23
    • Harlin, K.1
  • 37
    • 25144470385 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Percentile benchmarks in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: Health assessment questionnaire as a quality indicator
    • Krishnan E, Tugwell P, Fries JF. Percentile benchmarks in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: Health Assessment Questionnaire as a quality indicator. Arthritis Res Ther. 2004;6:R505-R513.
    • (2004) Arthritis. Res. Ther. , vol.6
    • Krishnan, E.1    Tugwell, P.2    Fries, J.F.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.