Diagnosis, microbial epidemiology, and antibiotic treatment of acute otitis media in children: A systematic review

JAMA

Volumn 304, Issue 19, 2010, Pages 2161-2169

  Coker, Tumaini R ^a,b   Chan, Linda S ^c,d   Newberry, Sydne J ^b   Limbos, Mary Ann ^d   Suttorp, Marika J ^b   Shekelle, Paul G ^b,e   Takata, Glenn S ^d,f  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^b RAND CORPORATION   (United States)

^c LAC USC MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^d UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^e VETERANS AFFAIRS MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^f CHILDREN S HOSPITAL LOS ANGELES   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AMOXICILLIN; AMOXICILLIN PLUS CLAVULANIC ACID; AMPICILLIN; ANTIBIOTIC AGENT; AZITHROMYCIN; CEFACLOR; CEFDINIR; CEFIXIME; CEFTIBUTEN; CEFTRIAXONE; PLACEBO; PNEUMOCOCCUS VACCINE;

ACUTE OTITIS MEDIA; ADVERSE OUTCOME; ANTIBIOTIC THERAPY; ARTICLE; BACTERIAL INFECTION; CHILD; CHILDHOOD DISEASE; CLINICAL TRIAL; DIARRHEA; DRUG COST; DRUG EFFICACY; HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZAE; HUMAN; META ANALYSIS; OTITIS MEDIA; PREVALENCE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RASH; STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE; SYSTEMATIC REVIEW; TREATMENT DURATION; TREATMENT OUTCOME; UNSPECIFIED SIDE EFFECT;

EID: 78349293398     PISSN: 00987484     EISSN: 15383598     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1001/jama.2010.1651     Document Type: Article

References (71)

1. Daly KA, Brown JE, Lindgren BR, Meland MH, Le CT, Giebink GS. Epidemiology of otitis media onset by six months of age. Pediatrics. 1999;103(6, pt 1):1158-1166.
2. McCaig LF, Besser RE, Hughes JM. Trends in antimicrobial prescribing rates for children and adolescents. JAMA. 2002;287(23):3096-3102.
3. Teele DW, Klein JO, Rosner B. Epidemiology of otitis media during the first seven years of life in children in greater Boston: a prospective, cohort study. J Infect Dis. 1989;160(1):83-94.
4. Soni A. Ear infections (otitis media) in children (0-17): use and expenditures, 2006. Statistical Brief No. 228. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality Web site. http://www.meps.ahrq.gov/mepsweb/data-files/publications/ st228/stat228.pdf. December 2008. Accessed September 20, 2010.
5. Simel DL, Rothman R, Keitz S. Update: otitis media, child. In: Simel DL, Rennie D, eds. The Rational Clinical Examination: Evidence-Based Clinical Diagnosis. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2009. http//www.jamaevidence.com/content/ 3484986. Accessed September 2, 2010.
6. Spurling GK, Del Mar CB, Dooley L, Foxlee R. Delayed antibiotics for respiratory infections. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2007;(3):CD004417.
7. Kozyrskyj AL, Hildes-Ripstein GE, Longstaffe SE, et al. Short course antibiotics for acute otitis media. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2000;(2):CD001095.
8. Kozyrskyj AL, Hildes-Ripstein GE, Longstaffe SE, et al. Treatment of acute otitis media with a shortened course of antibiotics: a meta-analysis. JAMA. 1998;279(21):1736-1742.
9. Rosenfeld RM, Vertrees JE, Carr J, et al. Clinical efficacy of antimicrobial drugs for acute otitis media: metaanalysis of 5400 children from thirty-three randomized trials. J Pediatr. 1994;124(3):355-367.
10. Glasziou PP, Del Mar CB, Sanders SL, Hayem M. Antibiotics for acute otitis media in children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2004;(1):CD000219.
11. Takata GS, Chan LS, Shekelle PG, Morton SC, Mason W, Marcy SM. Evidence assessment of management of acute otitis media, I: the role of antibiotics in treatment of uncomplicated acute otitis media. Pediatrics. 2001;108(2):239-247.
12. American Academy of Pediatrics Subcommittee on Management of Acute Otitis Media. Diagnosis and management of acute otitis media. Pediatrics. 2004;113(5):1451-1465.
13. Coco A, Vernacchio L, Horst M, Anderson A. Management of acute otitis media after publication of the 2004 AAP and AAFP clinical practice guideline. Pediatrics. 2010;125(2):214-220.
14. Southern California Evidence-based Practice Center. Management of Acute Otitis Media, Update. Rockville, MD: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality; 2010.
15. Jadad AR, Moore RA, Carroll D, et al. Assessing the quality of reports of randomized clinical trials: is blinding necessary? Control Clin Trials. 1996;17(1):1-12.
16. Shea BJ, Grimshaw JM, Wells GA, et al. Development of AMSTAR: a measurement tool to assess the methodological quality of systematic reviews. BMC Med Res Methodol. 2007;7:10.
17. Whiting P, Rutjes AW, Reitsma JB, Bossuyt PM, Kleijnen J. The development of QUADAS: a tool for the quality assessment of studies of diagnostic accuracy included in systematic reviews. BMC Med Res Methodol. 2003;3:25.
18. DerSimonian R, Laird N. Meta-analysis in clinical trials. Control Clin Trials. 1986;7(3):177-188.
19. Higgins JP, Thompson SG, Deeks JJ, Altman DG. Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses. BMJ. 2003;327(7414):557-560.
20. Laird NM, Mosteller F. Some statistical methods for combining experimental results. Int J Technol Assess Health Care. 1990;6(1):5-30.
21. Stata. Version 10 [computer program]. College Station, TX: StataCorp; 2007.
22. Saeed K, Coglianese CL, McCormick DP, Chonmaitree T. Otoscopic and tympanometric findings in acute otitis media yielding dry tap at tympanocentesis. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2004;23(11):1030-1034.
23. Legros JM, Hitoto H, Garnier F, Dagorne C, Dubin J, Fanello S. Reliability of the diagnosis of acute otitis media by general practitioners [in French]. Arch Pediatr. 2007;14(5):427-433.
24. Laine MK, Tähtinen PA, Ruuskanen O, Huovinen P, Ruohola A. Symptoms or symptom-based scores cannot predict acute otitis media at otitis-prone age. Pediatrics. 2010;125(5):e1154-e1161.
25. Kontiokari T, Koivunen P, Niemelä M, Pokka T, Uhari M. Symptoms of acute otitis media. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 1998;17(8):676-679.
26. Niemela M, Uhari M, Jounio-Ervasti K, Luotonen J, Alho OP, Vierimaa E. Lack of specific symptomatology in children with acute otitis media. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 1994;13(9):765-768. (Pubitemid 24286809)
27. Heikkinen T, Ruuskanen O. Signs and symptoms predicting acute otitis media. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 1995;149(1):26-29.
28. Ingvarsson L. Acute otalgia in children - findings and diagnosis. Acta Paediatr Scand. 1982;71(5):705-710.
29. Karma PH, Penttilä MA, Sipilä MM, Kataja MJ. Otoscopic diagnosis of middle ear effusion in acute and non-acute otitis media, I: the value of different otoscopic findings. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 1989;17(1):37-49.
30. Casey JR, Pichichero ME. Changes in frequency and pathogens causing acute otitis media in 1995-2003. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2004;23(9):824-828.
31. Block SL, Hedrick J, Harrison CJ, et al. Community-wide vaccination with the heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate significantly alters the microbiology of acute otitis media. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2004;23(9):829-833.
32. McEllistrem MC, Adams JM, Patel K, et al. Acute otitis media due to penicillin-nonsusceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae before and after the introduction of the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine. Clin Infect Dis. 2005;40(12):1738-1744.
33. Brook I, Gober AE. Bacteriology of spontaneously draining acute otitis media in children before and after the introduction of pneumococcal vaccination. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2009;28(7):640-642.
34. Eskola J, Kilpi T, Palmu A, et al; Finnish Otitis Media Study Group. Efficacy of a pneumococcal conjugate vaccine against acute otitis media. N Engl J Med. 2001;344(6):403-409.
35. Veenhoven R, Bogaert D, Uiterwaal C, et al. Effect of conjugate pneumococcal vaccine followed by polysaccharide pneumococcal vaccine on recurrent acute otitis media: a randomised study. Lancet. 2003;361(9376):2189- 2195.
36. Marcy M, Takata G, Chan LS, et al. Management of Acute Otitis Media: Evidence Report/Technology Assessment No. 15. Rockville, MD: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality; 2001. Publication 01-E010.
37. van Buchem FL, Dunk JH, van't Hof MA. Therapy of acute otitis media: myringotomy, antibiotics, or neither? a double-blind study in children. Lancet. 1981;2(8252):883-887.
38. Halsted C, Lepow ML, Balassanian N, Emmerich J, Wolinsky E. Otitis media: microbiology and evaluation of therapy. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1967;145(2):372-378.
39. Laxdal OE, Merida J, Jones RH. Treatment of acute otitis media: a controlled study of 142 children. Can Med Assoc J. 1970;102(3):263-268.
40. Howie VM, Ploussard JH. Efficacy of fixed combination antibiotics versus separate components in otitis media: effectiveness of erythromycin estrolate, triple sulfonamide, ampicillin, erythromycin estolate-triple sulfonamide, and placebo in 280 patients with acute otitis media under two and one-half years of age. Clin Pediatr (Phila). 1972;11(4):205-214.
41. Burke P, Bain J, Robinson D, Dunleavey J. Acute red ear in children: controlled trial of non-antibiotic treatment in general practice. BMJ. 1991;303(6802):558-562.
42. Kaleida PH, Casselbrant ML, Rockette HE, et al. Amoxicillin or myringotomy or both for acute otitis media: results of a randomized clinical trial. Pediatrics. 1991;87(4):466-474.
43. Damoiseaux RA, van Balen FA, Hoes AW, Verheij TJ, de Melker RA. Primary care based randomised, double blind trial of amoxicillin versus placebo for acute otitis media in children aged under 2 years. BMJ. 2000;320(7231):350-354.
44. Le Saux N, Gaboury I, Baird M, et al. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled noninferiority trial of amoxicillin for clinically diagnosed acute otitis media in children 6 months to 5 years of age. CMAJ. 2005;172(3):335-341.
45. Little P, Moore M, Warner G, Dunleavy J, Williamson I. Longer term outcomes from a randomised trial of prescribing strategies in otitis media. Br J Gen Pract. 2006;56(524):176-182.
46. Little P, Gould C, Williamson I, Moore M, Warner G, Dunleavey J. Pragmatic randomised controlled trial of two prescribing strategies for childhood acute otitis media. BMJ. 2001;322(7282):336-342.
47. Spiro DM, Tay KY, Arnold DH, Dziura JD, Baker MD, Shapiro ED. Wait-and-see prescription for the treatment of acute otitis media: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2006;296(10):1235-1241.
48. Neumark T, Mölstad S, Rosén C, et al. Evaluation of phenoxymethylpenicillin treatment of acute otitis media in children aged 2-16. Scand J Prim Health Care. 2007;25(3):166-171.
49. McCormick DP, Chonmaitree T, Pittman C, et al. Nonsevere acute otitis media: a clinical trial comparing outcomes of watchful waiting versus immediate antibiotic treatment. Pediatrics. 2005;115(6):1455-1465.
50. Bartlett JG. Clinical practice: antibiotic-associated diarrhea. N Engl J Med. 2002;346(5):334-339.
51. Adcock BB, Rodman DP. Ampicillin-specific rashes. Arch Fam Med. 1996;5(5):301-304.
52. Geyman JP, Erickson S. The ampicillin rash as a diagnostic and management problem: case reports and literature review. J Fam Pract. 1978;7(3):493-496.
53. deShazo RD, Kemp SF. Allergic reactions to drugs and biologic agents. JAMA. 1997;278(22):1895-1906.
54. Berman S, Lauer BA. A controlled trial of cefaclor versus amoxicillin for treatment of acute otitis media in early infancy. Pediatr Infect Dis. 1983;2(1):30-33.
55. Casellas JMJ Jr, Israele V, Marín M, et al. Amoxicillin-sulbactam versus amoxicillin-clavulanic acid for the treatment of non-recurrent-acute otitis media in Argentinean children. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2005;69(9):1225-1233.
56. McLinn SE. Cefaclor in treatment of otitis media and pharyngitis in children. Am J Dis Child. 1980;134(6):560-563.
57. Leigh AP, Robinson D, Millar ED. A general practice comparative study of a new third-generation oral cephalosporin, cefixime, with amoxycillin in the treatment of acute paediatric otitis media. Br J Clin Pract. 1989;43(4):140-143.
58. Owen MJ, Anwar R, Nguyen HK, Swank PR, Bannister ER, Howie VM. Efficacy of cefixime in the treatment of acute otitis media in children. Am J Dis Child. 1993;147(1):81-86.
59. Kara CO, Ozuer MZ, Kilic I, Yalcin AN, Ergin H. Comparison of amoxicillin with second and third generation cephalosporins in the treatment of acute otitis media. Infez Med. 1998;6(2):93-95.
60. Jacobson JA, Metcalf TJ, Parkin JL, Wenerstrom LG, Matsen JM. Evaluation of cefaclor and amoxycillin in the treatment of acute otitis media. Postgrad Med J. 1979;55(suppl 4):39-41.
61. Subba Rao SD, Macias MP, Dillman CA, Ramos BD, Kierszenbaum JS, Soliman AE; Augmentin 415 Study Group. A randomized, observer-blind trial of amoxicillin/clavulanate versus cefaclor in the treament of children with acute otitis media. J Chemother. 1998;10(6):460-468.
62. Dagan R, Johnson CE, McLinn S, et al. Bacteriologic and clinical efficacy of amoxicillin/clavulanate vs. azithromycin in acute otitis media. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2000;19(2):95-104.
63. Cohen R, Levy C, Boucherat M, Langue J, de La Rocque F. A multicenter, randomized, double-blind trial of 5 versus 10 days of antibiotic therapy for acute otitis media in young children. J Pediatr. 1998;133(5):634-639.
64. Hoberman A, Paradise JL, Burch DJ, et al. Equivalent efficacy and reduced occurrence of diarrhea from a new formulation of amoxicillin/clavulanate potassium (Augmentin) for treatment of acute otitis media in children. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 1997;16(5):463-470.
65. Simon MW. Five- vs 10-day treatment of acute otitis media with ceftibuten in infants and children. Adv Ther. 1997;14(6):312-317.
66. Casey JR, Adlowitz DG, Pichichero ME. New patterns in the otopathogens causing acute otitis media six to eight years after introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2010;29(4):304-309.
67. Rosenfeld RM, Kay D. Natural history of untreated otitis media. Laryngoscope. 2003;113(10):1645-1657.
68. Berlin JA; University of Pennsylvania Meta-analysis Blinding Study Group. Does blinding of readers affect the results of meta-analyses? Lancet. 1997;350(9072):185-186.
69. Pichichero ME, Casey JR. Diagnostic inaccuracy and subject exclusions render placebo and observational studies of acute otitis media inconclusive. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2008;27(11):958-962.
70. Chan LS, Takata GS, Shekelle P, Morton SC, Mason W, Marcy SM. Evidence assessment of management of acute otitis media, II: research gaps and priorities for future research. Pediatrics. 2001;108(2):248-254.
71. Cohen J. Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences. Rev ed. New York, NY: Academic Press Inc; 1977:179-213.