Urban-rural differences in dental caries of 5-year old children in Scotland

Social Science and Medicine

Volumn 71, Issue 11, 2010, Pages 2020-2027

  Levin, Kate A ^a   Davies, Carolyn A ^b   Douglas, Gail V A ^c   Pitts, Nigel B ^d  

^a UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW   (United Kingdom)

^c UNIVERSITY OF LEEDS   (United Kingdom)

^d UNIVERSITY OF DUNDEE   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Children; Multilevel modelling; Oral health; Scotland; Socioeconomic inequalities; UK; Urban rural

Indexed keywords

BAYESIAN ANALYSIS; CHILD; DENTAL HEALTH; MODELING; RURAL-URBAN COMPARISON; SOCIOECONOMIC INDICATOR;

AGE DISTRIBUTION; ARTICLE; CHILD; CHILD HEALTH; CONTROLLED STUDY; DENTAL CARIES; DENTAL HEALTH; DENTAL SURGERY; FEMALE; GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION; HEALTH CARE ACCESS; HEALTH CARE DISPARITY; HUMAN; MALE; PRESCHOOL CHILD; RISK FACTOR; RURAL POPULATION; SEX DIFFERENCE; SOCIOECONOMICS; TOOTH EXTRACTION; UNITED KINGDOM; URBAN POPULATION; URBAN RURAL DIFFERENCE;

CHILD, PRESCHOOL; DENTAL CARIES; FEMALE; HEALTH STATUS DISPARITIES; HEALTH SURVEYS; HUMANS; MALE; ORAL HEALTH; RURAL HEALTH; SCOTLAND; SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS; URBAN HEALTH;

SCOTLAND; UNITED KINGDOM;

EID: 78349307654     PISSN: 02779536     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2010.09.006     Document Type: Article

References (55)

1. Amschler D.H. A hidden epidemic: dental disparities among children. Journal of School Health 2003, 73:38-40.
2. Antunes J.L.F., Peres M.A., Mello T.R.D., Waldman E.A. Multilevel assessment of determinants of dental caries experience in Brazil. Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology 2006, 34:146-152.
3. Bajomo A.S., Rudolph M.J., Ogunbodede E.O. Dental caries in six, 12 and 15 year old Venda children in South Africa. East African Medical Journal 2004, 81:236-243.
4. Bishop J., Clark D., Harris V., Stockton D., Sutton M. Deprivation and urban rural measurement in ISD 2004, Available at, ISD, Edinburgh, Accessed 31.07.09. http://www.isdscotland.org/isd/files/Measuring_deprivation_in_ISD_v3.pdf.
5. Bridgman C.M., Ashby D., Holloway P.J. An investigation of the effects on children of tooth extraction under general anaesthesia in general dental practice. British Dental Journal 1999, 186:245-247.
6. Campbell N.C., Elliott A.M., Sharp L., Ritchie L.D., Cassidy J., Little J. Rural and urban differences in stage at diagnosis of colorectal and lung cancers. British Journal of Cancer 2001, 84:910-914.
7. Congdon P. Bayesian models for categorical data 2005, John Wiley, Chichester.
8. Conway D.I., Quarrell I., McCall D.R., Gilmour H., Bedi R., Macpherson L.M.D. Dental caries in 5-year-old children attending multi-ethnic schools in Greater Glasgow-the impact of ethnic background and levels of deprivation. Community Dental Health 2007, 24(3):161-165.
9. Dammann K.W., Smith C. Factors affecting low-income women's food choices and the perceived impact of dietary intake and socioeconomic status on their health and weight. Journal of Nutrition Education and Behaviour 2009, 41:242-253.
10. Diehnelt D.E., Kiyak H.A. Socioeconomic factors that affect international caries levels. Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology 2001, 29:226-233.
11. Gugushe T.S., du Plessis J.B. Regional urban-rural distribution of dental caries experience in Swaziland. Journal of the South African Dental Association 1998, 53:409-412.
12. Kelly S.E., Binkley C.J., Neace W.P., Gale B.S. Barriers to care-seeking for children's oral health among low-income caregivers. American Journal of Public Health 2005, 95:1345-1351.
13. Levin K.A., Currie C. Inequalities in toothbrushing among adolescents in Scotland 1998-2006. Health Education Research 2009, 24:87-97.
14. Levin K.A., Currie C. Adolescent toothbrushing and the home environment: sociodemographic factors, family relationships and mealtime routines and disorganisation. Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology 2010, 38:10-18.
15. Levin K.A., Davies C.A., Topping G.V.A., Assaf A.V., Pitts N.B. Inequalities in dental caries of 5-year old children in Scotland, 1993-2003. European Journal of Public Health 2009, 19:337-342.
16. Levin K.A., Leyland A.H. Urban/rural inequalities in suicide in Scotland, 1981-1999. Social Science & Medicine 2005, 60:2877-2890.
17. Levin K.A., Leyland A.H. Urban-rural inequalities in ischaemic heart disease in Scotland, 1981-1999. American Journal of Public Health 2006, 96:145-151.
18. Lewsey J.D., Thomson W.M. The utility of the zero-inflated Poisson and zero-inflated negative binomial models: a case study of cross-sectional and longitudinal DMF data examining the effect of socio-economic status. Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology 2004, 32:183-189.
19. Leyland A.H. Increasing inequalities in premature mortality in Great Britain. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 2004, 58:296-302.
20. Ludwig D.S., Peterson K.E., Gortmaker S.L. Relation between consumption of sugar-sweetened drinks and childhood obesity: a prospective, observational analysis. The Lancet 2001, 357:505-508.
21. Lunn D.J., Thomas A., Best N., Spiegelhalter D. WinBUGS - A Bayesian modelling framework: concepts, structure, and extensibility. Statistics and Computing 2000, 10(4):325-337.
22. Macintyre S., Ellaway A. Neighbourhood and health: an overview. Neighborhoods and health 2003, 26. Oxford University Press, New York. I. Kawachi, L.F. Berkman (Eds.).
23. Maserejian N.N., Tavares M.A., Hayes C., Soncini J.A., Trachtenberg F.L. Rural and urban disparities in caries prevalence in children with unmet dental needs: The New England Children's Amalgam Trial. Journal of Public Health Dentistry 2008, 68:7-13.
24. Mello T.R.D., Antunes J.L.F., Waldman E.A. Prevalence of untreated caries in deciduous teeth in urban and rural areas in the state of Sao Paulo, Brazil. Pan American Journal of Public Health 2008, 23:78-84.
25. Merrett M.C.W., Goold S., Jones C.M., McCall D.R., Macpherson L.M.D., Nugent Z.J., et al. National Dental Inspection Programme of Scotland. Report of the 2008 survey of P1 children 2008, Scottish Dental Epidemiological Coordinating Committee: University of Dundee.
26. Milgrom P., Mancl L., King B., Weinstein P., Wells N., Jeffcott E. An explanatory model of the dental care utilization of low-income children. Medical Care 1998, 36:554-566.
27. Mofidi M., Rozier R.G., King R.S. Problems with access to dental care for Medicaid-insured children: what caregivers think. American Journal of Public Health 2002, 92:53-58.
28. National Dental Inspection Programme. (2003). National Dental Inspection Programme for Scotland Resource Manual/Protocol. NDIP Protocol and Implementation Groups: University of Dundee.
29. NHS Scotland Childsmile 2007, Accessed January 2010. http://www.child-smile.org/.
30. NHS Scotland Scottish dental practice board annual report 2009, 2008/2009, Accessed May 2010. http://www.shsc.scot.nhs.uk/upload/file/national_committee_services/sdpb/class_3/2009_10_01_ncs_sdpb_annual_report_200809_final.pdf.
31. Petersen P.E., Bourgeois D., Ogawa H., Estupinan-Day S., Ndiaye C. The global burden of oral diseases and risks to oral health. Bulletin of the World Health Organization 2005, 83:661-669.
32. Pickett K.E., Pearl M. Multilevel analyses of neighbourhood socioeconomic context and health outcomes: a critical review. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 2001, 55:111-122.
33. Pine C.M., Pitts N.B., Nugent Z.J. British Association for the Study of Community Dentistry (BASCD) guidance on sampling for surveys of child dental health. A BASCD coordinated dental epidemiology programme quality standard. Community Dental Health 1997, 14:10-17. Supplement.
34. Pitts N.B., Boyles J., Nugent Z.J., Thomas N., Pine C.M. The dental caries experience of 5-year-old children in Great Britain (2005/2006). Surveys co-ordinated by the British Association for the study of community dentistry. Community Dental Health 2007, 24:59-63.
35. Rasbash J., Steele F., Browne W., Prosser B. A user's guide to MLwiN 2004, Version 2.0, University of London, London.
36. Ridout, M., Demetrio, C.G.B., Hinde, J. (1998) Models for count data with many zeros. In: Proceedings of 19th International Biometrics Conference, Cape Town, pp. 179-190.
37. Rogers I.S., Emmett P.M., Baker D., Golding J., the ALSPAC Study Team Financial difficulties, smoking habits, composition of the diet and birthweight in a population of pregnant women in the South West of England. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 1998, 52:251-260.
38. Rose C.E., Martin S.W., Wannemuehler K.A., Plikaytis B.D. On the use of zero-inflated and Hurdle models for modelling vaccine adverse event count data. Journal of Biopharmaceutical Statistics 2006, 16:463-481.
39. Scottish Executive Social focus on urban rural Scotland 2003 2003, Scottish Executive, Edinburgh, Accessed 31.07.09. http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Resource/Doc/47095/0029282.pdf.
40. Scottish Executive Scottish index of multiple deprivation 2006: General report 2006, Scottish Executive, Edinburgh, Accessed 31.07.09. http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Resource/Doc/151578/0040731.pdf.
41. Scottish Executive Health Department Inequalities in health. Report of the measuring inequalities in health working group 2003, Scottish Executive, Edinburgh.
42. Scottish Needs Assessment Programme Needs assessment report on remote and rural dentistry 2007, NHS Health Scotland, Edinburgh.
43. Shaw D., Macpherson L.M.D., Conway D.I. Tackling socially determined dental inequalities: ethical aspects of Childsmile, the national child oral health demonstration programme in Scotland. Bioethics 2009, 23:131-139.
44. Sweeney P.C., Nugent Z., Pitts N.B. Deprivation and dental caries status of 5-year-old children in Scotland. Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology 1999, 27:152-159.
45. Tang J.M., Altman D.S., Robertson D.C., O'Sullivan D.M., Douglass J.M., Tinanoff N. Dental caries prevalence and treatment levels in Arizona preschool children. Public Health Reports 1997, 112:319-329.
46. Tickle M., Milsom K., Kennedy A. Is it better to leave or restore carious deciduous molar teeth? A preliminary study. Primary Dental Care 1999, 6:127-131.
47. Tickle M., Milsom K.M., Blinkhorn A.S. Inequalities in the dental treatment provided to children: an example from the UK. Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology 2002, 30:335-341.
48. Tickle M., Milsom K.M., King D., Kearney-Mitchell P., Binkhorn A.S. The fate of the carious primary teeth of children who regularly attend the general dental service. British Dental Journal 2002, 192:219-223.
49. Tickle M., Williams M.J., Jenner A.M., Blinkhorn A. The effects of dental attendance and socio-economic status on dental caries experience and treatment patterns in 5-year old children. British Dental Journal 1999, 186:135-137.
50. Tinanoff N., Palmer C.A. Dietary determinants of dental caries and dietary recommendations for preschool children. Journal of Public Health Dentistry 2000, 60:197-206.
51. Tunstall H.V.Z., Shaw M., Dorling D. Places and health. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 2004, 58:6-10.
52. Varenne B., Petersen P.E., Ouattara S. Oral health status of children and adults in urban and rural areas of Burkina Faso, Africa. International Dental Journal 2004, 54:83-89.
53. Vargas C.M., Monajemy N., Khurana P., Tinanoff N. Oral health status of children attending Head Start Maryland. Pediatric Dentistry 2002, 24:257-263.
54. Vargas C.M., Ronzio C.R., Hayes K.L. Oral health status of children and adolescents by rural residence, United States. Journal of Rural Health 2003, 19:260-268.
55. Weiss S.J., Ellis R., Ernst A.A., Land R.F., Garza A. A comparison of rural and urban ambulance crashes. The American Journal of Emergency Medicine 2001, 19:52-56.