Changing concepts of "latent tuberculosis infection" in patients living with HIV infection

Clinical and Developmental Immunology

Volumn 2011, Issue , 2011, Pages

  Lawn, Stephen D ^a,b   Wood, Robin ^a   Wilkinson, Robert J ^a,c,d  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CAPE TOWN   (South Africa)

^b LONDON SCHOOL OF HYGIENE AND TROPICAL MEDICINE   (United Kingdom)

^c NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR MEDICAL RESEARCH   (United Kingdom)

^d IMPERIAL COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

DISEASE COURSE; HOST PATHOGEN INTERACTION; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION; INFECTION CONTROL; INNATE IMMUNITY; MICROBIAL ACTIVITY; MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; TUBERCULIN TEST; TUBERCULOSIS;

AIDS-RELATED OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS; EPIDEMICS; HIV INFECTIONS; HIV-1; HOST-PATHOGEN INTERACTIONS; HUMANS; LATENT TUBERCULOSIS; MODELS, BIOLOGICAL; MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS; TUBERCULOSIS;

EID: 78349263110     PISSN: 17402522     EISSN: 17402530     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1155/2011/980594     Document Type: Review

References (82)

1. Dye C., Williams B. G., The population dynamics and control of tuberculosis Science 2010 328 5980 856 861
2. World Health Organization, Global Tuberculosis Control. A Short Update to the 2009 Report 2009 Geneva, Switzerland WHO. http://www.who.int/tb/ publications/globalreport/2009/update/tbu9.pdf
3. Dye C., Scheele S., Dolin P., Pathania V., Raviglione M. C., Consensus statement. Global burden of tuberculosis: estimated incidence, prevalence, and mortality by country. WHO Global Surveillance and Monitoring Project Journal Of the American Medical Association 1999 282 7 677 1021
4. United Nations, The Millenium Development Goals Report 2008 2008 New York, NY, USA United Nations. http://www.un.org/millenniumgoals
5. Corbett E. L., Watt C. J., Walker N., Maher D., Williams B. G., Raviglione M. C., Dye C., The growing burden of tuberculosis: global trends and interactions with the HIV epidemic Archives of Internal Medicine 2003 163 9 1009 1021
6. Wei X., Ghosh S. K., Taylor M. E., Johnson V. A., Emini E. A., Deutsch P., Lifson J. D., Bonhoeffer S., Nowak M. A., Hahn B. H., Saag M. S., Shaw G. M., Viral dynamics in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection Nature 1995 373 6510 117 122
7. Ho D. D., Neumann A. U., Perelson A. S., Chen W., Leonard J. M., Markowitz M., Rapid turnover of plasma virions and CD4 lymphocytes in HIV-1 infection Nature 1995 373 6510 123 126
8. Pai M., Zwerling A., Menzies D., Systematic review: T-cell-based assays for the diagnosis of latent tuberculosis infection: an update Annals of Internal Medicine 2008 149 3 177 184
9. Young D. B., Gideon H. P., Wilkinson R. J., Eliminating latent tuberculosis Trends in Microbiology 2009 17 5 183 188
10. Barry C. E. Jr., Boshoff H. I., Dartois V., Dick T., Ehrt S., Flynn J. A., Schnappinger D., Wilkinson R. J., Young D., The spectrum of latent tuberculosis: rethinking the biology and intervention strategies Nature Reviews Microbiology 2009 7 12 845 855
11. Wallgren A., The time-table of tuberculosis Tubercle 1948 29 11 245 251
12. Wilkinson K. A., Wilkinson H. J., Pathan A., Ewer K., Prakash M., Klenerman P., Maskell N., Davies R., Pasvol G., Lalvani A., Ex vivo characterization of early secretory antigenic target 6-specific T cells at sites of active disease in pleural tuberculosis Clinical Infectious Diseases 2005 40 1 184 187
13. Sarrazin H., Wilkinson K. A., Andersson J., Rangaka M. X., Radler L., Van Veen K., Lange C., Wilkinson R. J., Association between tuberculin skin test reactivity, the memory CD4 cell subset, and circulating FoxP3-expressing cells in HIV-infected persons Journal of Infectious Diseases 2009 199 5 702 710
14. Smieja M. J., Marchetti C. A., Cook D. J., Smaill F. M., Isoniazid for preventing tuberculosis in non-HIV infected persons Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2000 2
15. Houk V. N., Kent D. C., Sorensen K., Baker J. H., The eradication of tuberculosis infection by isoniazid chemoprophylaxis Archives of Environmental Health 1968 16 1 46 50
16. World Health Organization, Treatment of Tuberculosis: Guidelines 2010 4th Geneva, Switzerland WHO. WHO/HTM/TB/2009.420
17. Wood R., Middelkoop K., Myer L., Grant A. D., Whitelaw A., Lawn S. D., Kaplan G., Huebner R., McIntyre J., Bekker L.-G., Undiagnosed tuberculosis in a community with high HIV prevalence: implications for tuberculosis control American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 2007 175 1 87 93
18. Corbett E. L., Zezai A., Cheung Y. B., Provider-initiated symptom screening for tuberculosis in Zimbabwe: diagnostic value and the effect of HIV status Bulletin of the World Health Organization 2010 88 1 13 21
19. Hoa N. B., Sy D. N., Nhung N. V., Tiemersma E. W., Borgdorff M. W., Cobelens F. G., National survey of tuberculosis prevalence in Viet Nam Bulletin of the World Health Organization 2010 88 4 273 280
20. Corbett E. L., Bandason T., Cheung Y. B., Munyati S., Godfrey-Faussett P., Hayes R., Churchyard G., Butterworth A., Mason P., Epidemiology of tuberculosis in a high HIV prevalence population provided with enhanced diagnosis of symptomatic disease PLos Medicine 2007 4 1, article e22
21. Samanich K., Belisle J. T., Laal S., Homogeneity of antibody responses in tuberculosis patients Infection and Immunity 2001 69 7 4600 4609
22. Gennaro M. L., Affouf M., Kanaujia G. V., Brusasca P. N., Mangura B., Reichman L., Antibody markers of incident tuberculosis among HIV-infected adults in the USA: a historical prospective study International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease 2007 11 6 624 631
23. Wanchu A., Dong Y., Sethi S., Myneedu V. P., Nadas A., Liu Z., Belisle J., Laal S., Biomarkers for clinical and incipient tuberculosis: performance in a TB-endemic country PLos One 2008 3 4
24. Lin P. L., Rodgers M., Smith L., Bigbee M., Myers A., Bigbee C., Chiosea I., Capuano S. V., Fuhrman C., Klein E., Flynn J. L., Quantitative comparison of active and latent tuberculosis in the cynomolgus macaque model Infection and Immunity 2009 77 10 4631 4642
25. Lawn S. D., Butera S. T., Shinnick T. M., Tuberculosis unleashed: the impact of human immunodeficiency virus infection on the host granulomatous response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis Microbes and Infection 2002 4 6 635 646
26. Selwyn P. A., Hartel D., Lewis V. A., Schoenbaum E. E., Vermund S. H., Klein R. S., Walker A. T., Friedland G. H., A prospective study of the risk of tuberculosis among intravenous drug users with human immunodeficiency virus infection The New England Journal of Medicine 1989 320 9 545 550
27. Sonnenberg P., Murray J., Glynn J. R., Shearer S., Kambashi B., Godfrey-Faussett P., HIV-1 and recurrence, relapse, and reinfection of tuberculosis after cure: a cohort study in South African mineworkers The Lancet 2001 358 9294 1687 1693
28. Sonnenberg P., Glynn J. R., Fielding K., Murray J., Godfrey-Fausselt P., Shearer S., How soon after infection with HIV does the risk of tuberculosis start to increase? A retrospective cohort study in South African gold miners Journal of Infectious Diseases 2005 191 2 150 158
29. Glynn J. R., Murray J., Bester A., Nelson G., Shearer S., Sonnenberg P., Effects of duration of HIV infection and secondary tuberculosis transmission on tuberculosis incidence in the South African gold mines AIDS 2008 22 14 1859 1867
30. Diedrich C. R., Mattila J. T., Klein E., Reactivation of latent tuberculosis in cynomolgus macaques infected with SIV is associated with early peripheral T cell depletion and not virus load PLos One 2010 5 3, article e9611
31. Lawn S. D., Wilkinson R. J., Primate model to study reactivation of TB associated with retroviral infection Future Virology 2010 5 4 391 395
32. Badri M., Wilson D., Wood R., Effect of highly active antiretroviral therapy on incidence of tuberculosis in South Africa: a cohort study The Lancet 2002 359 9323 2059 2064
33. Holmes C. B., Wood R., Badri M., Zilber S., Wang B., Maartens G., Zheng H., Lu Z., Freedberg K. A., Losina E., CD4 decline and incidence of opportunistic infections in Cape Town, South Africa: implications for prophylaxis and treatment Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 2006 42 4 464 469
34. Yazdanpanaha Y., Chnec G., Losina E., Goldie S. J., Merchadou L. D., Alfandari S., Seage G. R. III, Sullivan L., Marimoutou C., David Paltiel A., Salamon R., Mouton Y., Freedberg K. A., Incidence of primary opportunistic infections in two human immunodeficiency virus-infected French clinical cohorts International Journal of Epidemiology 2001 30 4 864 871
35. Antonucci G., Girardi E., Raviglione M. C., Ippolito G., A prospective cohort study. The Gruppo Italiano di Studio Tubercolosi e AIDS (GISTA) Journal Of the American Medical Association 1995 274 2 143 148
36. Wood R., Liang H., Wu H., Changing prevalence of tuberculosis infection with increasing age in high-burden townships in South Africa International Journal of Tuberculosis Lung Disease 2010 14 4 406 412
37. Elliott A. M., Halwiindi B., Hayes R. J., Luo N., Tembo G., Machiels L., Bem C., Steenbergen G., Pobee J. O. M., Nunn P. P., McAdam K. P. W. J., The impact of human immunodeficiency virus on presentation and diagnosis of tuberculosis in a cohort study in Zambia Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 1993 96 1 1 11
38. Gilks C. F., Brindle R. J., Otieno L. S., Bhatt S. M., Newnham R. S., Simani P. M., Lule G. N., Okelo G. B. A., Watkins W. M., Waiyaki P. G., Were J. O. B., Warrell D. A., Extrapulmonary and disseminated tuberculosis in HIV-1-seropositive patients presenting to the acute medical services in Nairobi AIDS 1990 4 10 981 985
39. Lawn S. D., Evans A. J., Sedgwick P. M., Acheampong J. W., Pulmonary tuberculosis: radiological features in West Africans coinfected with HIV British Journal of Radiology 1999 72 339 344
40. Post F. A., Wood R., Pillay G. P., Pulmonary tuberculosis in HIV infection: radiographic appearance is related to CD4+ T-lymphocyte count Tubercle and Lung Disease 1995 76 6 518 521
41. Getahun H., Harrington M., O'Brien R., Nunn P., Diagnosis of smear-negative pulmonary tuberculosis in people with HIV infection or AIDS in resource-constrained settings: informing urgent policy changes The Lancet 2007 369 9578 2042 2049
42. Lawn S. D., Edwards D. J., Kranzer K., Vogt M., Bekker L.-G., Wood R., Urine lipoarabinomannan assay for tuberculosis screening before antiretroviral therapy diagnostic yield and association with immune reconstitution disease AIDS 2009 23 14 1875 1880
43. Shah M., Variava E., Holmes C. B., Coppin A., Golub J. E., McCallum J., Wong M., Luke B., Martin D. J., Chaisson R. E., Dorman S. E., Martinson N. A., Diagnostic accuracy of a urine lipoarabinomannan test for tuberculosis in hospitalized patients in a high HIV prevalence setting Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 2009 52 2 145 151
44. Von Gottberg A., Sacks L., Machala S., Blumberg L., Utility of blood cultures and incidence of mycobacteremia in patients with suspected tuberculosis in a South African infectious disease referral hospital International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease 2001 5 1 80 86
45. Lucas S. B., Hounnou A., Peacock C., Beaumel A., Djomand G., N'Gbichi J.-M., Yeboue K., Honde M., Diomande M., Giordano C., Doorly R., Brattegaard K., Kestens L., Smithwick R., Kadio A., Ezani N., Yapi A., De Cock K. M., The mortality and pathology of HIV infection in a West African city AIDS 1993 7 12 1569 1579
46. Lucas S. B., De Cock K. M., Hounnou A., Peacock C., Diomande M., Hond M., Beaumel A., Kestens L., Kadio A., Contribution of tuberculosis to slim disease in Africa British Medical Journal 1994 308 6943 1531 1533
47. Rana F. S., Hawken M. P., Mwachari C., Bhatt S. M., Abdullah F., Ng'ang'a L. W., Power C., Githui W. A., Porter J. D. H., Lucas S. B., Autopsy study of HIV-1-positive and HIV-1-negative adult medical patients in Nairobi, Kenya Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 2000 24 1 23 29
48. Ansari N. A., Kombe A. H., Kenyon T. A., Hone N. M., Tappero J. W., Nyirenda S. T., Binkin N. J., Lucas S. B., Pathology and causes of death in a group of 128 predominantly HIV-positive patients in Botswana, 1997-1998 International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease 2002 6 1 55 63
49. Breen R. A. M., Smith C. J., Cropley I., Johnson M. A., Lipman M. C. I., Does immune reconstitution syndrome promote active tuberculosis in patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy? AIDS 2005 19 11 1201 1206
50. Lawn S. D., Bekker L.-G., Miller R. F., Immune reconstitution disease associated with mycobacterial infections in HIV-infected individuals receiving antiretrovirals The Lancet Infectious Diseases 2005 5 6 361 373
51. Meintjes G., Lawn S. D., Scano F., Maartens G., French M. A., Worodria W., Elliott J. H., Murdoch D., Wilkinson R. J., Seyler C., John L., van der Loeff M. S., Reiss P., Lynen L., Janoff E. N., Gilks C., Colebunders R., Tuberculosis-associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome: case definitions for use in resource-limited settings The Lancet Infectious Diseases 2008 8 8 516 523
52. Lawn S. D., Wilkinson R. J., Lipman M. C., Wood R., Immune reconstitution disease associated with mycobacterial infections in HIV-infected individuals receiving antiretrovirals American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 2008 117 7 680 685
53. Lawn S. D., Myer L., Edwards D., Bekker L.-G., Wood R., Short-term and long-term risk of tuberculosis associated with CD4 cell recovery during antiretroviral therapy in South Africa AIDS 2009 23 13 1717 1725
54. Lawn S. D., Kranzer K., Edwards D. J., McNally M., Bekker L. G., Wood R., Tuberculosis during the first year of antiretroviral therapy in a South African cohort using an intensive pretreatment screening strategy AIDS 2010 24 9 1323 1328
55. Getahun H., Meta-analysis to inform the development of a standardised approach for TB screening in HIV-infected patients Proceedings of the 40th Union World Conference on Lung Health December 2009 Cancun, Mexico
56. Kranzer K., Houben R. M., Glynn J. R., Bekker L. G., Wood R., Lawn R., Yield of HIV-associated tuberculosis during intensified case finding in resource-limited settings: a systematic review and meta-analysis The Lancet Infectious Diseases 2010 10 2 93 102
57. Mtei L., Matee M., Herfort O., Bakari M., Horsburgh C. R., Waddell R., Cole B. F., Vuola J. M., Tvaroha S., Kreiswirth B., Pallangyo K., Fordham Von Reyn C., High rates of clinical and subclinical tuberculosis among HIV-infected ambulatory subjects in Tanzania Clinical Infectious Diseases 2005 40 10 1500 1507
58. Bock N. N., Jensen P. A., Miller B., Nardell E., Tuberculosis infection control in resource-limited settings in the era of expanding HIV care and treatment Journal of Infectious Diseases 2007 196 supplement 1 S108 S113
59. Bassett I., Chetty S., Wang B., Intensive TB screening for HIV-infected patients ready to start ART in Durban, South Africa: limitations of WHO guidelines Proceedings of the 16th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections February 2009 Montreal, Canada. Abstract no. 779
60. Perkins M. D., Cunningham J., Facing the crisis: improving the diagnosis of tuberculosis in the HIV era Journal of Infectious Diseases 2007 196 1 S15 S27
61. Helb D., Jones M., Story E., Rapid detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and rifampin resistance by use of on-demand, near-patient technology Journal of Clinical Microbiology 2010 48 1 229 237
62. Boehme C. C., Nabeta P., Hillemenn D., Rapid molecular detection of tuberculosis and rifapicin resistance The New England Journal of Medicine 2010 363 11 1005 1015
63. Wallis R. S., Pai M., Menzies D., Biomarkers and diagnostics for tuberculosis: progress, needs, and translation into practice The Lancet 2010 375 9729 1920 1937
64. Doherty T. M., Wallis R. S., Zumla A., Biomarkers of disease activity, cure, and relapse in tuberculosis Clinics in Chest Medicine 2009 30 4 783 796
65. Berry M. P., Graham C. M., McNab F. W., An interferon-inducible neutrophil-driven blood transcriptional signature in human tuberculosis Nature 2010 466 7309 973 977
66. World Health Organization, Improving the Diagnosis and Treatment of Smear-Negative Pulmonary and Extra-Pulmonary Tuberculosis Among Adults and Adolescents. Recommendations for HIV-Prevalent and Resource-Constrained Settings 2007 Geneva, Switzerland WHO. WHO/HTM/2007.379 WHO/HIV/2007.1, http://whqlibdoc.who.int/hq/2007/WHOHTMTB2007.379eng.pdf
67. World Health Organization, Global Tuberculosis Programme and UNAIDS. Policy Statement on Preventive Therapy Against Tuberculosis in People Living with HIV 1998 Geneva, Switzerland WHO. WHO/TB/98.255 UNAIDS/98.34, http://whqlibdoc.who.int/hq/1998/WHOTB98.255.pdf
68. World Health Organization, Global Tuberculosis Control 2009. Epidemiology, Strategy, Financing 2009 Geneva, Switzerland World Health Organization. WHO/HTM/TB/2009.411
69. Reid M. J., Shah N. S., Approaches to tuberculosis screening and diagnosis in people with HIV in resource-limited settings The Lancet Infectious Diseases 2009 9 3 173 184
70. Lawn S. D., Wood R., De Cock K. M., Kranzer K., Lewis J. J., Churchyard G. J., Antiretrovirals and isoniazid preventive therapy in the prevention of HIV-associated tuberculosis in settings with limited health-care resources The Lancet Infectious Diseases 2010 10 7 489 798
71. Balcells M. E., Thomas S. L., Godfrey-Faussett P., Grant A. D., Isoniazid preventive therapy and risk for resistant tuberculosis Emerging Infectious Diseases 2006 12 5 744 751
72. Lawn S. D., Kranzer K., Wood R., Antiretroviral therapy for control of the HIV-associated tuberculosis epidemic in resource-limited settings Clinics in Chest Medicine 2009 30 4 685 699
73. Autran B., Carcelain G., Li T. S., Blanc C., Mathez D., Tubiana R., Katlama C., Debr P., Leibowitch J., Positive effects of combined antiretroviral therapy on CD4+ T cell homeostasis and function in advanced HIV disease Science 1997 277 5322 112 116
74. Li T. S., Tubiana R., Katlama C., Calvez V., Mohand H. A., Autran B., Long-lasting recovery in CD4 T-cell function and viral-load reduction after highly active antiretroviral therapy in advanced HIV-1 disease The Lancet 1998 351 9117 1682 1686
75. Wendland T., Furrer H., Vernazza P. L., Frutig K., Christen A., Matter L., Malinverni R., Pichler W. J., HAART in HIV-infected patients: restoration of antigen-specific CD4 T-cell responses in vitro is correlated with CD4 memory T-cell reconstitution, whereas improvement in delayed type hypersensitivity is related to a decrease in viraemia AIDS 1999 13 14 1857 1862
76. Schluger N. W., Perez D., Liu Y. M., Reconstitution of immune responses to tuberculosis in patients with HIV infection who receive antiretroviral therapy Chest 2002 122 2 597 602
77. Hsieh S.-M., Hung C.-C., Pan S.-C., Wang J.-T., Tsai H.-C., Chen M.-Y., Chang S.-C., Restoration of cellular immunity against tuberculosis in patients coinfected with HIV-1 and tuberculosis with effective antiretroviral therapy: assessment by determination of CD69 expression on T cells after tuberculin stimulation Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 2000 25 3 212 220
78. Lawn S. D., Badri M., Wood R., Tuberculosis among HIV-infected patients receiving HAART: long term incidence and risk factors in a South African cohort AIDS 2005 19 18 2109 2116
79. Lawn S. D., Myer L., Bekker L.-G., Wood R., Burden of tuberculosis in an antiretroviral treatment programme in sub-Saharan Africa: impact on treatment outcomes and implications for tuberculosis control AIDS 2006 20 12 1605 1612
80. Nahid P., Gonzalez L. C., Rudoy I., De Jong B. C., Unger A., Kawamura L. M., Osmond D. H., Hopewell P. C., Daley C. L., Treatment outcomes of patients with HIV and tuberculosis American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 2007 175 11 1199 1206
81. Golub J. E., Saraceni V., Cavalcante S. C., Pacheco A. G., Moulton L. H., King B. S., Efron A., Moore R. D., Chaisson R. E., Durovni B., The impact of antiretroviral therapy and isoniazid preventive therapy on tuberculosis incidence in HIV-infected patients in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil AIDS 2007 21 11 1441 1448
82. Samandari T., Preliminary results of the Botswana isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT) clinical trial Proceedings of the 40th Union World Conference on Lung Health December 2009 Cancun, Mexico