Understanding follicle growth in vivo

Human Reproduction

Volumn 25, Issue 12, 2010, Pages 2944-2954

  Oktem, Ozgur ^a   Urman, Bulent ^a  

^a AMERICAN HOSPITAL   (Turkey)

Author keywords

follicle growth; folliculogenesis; germ cells; oocyte; oogenesis

Indexed keywords

GONADOTROPIN; PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL 3,4,5 TRISPHOSPHATE 3 PHOSPHATASE; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR FKHRL1; TUMOR SUPPRESSOR PROTEIN; TUMOR SUPPRESSOR TUBEROUS SCHLEROSIS COMPLEX PROTEIN; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

AUTOCRINE EFFECT; HUMAN; LUTEINIZATION; NONHUMAN; OOCYTE; OVARIAN RESERVE; OVARY FOLLICLE DEVELOPMENT; OVULATION; PARACRINE SIGNALING; PREMATURE OVARIAN FAILURE; SHORT SURVEY;

MUS;

EID: 78649504608     PISSN: 02681161     EISSN: 14602350     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deq275     Document Type: Short Survey

References (122)

1. Abir R, Orvieto R, Dicker D, Zukerman Z, Barnett M, Fisch B. Preliminary studies on apoptosis in human fetal ovaries. Fertil Steril 2002;2:259-264.
2. Adashi EY, Resnick CE, Hernandez ER, May JV, Purchio AF, Twardzik DR. Ovarian transforming growth factor-beta (TGF beta): cellular site(s), and mechanism(s) of action. Mol Cell Endocrinol 1989;2:247-256.
3. Adhikari D, Zheng W, Shen Y, Gorre N, Hamalainen T, Cooney AJ, Huhtaniemi I, Lan ZJ, Liu K. Tsc/mTORC1 signaling in oocytes governs the quiescence and activation of primordial follicles. Hum Mol Genet 2010;3:397-410.
4. Agoulnik AI, Lu B, Zhu Q, Truong C, Ty MT, Arango N, Chada KK, Bishop CE. A novel gene, Pog, is necessary for primordial germ cell proliferation in the mouse and underlies the germ cell deficient mutation, gcd. Hum Mol Genet 2002;24:3047-3053.
5. Alak BM, Smith GD, Woodruff TK, Stouffer RL, Wolf DP. Enhancement of primate oocyte maturation and fertilization in vitro by inhibin A and activin A. Fertil Steril 1996;4:646-653.
6. Alak BM, Coskun S, Friedman CI, Kennard EA, Kim MH, Seifer DB. Activin A stimulates meiotic maturation of human oocytes and modulates granulosa cell steroidogenesis in vitro. Fertil Steril 1998;6:1126-1130.
7. Baerwald AR, Adams GP, Pierson RA. Characterization of ovarian follicular wave dynamics in women. Biol Reprod 2003;3:1023-1031.
8. Baker TG. A quantitative and cytological study of germ cells in human ovaries. Proc R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 1963;158:417-433.
9. Baltus AE, Menke DB, Hu YC, Goodheart ML, Carpenter AE, de Rooij DG, Page DC. In germ cells of mouse embryonic ovaries, the decision to enter meiosis precedes premeiotic DNA replication. Nat Genet 2006;12:1430-1434.
10. Beck AR, Miller IJ, Anderson P, Streuli M. RNA-binding protein TIAR is essential for primordial germ cell development. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1998;5:2331-2336.
11. Carabatsos MJ, Elvin J, Matzuk MM, Albertini DF. Characterization of oocyte and follicle development in growth differentiation factor-9-deficient mice. Dev Biol 1998;2:373-384.
12. Castrillon DH, Miao L, Kollipara R, Horner JW, DePinho RA. Suppression of ovarian follicle activation in mice by the transcription factor Foxo3a. Science 2003;5630:215-218.
13. Chang H, Matzuk MM. Smad5 is required for mouse primordial germ cell development. Mech Dev 2001;1-2:61-67.
14. Chegini N, Flanders KC. Presence of transforming growth factor-beta and their selective cellular localization in human ovarian tissue of various reproductive stages. Endocrinology 1992;3:1707-1715.
15. Cheng L, Gearing DP, White LS, Compton DL, Schooley K, Donovan PJ. Role of leukemia inhibitory factor and its receptor in mouse primordial germ cell growth. Development 1994;11:3145-3153.
16. Crisponi L, Deiana M, Loi A, Chiappe F, Uda M, Amati P, Bisceglia L, Zelante L, Nagaraja R, Porcu S. et al. The putative forkhead transcription factor FOXL2 is mutated in blepharophimosis/ptosis/ epicanthus inversus syndrome. Nat Genet 2001;2:159-166.
17. De Baere E, Beysen D, Oley C, Lorenz B, Cocquet J, De Sutter P, Devriendt K, Dixon M, Fellous M, Fryns JP. et al. FOXL2 and BPES: mutational hotspots, phenotypic variability, and revision of the genotype-phenotype correlation. Am J Hum Genet 2003;2:478-487.
18. De Vet A, Laven JS, de Jong FH, Themmen AP, Fauser BC. Antimullerian hormone serum levels: a putative marker for ovarian aging. Fertil Steril 2002;2:357-362.
19. Di Giacomo M, Barchi M, Baudat F, Edelmann W, Keeney S, Jasin M. Distinct DNA-damage-dependent and -independent responses drive the loss of oocytes in recombination-defective mouse mutants. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2005;3:737-742.
20. Di Pasquale E, Beck-Peccoz P, Persani L. Hypergonadotropic ovarian failure associated with an inherited mutation of human bone morphogenetic protein-15 (BMP15) gene. Am J Hum Genet 2004;1:106-111.
21. Dissen GA, Romero C, Hirshfield AN, Ojeda SR. Nerve growth factor is required for early follicular development in the mammalian ovary. Endocrinology 2001;5:2078-2086.
22. Dodson WC, Schomberg DW. The effect of transforming growth factor-beta on follicle-stimulating hormone-induced differentiation of cultured rat granulosa cells. Endocrinology 1987;2:512-516.
23. Dong J, Albertini DF, Nishimori K, Kumar TR, Lu N, Matzuk MM. Growth differentiation factor-9 is required during early ovarian folliculogenesis. Nature 1996;6600:531-535.
24. Durlinger AL, Kramer P, Karels B, de Jong FH, Uilenbroek JT, Grootegoed JA, Themmen AP. Control of primordial follicle recruitment by anti-Mullerian hormone in the mouse ovary. Endocrinology 1999;12:5789-5796.
25. Durlinger AL, Gruijters MJ, Kramer P, Karels B, Kumar TR, Matzuk MM, Rose UM, de Jong FH, Uilenbroek JT, Grootegoed JA. et al. Anti-Mullerian hormone attenuates the effects of FSH on follicle development in the mouse ovary. Endocrinology 2001;11:4891-4899.
26. Durlinger AL, Gruijters MJ, Kramer P, Karels B, Ingraham HA, Nachtigal MW, Uilenbroek JT, Grootegoed JA, Themmen AP. Anti-Mullerian hormone inhibits initiation of primordial follicle growth in the mouse ovary. Endocrinology 2002;3:1076-1084.
27. Ebner T, Sommergruber M, Moser M, Shebl O, Schreier-Lechner E, Tews G. Basal level of anti-Mullerian hormone is associated with oocyte quality in stimulated cycles. Hum Reprod 2006;8:2022-2026.
28. Eppig JJ. Oocyte control of ovarian follicular development and function in mammals. Reproduction 2001;6:829-838.
29. Eramaa M, Ritvos O. Transforming growth factor-beta 1 and -beta 2 induce inhibin and activin beta B-subunit messenger ribonucleic acid levels in cultured human granulosa-luteal cells. Fertil Steril 1996;5:954-960.
30. Erickson GF, Shimasaki S. The spatiotemporal expression pattern of the bone morphogenetic protein family in rat ovary cell types during the estrous cycle. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2003;1:9.
31. Findlay JK. An update on the roles of inhibin, activin, and follistatin as local regulators of folliculogenesis. Biol Reprod 1993;1:15-23.
32. Gallardo TD, John GB, Bradshaw K, Welt C, Reijo-Pera R, Vogt PH, Touraine P, Bione S, Toniolo D, Nelson LM. et al. Sequence variation at the human FOXO3 locus: a study of premature ovarian failure and primary amenorrhea. Hum Reprod 2008;1:216-221.
33. Galloway SM, McNatty KP, Cambridge LM, Laitinen MP, Juengel JL, Jokiranta TS, McLaren RJ, Luiro K, Dodds KG, Montgomery GW. et al. Mutations in an oocyte-derived growth factor gene (BMP15) cause increased ovulation rate and infertility in a dosage-sensitive manner. Nat Genet 2000;3:279-283.
34. Goldenberg RL, Powell RD, Rosen SW, Marshall JR, Ross GT. Ovarian morphology in women with anosmia and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1976;1:91-94.
35. Guo Q, Kumar TR, Woodruff T, Hadsell LA, DeMayo FJ, Matzuk MM. Overexpression of mouse follistatin causes reproductive defects in transgenic mice. Mol Endocrinol 1998;1:96-106.
36. Hanrahan JP, Gregan SM, Mulsant P, Mullen M, Davis GH, Powell R, Galloway SM. Mutations in the genes for oocyte-derived growth factors GDF9 and BMP15 are associated with both increased ovulation rate and sterility in Cambridge and Belclare sheep (Ovis aries). Biol Reprod 2004;4:900-909.
37. Hayashi M, McGee EA, Min G, Klein C, Rose UM, van Duin M, Hsueh AJ. Recombinant growth differentiation factor-9 (GDF-9) enhances growth and differentiation of cultured early ovarian follicles. Endocrinology 1999; 3:1236-1244.
38. Hreinsson JG, Scott JE, Rasmussen C, Swahn ML, Hsueh AJ, Hovatta O. Growth differentiation factor-9 promotes the growth, development, and survival of human ovarian follicles in organ culture. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2002;1:316-321.
39. Hsueh AJ, Dahl KD, Vaughan J, Tucker E, Rivier J, Bardin CW, Vale W. Heterodimers and homodimers of inhibin subunits have different paracrine action in the modulation of luteinizing hormone-stimulated androgen biosynthesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1987;14:5082-5086.
40. Huang EJ, Manova K, Packer AI, Sanchez S, Bachvarova RF, Besmer P. The murine steel panda mutation affects kit ligand expression and growth of early ovarian follicles. Dev Biol 1993;1:100-109.
41. Hudson PL, Dougas I, Donahoe PK, Cate RL, Epstein J, Pepinsky RB, MacLaughlin DT. An immunoassay to detect human mullerian inhibiting substance in males and females during normal development. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1990;1:16-22.
42. John GB, Gallardo TD, Shirley LJ, Castrillon DH. Foxo3 is a PI3K-dependent molecular switch controlling the initiation of oocyte growth. Dev Biol 2008;1:197-204.
43. Johnson J, Canning J, Kaneko T, Pru JK, Tilly JL. Germline stem cells and follicular renewal in the postnatal mammalian ovary. Nature 2004; 6979:145-150.
44. Johnson J, Bagley J, Skaznik-Wikiel M, Lee HJ, Adams GB, Niikura Y, Tschudy KS, Tilly JC, Cortes ML, Forkert R. et al. Oocyte generation in adult mammalian ovaries by putative germ cells in bone marrow and peripheral blood. Cell 2005;2:303-315.
45. Juengel JL, McNatty KP. The role of proteins of the transforming growth factor-beta superfamily in the intraovarian regulation of follicular development. Hum Reprod Update 2005;2:143-160.
46. Juengel JL, Hudson NL, Heath DA, Smith P, Reader KL, Lawrence SB, O'Connell AR, Laitinen MP, Cranfield M, Groome NP. et al. Growth differentiation factor 9 and bone morphogenetic protein 15 are essential for ovarian follicular development in sheep. Biol Reprod 2002; 6:1777-1789.
47. Juneja SC, Barr KJ, Enders GC, Kidder GM. Defects in the germ line and gonads of mice lacking connexin43. Biol Reprod 1999; 5:1263-1270.
48. Kezele PR, Nilsson EE, Skinner MK. Insulin but not insulin-like growth factor-1 promotes the primordial to primary follicle transition. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2002;1-2:37-43.
49. Kezele P, Nilsson EE, Skinner MK. Keratinocyte growth factor acts as a mesenchymal factor that promotes ovarian primordial to primary follicle transition. Biol Reprod 2005;5:967-973.
50. Knight PG, Glister C. TGF-beta superfamily members and ovarian follicle development. Reproduction 2006;2:191-206.
51. Lange UC, Saitou M, Western PS, Barton SC, Surani MA. The fragilis interferon-inducible gene family of transmembrane proteins is associated with germ cell specification in mice. BMC Dev Biol 2003;3:1.
52. Lawson KA, Dunn NR, Roelen BA, Zeinstra LM, Davis AM, Wright CV, Korving JP, Hogan BL. Bmp4 is required for the generation of primordial germ cells in the mouse embryo. Genes Dev 1999;4:424-436.
53. Lee WS, Otsuka F, Moore RK, Shimasaki S. Effect of bone morphogenetic protein-7 on folliculogenesis and ovulation in the rat. Biol Reprod 2001; 4:994-999.
54. Lee WS, Yoon SJ, Yoon TK, Cha KY, Lee SH, Shimasaki S, Lee S, Lee KA. Effects of bone morphogenetic protein-7 (BMP-7) on primordial follicular growth in the mouse ovary. Mol Reprod Dev 2004;2:159-163.
55. Lee HJ, Selesniemi K, Niikura Y, Niikura T, Klein R, Dombkowski DM, Tilly JL. Bone marrow transplantation generates immature oocytes and rescues long-term fertility in a preclinical mouse model of chemotherapy-induced premature ovarian failure. J Clin Oncol 2007; 22:3198-3204.
56. Liang L, Soyal SM, Dean J. FIGalpha, a germ cell specific transcription factor involved in the coordinate expression of the zona pellucida genes. Development 1997;24:4939-4947.
57. Liaw D, Marsh DJ, Li J, Dahia PL, Wang SI, Zheng Z, Bose S, Call KM, Tsou HC, Peacocke M. et al. Germline mutations of the PTEN gene in Cowden disease, an inherited breast and thyroid cancer syndrome. Nat Genet 1997;1:64-67.
58. Liu X, Andoh K, Yokota H, Kobayashi J, Abe Y, Yamada K, Mizunuma H, Ibuki Y. Effects of growth hormone, activin, and follistatin on the development of preantral follicle from immature female mice. Endocrinology 1998;5:2342-2347.
59. Liu X, Andoh K, Abe Y, Kobayashi J, Yamada K, Mizunuma H, Ibuki Y. A comparative study on transforming growth factor-beta and activin A for preantral follicles from adult, immature, and diethylstilbestrol-primed immature mice. Endocrinology 1999;6:2480-2485.
60. Luoh SW, Bain PA, Polakiewicz RD, Goodheart ML, Gardner H, Jaenisch R, Page DC. Zfx mutation results in small animal size and reduced germ cell number in male and female mice. Development 1997;11:2275-2284.
61. Maheshwari A, Fowler PA. Primordial follicular assembly in humans- revisited. Zygote 2008;4:285-296.
62. Manova K, Huang EJ, Angeles M, De Leon V, Sanchez S, Pronovost SM, Besmer P, Bachvarova RF. The expression pattern of the c-kit ligand in gonads of mice supports a role for the c-kit receptor in oocyte growth and in proliferation of spermatogonia. Dev Biol 1993; 1:85-99.
63. Matzuk MM, Kumar TR, Bradley A. Different phenotypes for mice deficient in either activins or activin receptor type II. Nature 1995; 6520:356-360.
64. Mc KD, Hertig AT, Adams EC, Danziger S. Histochemical observations on the germ cells of human embryos. Anat Rec 1953;2:201-219.
65. McGee EA, Hsueh AJ. Initial and cyclic recruitment of ovarian follicles. Endocr Rev 2000;2:200-214.
66. ′-monophosphate pathway and stimulation of growth and differentiation by follicle-stimulating hormone. Endocrinology 1997;6:2417-2424.
67. Merchant-Larios H, Centeno B. Morphogenesis of the ovary from the sterile W/Wv mouse. Prog Clin Biol Res 1981;59B:383-392.
68. Mizunuma H, Liu X, Andoh K, Abe Y, Kobayashi J, Yamada K, Yokota H, Ibuki Y, Hasegawa Y. Activin from secondary follicles causes small preantral follicles to remain dormant at the resting stage. Endocrinology 1999;1:37-42.
69. Nilsson EE, Skinner MK. Growth and differentiation factor-9 stimulates progression of early primary but not primordial rat ovarian follicle development. Biol Reprod 2002;3:1018-1024.
70. Nilsson EE, Skinner MK. Bone morphogenetic protein-4 acts as an ovarian follicle survival factor and promotes primordial follicle development. Biol Reprod 2003;4:1265-1272.
71. Nilsson EE, Skinner MK. Kit ligand and basic fibroblast growth factor interactions in the induction of ovarian primordial to primary follicle transition. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2004;1-2:19-25.
72. Nilsson EE, Kezele P, Skinner MK. Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) promotes the primordial to primary follicle transition in rat ovaries. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2002;1-2:65-73.
73. O WS, Robertson DM, de Kretser DM. Inhibin as an oocyte meiotic inhibitor. Mol Cell Endocrinol 1989;2:307-311.
74. O'Brien MJ, Pendola JK, Eppig JJ. A revised protocol for in vitro development of mouse oocytes from primordial follicles dramatically improves their developmental competence. Biol Reprod 2003;5:1682-1686.
75. Ohinata Y, Payer B, O'Carroll D, Ancelin K, Ono Y, Sano M, Barton SC, Obukhanych T, Nussenzweig M, Tarakhovsky A. et al. Blimp1 is a critical determinant of the germ cell lineage in mice. Nature 2005; 7048:207-213.
76. Ohinata Y, Ohta H, Shigeta M, Yamanaka K, Wakayama T, Saitou M. A signaling principle for the specification of the germ cell lineage in mice. Cell 2009;3:571-584.
77. Oktay K, Briggs D, Gosden RG. Ontogeny of follicle-stimulating hormone receptor gene expression in isolated human ovarian follicles. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1997;11:3748-3751.
78. Oktay K, Newton H, Mullan J, Gosden RG. Development of human primordial follicles to antral stages in SCID/hpg mice stimulated with follicle stimulating hormone. Hum Reprod 1998;5:1133-1138.
79. Oktay K, Karlikaya G, Akman O, Ojakian GK, Oktay M. Interaction of extracellular matrix and activin-A in the initiation of follicle growth in the mouse ovary. Biol Reprod 2000;2:457-461.
80. Oktem O, Oktay K. Quantitative assessment of the impact of chemotherapy on ovarian follicle reserve and stromal function. Cancer 2007a;10:2222-2229. (Pubitemid 350100744)
81. Oktem O, Oktay K. The role of extracellular matrix and activin-A in in vitro growth and survival of murine preantral follicles. Reprod Sci 2007b; 4:358-366.
82. Oktem O, Oktay K. The ovary: anatomy and function throughout human life. Ann NY Acad Sci 2008;1127:1-9.
83. Otsuka F, Yao Z, Lee T, Yamamoto S, Erickson GF, Shimasaki S. Bone morphogenetic protein-15. Identification of target cells and biological functions. J Biol Chem 2000;50:39523-39528.
84. Otsuka F, Moore RK, Iemura S, Ueno N, Shimasaki S. Follistatin inhibits the function of the oocyte-derived factor BMP-15. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2001;5:961-966.
85. Plug AW, Peters AH, Xu Y, Keegan KS, Hoekstra MF, Baltimore D, de Boer P, Ashley T. ATM and RPA in meiotic chromosome synapsis and recombination. Nat Genet 1997;4:457-461.
86. Rajareddy S, Reddy P, Du C, Liu L, Jagarlamudi K, Tang W, Shen Y, Berthet C, Peng SL, Kaldis P. et al. p27kip1 (cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1B) controls ovarian development by suppressing follicle endowment and activation and promoting follicle atresia in mice. Mol Endocrinol 2007;9:2189-2202.
87. Rajkovic A, Pangas SA, Ballow D, Suzumori N, Matzuk MM. NOBOX deficiency disrupts early folliculogenesis and oocyte-specific gene expression. Science 2004;5687:1157-1159.
88. Rajpert-De Meyts E, Jorgensen N, Graem N, Muller J, Cate RL, Skakkebaek NE. Expression of anti-Mullerian hormone during normal and pathological gonadal development: association with differentiation of Sertoli and granulosa cells. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1999;10:3836-3844.
89. Rankin T, Familari M, Lee E, Ginsberg A, Dwyer N, Blanchette-Mackie J, Drago J, Westphal H, Dean J. Mice homozygous for an insertional mutation in the Zp3 gene lack a zona pellucida and are infertile. Development 1996;9:2903-2910.
90. Reddy P, Liu L, Adhikari D, Jagarlamudi K, Rajareddy S, Shen Y, Du C, Tang W, Hamalainen T, Peng SL. et al. Oocyte-specific deletion of Pten causes premature activation of the primordial follicle pool. Science 2008;5863:611-613.
91. Roy SK, Kole AR. Ovarian transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) receptors: in vitro effects of follicle stimulating hormone, epidermal growth factor and TGF-beta on receptor expression in human preantral follicles. Mol Hum Reprod 1998;3:207-214.
92. Ruggiu M, Speed R, Taggart M, McKay SJ, Kilanowski F, Saunders P, Dorin J, Cooke HJ. The mouse Dazla gene encodes a cytoplasmic protein essential for gametogenesis. Nature 1997;6646:73-77.
93. Sadatsuki M, Tsutsumi O, Yamada R, Muramatsu M, Taketani Y. Local regulatory effects of activin A and follistatin on meiotic maturation of rat oocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1993;1:388-395.
94. Saitou M, Barton SC, Surani MA. A molecular programme for the specification of germ cell fate in mice. Nature 2002;6895:293-300.
95. Saragueta PE, Lanuza GM, Baranao JL. Autocrine role of transforming growth factor beta1 on rat granulosa cell proliferation. Biol Reprod 2002;6:1862-1868.
96. Schmidt D, Ovitt CE, Anlag K, Fehsenfeld S, Gredsted L, Treier AC, Treier M. The murine winged-helix transcription factor Foxl2 is required for granulosa cell differentiation and ovary maintenance. Development 2004;4:933-942.
97. Shimasaki S, Zachow RJ, Li D, Kim H, Iemura S, Ueno N, Sampath K, Chang RJ, Erickson GF. A functional bone morphogenetic protein system in the ovary. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1999;13:7282-7287.
98. Shimasaki S, Moore RK, Otsuka F, Erickson GF. The bone morphogenetic protein system in mammalian reproduction. Endocr Rev 2004;1:72-101.
99. Silva CC, Groome NP, Knight PG. Demonstration of a suppressive effect of inhibin alpha-subunit on the developmental competence of in vitro matured bovine oocytes. J Reprod Fertil 1999;2:381-388.
100. Simon AM, Goodenough DA, Li E, Paul DL. Female infertility in mice lacking connexin 37. Nature 1997;6616:525-529.
101. Skinner MK. Regulation of primordial follicle assembly and development. Hum Reprod Update 2005;5:461-471.
102. Smitz J, Cortvrindt R, Hu Y, Vanderstichele H. Effects of recombinant activin A on in vitro culture of mouse preantral follicles. Mol Reprod Dev 1998;3:294-304.
103. Solloway MJ, Dudley AT, Bikoff EK, Lyons KM, Hogan BL, Robertson EJ. Mice lacking Bmp6 function. Dev Genet 1998;4:321-339.
104. Soyal SM, Amleh A, Dean J. FIGalpha, a germ cell-specific transcription factor required for ovarian follicle formation. Development 2000; 21:4645-4654.
105. Tremblay KD, Dunn NR, Robertson EJ. Mouse embryos lacking Smad1 signals display defects in extra-embryonic tissues and germ cell formation. Development 2001;18:3609-3621.
106. Trombly DJ, Woodruff TK, Mayo KE. Suppression of Notch signaling in the neonatal mouse ovary decreases primordial follicle formation. Endocrinology 2009;2:1014-1024.
107. Tsuda M, Sasaoka Y, Kiso M, Abe K, Haraguchi S, Kobayashi S, Saga Y. Conserved role of nanos proteins in germ cell development. Science 2003;5637:1239-1241.
108. Van Rooij IA, Broekmans FJ, te Velde ER, Fauser BC, Bancsi LF, de Jong FH, Themmen AP. Serum anti-Mullerian hormone levels: a novel measure of ovarian reserve. Hum Reprod 2002;12:3065-3071.
109. Visser JA, Themmen AP. Anti-Mullerian hormone and folliculogenesis. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2005;1-2:81-86.
110. Vitt UA, McGee EA, Hayashi M, Hsueh AJ. In vivo treatment with GDF-9 stimulates primordial and primary follicle progression and theca cell marker CYP17 in ovaries of immature rats. Endocrinology 2000; 10:3814-3820.
111. Waldeyer W. Eierstock und EiEngleman. Leipzig, 1870.
112. Wang J, Roy SK. Growth differentiation factor-9 and stem cell factor promote primordial follicle formation in the hamster: modulation by follicle-stimulating hormone. Biol Reprod 2004;3:577-585.
113. Weenen C, Laven JS, Von Bergh AR, Cranfield M, Groome NP, Visser JA, Kramer P, Fauser BC, Themmen AP. Anti-Mullerian hormone expression pattern in the human ovary: potential implications for initial and cyclic follicle recruitment. Mol Hum Reprod 2004;2:77-83.
114. Xiao S, Robertson DM, Findlay JK. Effects of activin and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)-suppressing protein/follistatin on FSH receptors and differentiation of cultured rat granulosa cells. Endocrinology 1992; 3:1009-1016.
115. Yamaji M, Seki Y, Kurimoto K, Yabuta Y, Yuasa M, Shigeta M, Yamanaka K, Ohinata Y, Saitou M. Critical function of Prdm14 for the establishment of the germ cell lineage in mice. Nat Genet 2008;8:1016-1022.
116. Yamoto M, Minami S, Nakano R, Kobayashi M. Immunohistochemical localization of inhibin/activin subunits in human ovarian follicles during the menstrual cycle. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1992;5:989-993.
117. Yan C, Wang P, DeMayo J, DeMayo FJ, Elvin JA, Carino C, Prasad SV, Skinner SS, Dunbar BS, Dube JL. et al. Synergistic roles of bone morphogenetic protein 15 and growth differentiation factor 9 in ovarian function. Mol Endocrinol 2001;6:854-866.
118. Ying Y, Zhao GQ. Cooperation of endoderm-derived BMP2 and extraembryonic ectoderm-derived BMP4 in primordial germ cell generation in the mouse. Dev Biol 2001;2:484-492.
119. Ying Y, Qi X, Zhao GQ. Induction of primordial germ cells from murine epiblasts by synergistic action of BMP4 and BMP8B signaling pathways. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2001;14:7858-7862.
120. Zhao J, Taverne MA, van der Weijden GC, Bevers MM, van den Hurk R. Effect of activin A on in vitro development of rat preantral follicles and localization of activin A and activin receptor II. Biol Reprod 2001; 3:967-977.
121. Zou K, Yuan Z, Yang Z, Luo H, Sun K, Zhou L, Xiang J, Shi L, Yu Q, Zhang Y. et al. Production of offspring from a germline stem cell line derived from neonatal ovaries. Nat Cell Biol 2009;5:631-636.
122. Zuckerman S. The number of oocytes in the mature ovary. Recent Prog Horm Res 1951;6:63-109.