Sudden cardiac death in forensic pathology

Clinical Approach to Sudden Cardiac Death Syndromes

Volumn , Issue , 2010, Pages 91-110

  Oliva, Antonio ^a   Pascali, Vincenzo L ^a  

^a CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY   (Italy)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 78649332611     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1007/978-1-84882-927-5_7     Document Type: Chapter

References (77)

1. Gillum RF. Sudden coronary death in the United States 1980-1985. Circulation. 1989;79:756-765
2. Myerburg RJ, Castellanos A. Cardiac arrest and sudden cardiac death. In: Braunwald E, ed. Heart disease: a textbook of cardiovascular medicine. Philadelphia, PA: Saunders; 2001:890-931
3. Zheng ZJ, Croft JB, Giles WH, Mensah GA. Sudden cardiac death in the United States, 1989 to 1998. Circulation. 2001; 104:2158-2163
4. Becker LB, Smith DW. Rhodes KV Incidence of cardiac arrest: a neglected factor in evaluating survival rates. Ann Emerg Med. 1993;22:86-91
5. Priori SG, Aliot E, Blomstrom-Lundqvist C, et al. Task force on sudden cardiac death of the European Society of Cardiology. Eur Heart J. 2001;22:1374-1450
6. Corrado D, Basso C, Pavei A, et al. Trends in sudden cardiovascular death in young competitive athletes after implementation of a preparticipation screening program. JAMA. 2006;296:1593-1601
7. Goldstein S. The necessity of a uniform defnition of sudden coronary death: witnessed death within 1 hour of the onset of acute symptoms. Am Heart J. 1982;103:156-159
8. Virmani R, Burke AP, Farb A. Sudden cardiac death. Cardiovasc Pathol. 2001;10:211-218
9. Basso C, Calabrese F, Corrado D, et al. Postmortem diagnosis in sudden cardiac death victims: macroscopic, microscopic and molecular fndings. Cardiovasc Res. 2001;50: 290-330
10. Brinkmann B. Harmonization of medico-legal autopsy rules. Committee of Ministers. Council of Europe. Int J Legal Med. 1999;113:1-14
11. Davies MJ. The investigation of sudden cardiac death. Histopathology. 1999;34:93-98
12. Royal College of Pathologists. Guidelines on autopsy practice 2005, scenario 1: sudden death with likely cardiac pathology. 2005: 1-7. http://www.rcpath.org/index.asp?PageID=687
13. Sheppard M, Davies MJ. Investigation of sudden cardiac death. In: Sheppard M, Davies MJ, eds. Practical cardiovascular pathology. London: Arnold; 1998:191-204
14. Thiene G, Basso C, Corrado D. Cardiovascular causes of sudden death. In: Silver MD, Gotlieb AI, Schoen FJ, eds. Cardiovascular pathology. Philadelphia, PA: Churchill Livingstone; 2001:326-374
15. Behr E, Wood DA, Wright M, et al. Cardiological assessment of frst-degree relatives in sudden arrhythmic death syndrome. Lancet. 2003;362:1457
16. Leach IH, Blundell JW, Rowley JM, et al. Acute ischaemic lesions in death due to ischaemic heart disease: an autopsy study of 333 out of hospital deaths. Eur Heart J. 1995;16: 1181-1185
17. Burke AP, Farb A, Malcolm GT, et al. Coronary risk factor and plaque morphology in men with coronary disease who died suddenly. N Engl J Med. 1997;336:1276-1282
18. Chase DL. Ph.D. thesis. Southampton: University of Southampton; 2006
19. Bowker TJ, Wood DA, Davies MJ, et al. Sudden, unexpected cardiac or unexplained death in England: a national survey. Quart J Med. 2003;96:269-279
20. Fabre A, Sheppard MN. Sudden adult death syndrome an other non-ischaemic causes of sudden cardiac death. Heart. 2006;92:316-320
21. Cohle SD, Sampson BA. The negative autopsy. Sudden cardiac death or other. Cardiovasc Pathol 2001;10:271-4
22. Finkbeiner WE, Ursell PC, Davis RL. Basic post-mortem examination in autopsy pathology. A Manual and Atlas. Philadelphia, PA: Churchill Livingstone; 2004:41-65
23. Basso C, Burke M, Fornes P, et al. Guidelines for autopsy investigation of sudden cardiac death. Virchows Arch. 2008 Jan;452(1):11-18. Epub 2007 Oct 20
24. Saukko P, Knight B. The pathology of sudden death. In: Knight's Forensic Pathology. 3rd ed. London: Edward Arnold; 2004:492-526
25. Kitzman DW, Scholz DG, Hagen PT, et al. Age-related changes in normal human hearts during the frst 10 decades of life. Part II (maturity): a quantitative anatomic study of 765 specimens from subjects 20 to 99 years old. Mayo Clin Proc. 1988;63:137-146
26. Scholz DG, Kitzman DW, Hagen PT, et al.: Age-related changes in normal human hearts during the frst 10 decades of life. Part I (growth): a quantitative anatomic study of 200 specimens from subjects from birth to 19 years old. Mayo Clin Proc. 1988;63:126-136
27. Schulz DM, Giordano DA. Hearts of infants and children: weights and measurements. Arch Pathol. 1962;73:464-471
28. Medical Devices Agency Safety Notice 2002(35) Removal of implantable cardioverter defbrillators (ICDs). 2002. http://www.mhra.gov.uk/home/idcplg? IdcService= SS-GET-AGE&useSecondary= true&ssDocName=CON0 08731&ssTargetNodeId=420 (pp 1-3)
29. SOFT and AAFS. Forensic toxicology laboratory guidelines. 2002:1-23. www.soft-tox.org/docs/Guidelines.2002. fnal.pdf
30. Carturan E, Tester DJ, Brost BB, et al. Postmortem genetic testing for conventional autopsy negative sudden unexplained death: an evaluation of different DNA extraction protocols and the feasibility of mutational analysis from archival paraffn embedded heart tissue. Am J Clin Pathol. 2008 Mar;129(3):391-397
31. Chugh SS, Senashova O, Watts A, et al. Postmortem molecular screening in unexplained sudden death. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2004;43:1625-1629
32. Tester DJ. Ackerman MJ The role of molecular autopsy in unexplained sudden cardiac death. Curr Opin Cardiol. 2006;21:166-172
33. Kannel WB, Cupples LA, D'Agostino RB. Sudden death risk in overt coronary heart disease: the Framingham Study. Am Heart J. 1987;113:799-804
34. Zipes DP, Wellens HJJ. Sudden cardiac death. Circulation. 1998;98:2334-2351
35. Weaver WD, Lorch GS, Alvarez HA, et al. Angiographic fndings and prognostic indicators in patients resuscitated from sudden cardiac death. Circulation. 1976;54:895-900
36. Perper JA, Kuller LH, Cooper M. Arteriosclerosis of coronary arteries in sudden unexpected deaths. Circulation. 1975;52(Suppl 6):III27-III33
37. Theroux P, Fuster V. Acute coronary syndromes: unstable angina and non-Q-wave myocardial infarction. Circulation. 1998;97:1195-1206
38. Huikuri H V, Castellanos A, Myerburg RJ. Sudden death due to cardiac arrhythmias. N Engl J Med. 2001;345:1473-1482
39. Basso C, Corrado D, Thiene G. Congenital coronary artery anomalies as an important cause of sudden death in the young. Cardiol Rev. 2001;9:312-317
40. Schwartz PJ, La Rovere MT, Vanoli E. Autonomic nervous system and sudden cardiac death: experimental basis and clinical observations for post-myocardial infarction risk stratifcation. Circulation. 1992;85(Suppl I):I77-I91
41. Cittadini F, Oliva A, Arena V, et al. Sudden cardiac death associated with a coronary artery anomaly considered benign. Int J Cardiol. 2008. In press
42. Corrado D, Thiene G, Cocco P, et al. Non-atherosclerotic coronary artery disease and sudden death in the young. Br Heart J. 1992;68:601-607
43. Richardson P, McKenna W, Bristow M, et al. Report of the 1995 World Health Organization/International Society and Federation of Cardiology Task Force on the Defnition and Classifcation of cardiomyopathies. Circulation. 1996;93: 841-842
44. Codd MB, Sugrue DD, Gersh BJ, et al. Epidemiology of idiopathic dilated and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. A population-based study in Olmsted County, Minnesota, 1975- 1984. Circulation. 1989;80(3):564-572
45. Roberts WC, McAllister HA Jr, Ferrans VJ. Sarcoidosis o the heart. A clinicopathologic study of 35 necropsy patients (group 1) and review of 78 previously described necropsy patients (group 11). Am J Med. 1977;63:86-108
46. Moolman JC, Corfeld VA, Posen B, et al. Sudden death due to troponin T mutations. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1997;29:549-555
47. Maron BJ, Anan TJ, Roberts WC. Quantitative analysis of the distribution of cardiac muscle cell disorganization in the left ventricular wall of patients with hypertrophic cardio-myopathy. Circulation. 1981;63:882-894
48. Scheffold T, Binner P, Erdmann J, et al. Hypertrophic cardi-omyopathy. Herz. 2005;30:550-557
49. Ackerman MJ, VanDriest SL, Ommen SR, et al. Prevalence and age-dependence of malignant mutations in the beta-myosin heavy chain and troponin T genes in hypertrophic cardiomyopa-thy: a comprehensive outpatient perspective. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2002;39:2042-2048
50. Nava A, Thiene G, Canciani B, et al. Familial occurrence of right ventricular dysplasia: a study involving nine families. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1988;12:1222-1228
51. Corrado D, Basso C, Thiene G, et al. Spectrum of clinico-pathologic manifestations of arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy/dysplasia: a multicenter study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1997;30:1512-1520
52. De Pasquale CG, Heddle WF. Left sided arrhythmogenic ventricular dysplasia in siblings. Heart. 2001;86:128-130
53. Gallo P, d'Amati G, Pelliccia F. Pathologic evidence of extensive left ventricular involvement in arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy. Hum Pathol. 1992;23: 948-952
54. Burke A, Mont E, Kutys R, et al. Left ventricular noncom-paction: a pathological study of 14 cases. Hum Pathol. 2005; 36:403-411
55. Norman M, Simpson M, Mogensen J, et al. Novel mutation in desmoplakin causes arrhythmogenic left ventricular car-diomyopathy. Circulation. 2005;112:636-642
56. Oechslin EN, Attenhofer Jost CH, Rojas JR, et al. Long-term follow-up of 34 adults with isolated left ventricular noncom-paction: a distinct cardiomyopathy with poor prognosis. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2000;36:493-500
57. Ladich E, Virmani R, Burke A. Sudden cardiac death not related to coronary atherosclerosis. Toxicol Pathol. 2006; 34(1):52-57
58. Martin AB, Webber S, Fricker FJ, et al. Acute myocarditis. Rapid diagnosis by PCR in children. Circulation. 1994;90: 330-339
59. Litovsky SH, Burke AP, Virmani R. Giant cell myocarditis: an entity distinct from sarcoidosis characterized by multi-phasic myocyte destruction by cytotoxic T cells and histio-cytic giant cells. Mod Pathos. 1996;9:1126-1134
60. Roberts WC, McAllister HA Jr, Ferrans VJ. Sarcoidosis of the heart. A clinicopathologic study of 35 necropsy patients (group 1) and review of 78 previously described necropsy patients (group 11). Am J Med. 1977:63:86-108
61. Liberthson RR. Sudden death from cardiac causes in children and young adults. N Engl J Med. 1996;334:1039-1044
62. Oliva A, Pascali VL, Hong K, Brugada R. Molecular autopsy of sudden cardiac death (SCD): the challenge of forensic pathologist to the complexity of genomics. Am J Forensic Med Pathol. 2005;26:369-370
63. Oliva A, D'Aloja E, Pascali VL. Focussing on hard science in forensic medicine: genetics of sudden cardiac death (SCD). Forensic Sci Int. 2007 Oct 25;172(2-3):e2-3
64. Tester DJ, Spoon DB, Valdivia HH, et al. Targeted muta-tional analysis of the RyR2-encoded cardiac ryanodine receptor in sudden unexplained death: a molecular autopsy of 49 medical examiner/coroner's cases. Mayo Clin Proc. 2004;79: 1380-1384
65. Maron BJ, Shirani J, Poliac LC, et al. Sudden death in young competitive athletes: clinical, demographic, and pathological profles. JAMA. 1996;276:199-204
66. Puranik R, Chow CK, Dufou JA, et al. Sudden death in the young. Heart Rhythm. 2005;2:1277-1282
67. Corrado D, Basso C, Thiene G. Sudden cardiac death in young people with apparently normal heart. Cardiovasc Res. 2001;50:399-408
68. Eckart RE, Scoville SL, Campbell CL, et al. Sudden death in young adults: a 25-year review of autopsies in military recruits. Ann Intern Med. 2004;141:829-834
69. Gallagher PJ. The pathologic investigation of sudden death. Curr Diagn Pathol. 2007;13:366-374
70. Leach IH, Blundell JW, Rowley JM, Turner DR. Acute ischaemic lesions in death due to ischaemic heart disease: an autopsy study of 333 out of hospital deaths. Eur Heart J. 1995;16:1181-1185
71. Chugh SS, Kelley KL, Titus JL. Sudden cardiac death with apparently normal heart. Circulation. 2000;102:649-654
72. Di Gioia C, Autore C, Romeo D, et al. Sudden cardiac death in younger adults: autopsy diagnosis as a tool for preventive medicine. Hum Pathol. 2006;37:794-801
73. Wren C, O'Sullivan JJ, Wright C. Sudden death in children and adolescents. Heart. 2000;84:410-413
74. Maron BJ. Sudden death in young athletes. N Engl J Med. 2003;349:1064-1075
75. Fornes P, Lecompte D. Pathology of sudden death durino recreational sports activity: an autopsy study of 31 cases. Am J Foren Med Path. 2003;24:9-16
76. Henriques de Gouveia R, van der Wal AC, van der Loos CM, Becker AE. Sudden unexpected death in young adults. Discrepancies between initiation of acute plaque complications and the onset of acute coronary death. Eur Heart J. 2002;23:1433-1440
77. Doolan A, Langois N, Semsarian C. Causes of sudden death in young Australians. Med J Aust. 2004;18:110-112