메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 49, Issue 12, 2010, Pages 904-911

The effects of blurred vision on auditory-visual speech perception in younger and older adults

Author keywords

Aging; Audiovisual speech perception; Reduced optical cues; Visual acuity

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AGE; AGED; ARTICLE; ASSOCIATION; AUDITORY STIMULATION; AUDITORY THRESHOLD; COMPARATIVE STUDY; COMPREHENSION; HUMAN; MIDDLE AGED; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PERCEPTIVE DISCRIMINATION; PHOTOSTIMULATION; PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT; SPEECH AUDIOMETRY; SPEECH PERCEPTION; VISUAL ACUITY; VISUAL DISORDER;

EID: 78349247466     PISSN: 14992027     EISSN: 17088186     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3109/14992027.2010.509112     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (21)

References (67)
  • 2
    • 0035347346 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bisensory augmentation: A speechreading advantage when speech is clearly audible and intact
    • Part 2
    • Arnold P. & Hill F. 2001. Bisensory augmentation: A speechreading advantage when speech is clearly audible and intact. Br J Psychol , 92 Part 2, 339-355.
    • (2001) Br. J. Psychol. , vol.92 , pp. 339-355
    • Arnold, P.1    Hill, F.2
  • 3
    • 0030003687 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Visual acuity and the causes of visual loss in Australia the blue mountains eye study
    • Attebo K., Mitchell P. & Smith W. 1996. Visual acuity and the causes of visual loss in Australia. The Blue Mountains Eye Study. Ophthalmology , 103, 357-364.
    • (1996) Ophthalmology , vol.103 , pp. 357-364
    • Attebo, K.1    Mitchell, P.2    Smith, W.3
  • 4
    • 78349257961 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Visual enhancement in consonant identifi cation by younger and older adults
    • Ballingham T. & Cienkowski K.M. 2004. Visual enhancement in consonant identifi cation by younger and older adults. JARA , 37, 11-21.
    • (2004) JARA , vol.37 , pp. 11-21
    • Ballingham, T.1    Cienkowski, K.M.2
  • 5
    • 20044387779 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dual sensory loss and its impact on everyday competence
    • Brennan M., Horowitz A. & Su Y.P. 2005. Dual sensory loss and its impact on everyday competence. Gerontologist , 45, 337-346.
    • (2005) Gerontologist , vol.45 , pp. 337-346
    • Brennan, M.1    Horowitz, A.2    Su, Y.P.3
  • 6
    • 78349271041 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of age on visual enhancement in adults with hearing loss
    • Campbell M., Preminger J. & Ziegler C. 2007. The effect of age on visual enhancement in adults with hearing loss. JARA , 40, 11-32.
    • (2007) JARA , vol.40 , pp. 11-32
    • Campbell, M.1    Preminger, J.2    Ziegler, C.3
  • 7
    • 0023899871 scopus 로고
    • Speech understanding and aging
    • CHABA Working Group on Speech Understanding and Aging Committee on Hearing, Bioacoustics and Biomechanics Commission on Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education National Research Council
    • CHABA 1988. Speech understanding and aging. Working Group on Speech Understanding and Aging. Committee on Hearing, Bioacoustics, and Biomechanics, Commission on Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education, National Research Council. J Acoust Soc Am , 83, 859-895.
    • (1988) J. Acoust. Soc. Am. , vol.83 , pp. 859-895
  • 8
    • 33749578807 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association between vision and hearing impairments and their combined effects on quality of life
    • Chia E.M., Mitchell P., Rochtchina E., Foran S., Golding M. et al. 2006. Association between vision and hearing impairments and their combined effects on quality of life. Arch Ophthalmol , 124, 1465-1470.
    • (2006) Arch. Ophthalmol. , vol.124 , pp. 1465-1470
    • Chia, E.M.1    Mitchell, P.2    Rochtchina, E.3    Foran, S.4    Golding, M.5
  • 9
    • 0036773862 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Auditory-visual speech perception and aging
    • Cienkowski K.M. & Carney A.E. 2002. Auditory-visual speech perception and aging. Ear Hear , 23, 439-449.
    • (2002) Ear Hear , vol.23 , pp. 439-449
    • Cienkowski, K.M.1    Carney, A.E.2
  • 10
    • 4744370361 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Face recognition is affected by similarity in spatial frequency range to a greater degree than within-category object recognition
    • Collin C.A., Liu C.H., Troje N.F., McMullen P.A. & Chaudhuri A. 2004. Face recognition is affected by similarity in spatial frequency range to a greater degree than within-category object recognition. J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform , 30, 975-987.
    • (2004) J. Exp. Psychol. Hum. Percept. Perform , vol.30 , pp. 975-987
    • Collin, C.A.1    Liu, C.H.2    Troje, N.F.3    McMullen, P.A.4    Chaudhuri, A.5
  • 11
    • 1842530296 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Causes and prevalence of visual impairment among adults in the United States
    • Congdon N., OColmain B., Klaver C.C., Klein R., Munoz B. et al. 2004. Causes and prevalence of visual impairment among adults in the United States. Arch Ophthalmol , 122, 477-485.
    • (2004) Arch. Ophthalmol. , vol.122 , pp. 477-485
    • Congdon, N.1    O'Colmain, B.2    Klaver, C.C.3    Klein, R.4    Munoz, B.5
  • 12
    • 0028249784 scopus 로고
    • Spatial content and spatial quantisation effects in face recognition
    • Costen N.P., Parker D.M. & Craw I. 1994. Spatial content and spatial quantisation effects in face recognition. Perception , 23, 129-146.
    • (1994) Perception , vol.23 , pp. 129-146
    • Costen, N.P.1    Parker, D.M.2    Craw, I.3
  • 13
    • 2342419139 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vision impairment and hearing loss among community-dwelling older Americans: Implications for health and functioning
    • Crews J.E. & Campbell V.A. 2004. Vision impairment and hearing loss among community-dwelling older Americans: Implications for health and functioning. Am J Public Health , 94, 823-829.
    • (2004) Am. J. Public Health , vol.94 , pp. 823-829
    • Crews, J.E.1    Campbell, V.A.2
  • 14
    • 0027263699 scopus 로고
    • Population- based norms for the mini-mental state examination by age and educational level
    • Crum R.M., Anthony J.C., Bassett S.S. & Folstein M.F. 1993. Population- based norms for the mini-mental state examination by age and educational level. JAMA , 269, 2386-2391.
    • (1993) JAMA , vol.269 , pp. 2386-2391
    • Crum, R.M.1    Anthony, J.C.2    Bassett, S.S.3    Folstein, M.F.4
  • 15
    • 84937309384 scopus 로고
    • A cross-sectional investigation of speech reading in adults: Effect of age gender practice and education
    • Dancer J., Krain M., Thompson C., Davis P. & Glenn J. 1994. A cross-sectional investigation of speech reading in adults: Effect of age, gender, practice, and education. The Volta Review , 96, 31-40.
    • (1994) Volta Review , vol.96 , pp. 31-40
    • Dancer, J.1    Krain, M.2    Thompson, C.3    Davis, P.4    Glenn, J.5
  • 16
    • 0018756902 scopus 로고
    • Auditory-visual perception of speech with reduced optical clarity
    • Erber N.P. 1979. Auditory-visual perception of speech with reduced optical clarity. J Speech Hear Res , 22, 212-223.
    • (1979) J. Speech Hear Res. , vol.22 , pp. 212-223
    • Erber, N.P.1
  • 17
    • 78349266265 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hearing vision communication and older people
    • Erber N.P. 2002. Hearing, Vision, Communication and Older People . Melbourne: Clavis Pub.
    • (2002) Melbourne: Clavis Pub.
    • Erber, N.P.1
  • 18
    • 0001838185 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sensory loss and communication diffi culties in the elderly
    • Erber N.P. & Scherer S.C. 1999. Sensory loss and communication diffi culties in the elderly. Australasian Journal on Ageing , 18, 4-9.
    • (1999) Australasian Journal on Ageing , vol.18 , pp. 4-9
    • Erber, N.P.1    Scherer, S.C.2
  • 19
    • 0036726964 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Visual perception and aging
    • Faubert J. 2002. Visual perception and aging. Can J Exp Psychol , 56, 164-176.
    • (2002) Can J. Exp. Psychol. , vol.56 , pp. 164-176
    • Faubert, J.1
  • 20
    • 77249160250 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluating the effort expended to understand speech in noise using a dual-task paradigm: The effects of providing visual speech cues
    • Fraser S., Gagne J.P., Alepins M. & Dubois P. 2010. Evaluating the effort expended to understand speech in noise using a dual-task paradigm: The effects of providing visual speech cues. J Speech Lang Hear Res , 53, 18-33.
    • (2010) J. Speech Lang Hear Res. , vol.53 , pp. 18-33
    • Fraser, S.1    Gagne, J.P.2    Alepins, M.3    Dubois, P.4
  • 22
    • 0025767028 scopus 로고
    • Evaluating the articulation index for auditory-visual input
    • Grant K.W. & Braida L.D. 1991. Evaluating the articulation index for auditory-visual input. J Acoust Soc Am , 89, 2952-2960.
    • (1991) J. Acoust. Soc. Am. , vol.89 , pp. 2952-2960
    • Grant, K.W.1    Braida, L.D.2
  • 23
    • 0031839502 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Auditory-visual speech recognition by hearing-impaired subjects: Consonant recognition sentence recognition and auditory-visual integration
    • Grant K.W., Walden B.E. & Seitz P.F. 1998. Auditory-visual speech recognition by hearing-impaired subjects: Consonant recognition, sentence recognition, and auditory-visual integration. J Acoust Soc Am , 103, 2677-2690.
    • (1998) J. Acoust. Soc. Am. , vol.103 , pp. 2677-2690
    • Grant, K.W.1    Walden, B.E.2    Seitz, P.F.3
  • 24
    • 0020034488 scopus 로고
    • Auditory visual and auditory-visual perception of vowels by hearing-impaired children
    • Hack Z.C. & Erber N.P. 1982. Auditory, visual, and auditory-visual perception of vowels by hearing-impaired children. J Speech Hear Res , 25, 100-107.
    • (1982) J. Speech Hear Res. , vol.25 , pp. 100-107
    • Hack, Z.C.1    Erber, N.P.2
  • 25
    • 0014761106 scopus 로고
    • Lipreading performance as related to measurements of vision
    • Hardick E.J., Oyer H.J. & Irion P.E. 1970. Lipreading performance as related to measurements of vision. J Speech Hear Res , 13, 92-100.
    • (1970) J. Speech Hear Res. , vol.13 , pp. 92-100
    • Hardick, E.J.1    Oyer, H.J.2    Irion, P.E.3
  • 26
    • 0015689018 scopus 로고
    • The recognition of faces
    • Harmon L.D. 1973. The recognition of faces. Sci Am , 229, 71-82.
    • (1973) Sci. Am. , vol.229 , pp. 71-82
    • Harmon, L.D.1
  • 27
    • 0015790644 scopus 로고
    • Masking in visual recognition: Effects of two-dimensional fi ltered noise
    • Harmon L.D. & Julesz B. 1973. Masking in visual recognition: Effects of two-dimensional fi ltered noise. Science , 180, 1194-1197.
    • (1973) Science , vol.180 , pp. 1194-1197
    • Harmon, L.D.1    Julesz, B.2
  • 28
    • 0030797077 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Auditory and auditory-visual perception of clear and conversational speech
    • Helfer K.S. 1997. Auditory and auditory-visual perception of clear and conversational speech. J Speech Lang Hear Res , 40, 432-443.
    • (1997) J. Speech Lang Hear Res. , vol.40 , pp. 432-443
    • Helfer, K.S.1
  • 29
    • 0032087849 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Auditory and auditory-visual recognition of clear and conversational speech by older adults
    • Helfer K.S. 1998. Auditory and auditory-visual recognition of clear and conversational speech by older adults. J Am Acad Audiol , 9, 234-242.
    • (1998) J. Am. Acad. Audiol. , vol.9 , pp. 234-242
    • Helfer, K.S.1
  • 30
    • 3042569469 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Auditory-visual speech perception in older people: The effect of visual acuity
    • Hickson L., Hollins M., Lind C., Worrall L.E. & Lovie-Kitchin J. 2004. Auditory- visual speech perception in older people: The effect of visual acuity. ANZJA , 26, 3-11.
    • (2004) ANZJA , vol.26 , pp. 3-11
    • Hickson, L.1    Hollins, M.2    Lind, C.3    Worrall, L.E.4    Lovie-Kitchin, J.5
  • 31
    • 0030162405 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Speech understanding in the elderly
    • Humes L.E. 1996. Speech understanding in the elderly. J Am Acad Audiol , 7, 161-167.
    • (1996) J. Am. Acad. Audiol. , vol.7 , pp. 161-167
    • Humes, L.E.1
  • 32
    • 0347832119 scopus 로고
    • Effect of visual acuity problems on the speechreading performance of hearing-impaired adults
    • Johnson D. & Snell K. 1986. Effect of visual acuity problems on the speechreading performance of hearing-impaired adults. JARA , 19, 42-55.
    • (1986) JARA , vol.19 , pp. 42-55
    • Johnson, D.1    Snell, K.2
  • 33
    • 0034293479 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Visual and audiovisual speech perception with color and gray-scale facial images
    • Jordan T.R., McCotter M.V. & Thomas S.M. 2000. Visual and audiovisual speech perception with color and gray-scale facial images. Percept Psychophys , 62, 1394-1404.
    • (2000) Percept Psychophys , vol.62 , pp. 1394-1404
    • Jordan, T.R.1    McCotter, M.V.2    Thomas, S.M.3
  • 34
    • 0017325947 scopus 로고
    • Development of a test of speech intelligibility in noise using sentence materials with controlled word predictability
    • Kalikow D.N., Stevens K.N. & Elliott L.L. 1977. Development of a test of speech intelligibility in noise using sentence materials with controlled word predictability. J Acoust Soc Am , 61, 1337-1351.
    • (1977) J. Acoust. Soc. Am. , vol.61 , pp. 1337-1351
    • Kalikow, D.N.1    Stevens, K.N.2    Elliott, L.L.3
  • 35
  • 36
    • 0031695623 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Agespecifi c prevalence and causes of blindness and visual impairment in an older population: The rotterdam study
    • Klaver C.C., Wolfs R.C., Vingerling J.R., Hofman A. & de Jong P.T. 1998. Agespecifi c prevalence and causes of blindness and visual impairment in an older population: The Rotterdam Study. Arch Ophthalmol , 116, 653-658.
    • (1998) Arch. Ophthalmol. , vol.116 , pp. 653-658
    • Klaver, C.C.1    Wolfs, R.C.2    Vingerling, J.R.3    Hofman, A.4    De Jong, P.T.5
  • 37
    • 0026167228 scopus 로고
    • Visual aging and the visibility of highway signs
    • Kline D.W. 1991. Visual aging and the visibility of highway signs. Exp Aging Res , 17, 80-81.
    • (1991) Exp. Aging. Res. , vol.17 , pp. 80-81
    • Kline, D.W.1
  • 38
    • 18844454046 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cognitive performance and perceived effort in speech processing tasks: Effects of different noise backgrounds in normal-hearing and hearing-impaired subjects
    • Larsby B., Hallgren M., Lyxell B. & Arlinger S. 2005. Cognitive performance and perceived effort in speech processing tasks: Effects of different noise backgrounds in normal-hearing and hearing-impaired subjects. Int J Audiol , 44, 131-143.
    • (2005) Int. J. Audiol. , vol.44 , pp. 131-143
    • Larsby, B.1    Hallgren, M.2    Lyxell, B.3    Arlinger, S.4
  • 39
    • 0025974866 scopus 로고
    • Word discrimination and chronological age related to sentence-based speech-reading skill
    • Lyxell B. & Ronnberg J. 1991. Word discrimination and chronological age related to sentence-based speech-reading skill. Br J Audiol , 25, 3-10.
    • (1991) Br. J. Audiol. , vol.25 , pp. 3-10
    • Lyxell, B.1    Ronnberg, J.2
  • 40
    • 33646271825 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The prevalence of low vision and blindness in Canada
    • Lond
    • Maberley D.A., Hollands H., Chuo J., Tam G., Konkal J. et al. 2006. The prevalence of low vision and blindness in Canada. Eye (Lond) , 20, 341-346.
    • (2006) Eye , vol.20 , pp. 341-346
    • Maberley, D.A.1    Hollands, H.2    Chuo, J.3    Tam, G.4    Konkal, J.5
  • 41
    • 0023237267 scopus 로고
    • Quantifying the contribution of vision to speech perception in noise
    • MacLeod A. & Summerfi eld Q. 1987. Quantifying the contribution of vision to speech perception in noise. Br J Audiol , 21, 131-141.
    • (1987) Br. J. Audiol. , vol.21 , pp. 131-141
    • MacLeod, A.1    Summerfield, Q.2
  • 42
    • 0025325827 scopus 로고
    • A procedure for measuring auditory and audio-visual speech-reception thresholds for sentences in noise: Rationale evaluation and recommendations for use
    • MacLeod A. & Summerfield Q. 1990. A procedure for measuring auditory and audio-visual speech-reception thresholds for sentences in noise: Rationale, evaluation, and recommendations for use. Br J Audiol , 24, 29-43.
    • (1990) Br. J. Audiol. , vol.24 , pp. 29-43
    • MacLeod, A.1    Summerfield, Q.2
  • 43
    • 0347579290 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of facial colour and luminance in visual and audiovisual speech perception
    • McCotter M.V. & Jordan T.R. 2003. The role of facial colour and luminance in visual and audiovisual speech perception. Perception , 32, 921-936.
    • (2003) Perception , vol.32 , pp. 921-936
    • McCotter, M.V.1    Jordan, T.R.2
  • 44
    • 0023477279 scopus 로고
    • The effect of speechreading on the speech-reception threshold of sentences in noise
    • Middelweerd M.J. & Plomp R. 1987. The effect of speechreading on the speech-reception threshold of sentences in noise. J Acoust Soc Am , 82, 2145-2147.
    • (1987) J. Acoust. Soc. Am. , vol.82 , pp. 2145-2147
    • Middelweerd, M.J.1    Plomp, R.2
  • 45
    • 16644383144 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vision problems among seniors
    • Millar W.J. 2004. Vision problems among seniors. Health Rep , 16, 45-49.
    • (2004) Health Rep. , vol.16 , pp. 45-49
    • Millar, W.J.1
  • 46
    • 0035459795 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Usage of spatial scales for the categorization of faces objects and scenes
    • Morrison D.J. & Schyns P.G. 2001. Usage of spatial scales for the categorization of faces, objects, and scenes. Psychon Bull Rev , 8, 454-469.
    • (2001) Psychon. Bull. Rev. , vol.8 , pp. 454-469
    • Morrison, D.J.1    Schyns, P.G.2
  • 50
    • 0642343289 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cognitive aging and auditory information processing
    • Pichora-Fuller M.K. 2003. Cognitive aging and auditory information processing. Int J Audiol , 42 Suppl 2, 2S26 - 32.
    • (2003) Int. J. Audiol , vol.42 , Issue.2
    • Pichora-Fuller, M.K.1
  • 51
    • 56549127694 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of supportive context by younger and older adult listeners: Balancing bottom-up and top-down information processing
    • Pichora-Fuller M.K. 2008. Use of supportive context by younger and older adult listeners: Balancing bottom-up and top-down information processing. Int J Audiol , 47, S144-S154.
    • (2008) Int. J. Audiol. , vol.47
    • Pichora-Fuller, M.K.1
  • 53
    • 33745010448 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of age on auditory and cognitive processing: Implications for hearing aid fi tting and audiologic rehabilitation
    • Pichora-Fuller M.K. & Singh G. 2006. Effects of age on auditory and cognitive processing: Implications for hearing aid fi tting and audiologic rehabilitation. Trends Amplif , 10, 29-59.
    • (2006) Trends Amplif. , vol.10 , pp. 29-59
    • Pichora-Fuller, M.K.1    Singh, G.2
  • 54
    • 0016237436 scopus 로고
    • Vision requirements for lip reading
    • Romano P.E. & Berlow S. 1974. Vision requirements for lip reading. Am Ann Deaf , 119, 383-386.
    • (1974) Am. Ann. Deaf. , vol.119 , pp. 383-386
    • Romano, P.E.1    Berlow, S.2
  • 55
    • 0002491577 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Implications of perceptual deterioration for cognitive aging research
    • T.A. Salthouse & F.I.M. Craik (eds. Mahwah, N.J., London: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates
    • Schneider B. & Pichora-Fuller M.K. 2000. Implications of perceptual deterioration for cognitive aging research. In: T.A. Salthouse & F.I.M. Craik (eds.) The Handbook of Aging and Cognition . Mahwah, N.J., London: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, pp. ix, 755.
    • (2000) Handbook of Aging and Cognition , vol.755 , pp. 9
    • Schneider, B.1    Pichora-Fuller, M.K.2
  • 56
    • 78349270679 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ageing and vision
    • E.B. Goldstein (ed. Thousand Oaks, USA, London Sage.
    • Sekuler A.B. 2010. Ageing and vision. In: E.B. Goldstein (ed.) Encyclopedia of Perception . Thousand Oaks, USA, London: Sage.
    • (2010) Encyclopedia of Perception
    • Sekuler, A.B.1
  • 57
    • 0018409690 scopus 로고
    • The effects of age upon the visual perception of speech
    • Shoop C. & Binnie C.A. 1979. The effects of age upon the visual perception of speech. Scand Audiol , 8, 3-8.
    • (1979) Scand. Audiol. , vol.8 , pp. 3-8
    • Shoop, C.1    Binnie, C.A.2
  • 58
    • 63249084175 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence and characteristics of dual sensory impairment hearing and vision in a veteran population
    • Smith S.L., Bennett L.W. & Wilson R.H. 2008. Prevalence and characteristics of dual sensory impairment (hearing and vision) in a veteran population. J Rehabil Res Dev , 45, 597-609.
    • (2008) J. Rehabil Res. Dev. , vol.45 , pp. 597-609
    • Smith, S.L.1    Bennett, L.W.2    Wilson, R.H.3
  • 59
    • 21444443191 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Auditory-visual speech perception and auditory-visual enhancement in normal-hearing younger and older adults
    • Sommers M.S., Tye-Murray N. & Spehar B. 2005. Auditory-visual speech perception and auditory-visual enhancement in normal-hearing younger and older adults. Ear Hear , 26, 263-275.
    • (2005) Ear Hear , vol.26 , pp. 263-275
    • Sommers, M.S.1    Tye-Murray, N.2    Spehar, B.3
  • 60
    • 0027367992 scopus 로고
    • Neural bases of visual defi cits during aging
    • Spear P.D. 1993. Neural bases of visual defi cits during aging. Vision Res , 33, 2589-2609.
    • (1993) Vision Res. , vol.33 , pp. 2589-2609
    • Spear, P.D.1
  • 61
    • 10044249897 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Time-compressed visual speech and age: A fi rst report
    • Spehar B., Tye-Murray N. & Sommers M. 2004. Time-compressed visual speech and age: A fi rst report. Ear Hear , 25, 565-572.
    • (2004) Ear Hear , vol.25 , pp. 565-572
    • Spehar, B.1    Tye-Murray, N.2    Sommers, M.3
  • 62
    • 0001048664 scopus 로고
    • Visual contribution to speech intellegibility in noise
    • Sumby W.H. & Pollack I. 1954. Visual contribution to speech intellegibility in noise. J Acoust Soc Am , 26, 212-215.
    • (1954) J. Acoust. Soc. Am. , vol.26 , pp. 212-215
    • Sumby, W.H.1    Pollack, I.2
  • 63
    • 0024653952 scopus 로고
    • Speechreading with reduced vision: A problem of aging
    • Thorn F. & Thorn S. 1989. Speechreading with reduced vision: A problem of aging. J Opt Soc Am A , 6, 491-499.
    • (1989) J. Opt. Soc. Am. A , vol.6 , pp. 491-499
    • Thorn, F.1    Thorn, S.2
  • 64
    • 0025122263 scopus 로고
    • Blindness and visual impairment in an American urban population the baltimore eye survey
    • Tielsch J.M., Sommer A., Witt K., Katz J. & Royall R.M. 1990. Blindness and visual impairment in an American urban population. The Baltimore Eye Survey. Arch Ophthalmol , 108, 286-290.
    • (1990) Arch. Ophthalmol. , vol.108 , pp. 286-290
    • Tielsch, J.M.1    Sommer, A.2    Witt, K.3    Katz, J.4    Royall, R.M.5
  • 65
    • 34548409049 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Audiovisual integration and lipreading abilities of older adults with normal and impaired hearing
    • Tye-Murray N., Sommers M.S. & Spehar B. 2007. Audiovisual integration and lipreading abilities of older adults with normal and impaired hearing. Ear Hear , 28, 656-668.
    • (2007) Ear Hear , vol.28 , pp. 656-668
    • Tye-Murray, N.1    Sommers, M.S.2    Spehar, B.3
  • 66
    • 0027285720 scopus 로고
    • Benefi t from visual cues in auditory-visual speech recognition by middle-aged and elderly persons
    • Walden B.E., Busacco D.A. & Montgomery A.A. 1993. Benefi t from visual cues in auditory-visual speech recognition by middle-aged and elderly persons. J Speech Hear Res , 36, 431-436.
    • (1993) J. Speech Hear Res. , vol.36 , pp. 431-436
    • Walden, B.E.1    Busacco, D.A.2    Montgomery, A.A.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.