Intraindividual Variability in Reaction Time Predicts Cognitive Outcomes 5 Years Later

Neuropsychology

Volumn 24, Issue 6, 2010, Pages 731-741

  Bielak, Allison A M ^a   Hultsch, David F ^b   Strauss, Esther ^a   MacDonald, Stuart W S ^a   Hunter, Michael A ^a  

^a AUSTRALIAN NATIONAL UNIVERSITY   (Australia)

^b UNIVERSITY OF VICTORIA   (Canada)

Author keywords

Attrition; CIND; Cognition; Inconsistency; Mild cognitive impairment

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AGED; ARTICLE; COGNITION; COGNITIVE DEFECT; COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT NO DEMENTIA; COMMUNITY CARE; DISEASE CLASSIFICATION; FEMALE; HUMAN; INDIVIDUALITY; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; TASK PERFORMANCE;

AGED; AGED, 80 AND OVER; ATTENTION; CHOICE BEHAVIOR; COGNITION; COGNITION DISORDERS; FEMALE; HUMANS; INDIVIDUALITY; LONGITUDINAL STUDIES; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; MODELS, STATISTICAL; NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL TESTS; PREDICTIVE VALUE OF TESTS; REACTION TIME; REGRESSION ANALYSIS; RESIDENCE CHARACTERISTICS; SURVIVAL ANALYSIS;

EID: 78249265974     PISSN: 08944105     EISSN: 19311559     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1037/a0019802     Document Type: Article

References (50)

1. Anstey K.J., Mack H.A., Christensen H., Li S.-C., Reglade-Meslin C., Maller J., Sachdev P. Corpus callosum size, reaction time speed and variability in mild cognitive disorders and in a normative sample. Neuropsychologia 2007, 45:1911-1920.
2. Bellgrove M.A., Hester R., Garavan H. The functional neuroanatomical correlates of response variability: Evidence from a response inhibition task. Neuropsychologia 2004, 42:1910-1916.
3. Bielak A.A.M., Hughes T.F., Small B.J., Dixon R.A. It's never too late to engage in lifestyle activities: Significant concurrent but not change relationships between lifestyle activities and cognitive speed. Journal of Gerontology: Psychological Sciences 2007, 62(B):P331-P339.
4. Bielak A.A.M., Hultsch D.F., Kadlec H., Strauss E. Was that part of the story or did I just think so? Age and cognitive status differences in inference and story recognition. Experimental Aging Research 2007, 33:295-322.
5. Bielak, A. A. M., Hultsch, D. F., Strauss, E., MacDonald, S. W. S., & Hunter, M. A. (in press). Intraindividual variability is related to cognitive change in older adults: Evidence for within-person coupling. Manuscript submitted for publication.
6. Burton C.L., Strauss E., Hultsch D.F., Moll A., Hunter M.A. Intraindividual variability as a marker of neurological dysfunction: A comparison of Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology 2006, 28:67-83.
7. Burton C.L., Strauss E., Hunter M.A., Hultsch D.F. The relationship between everyday problem solving and inconsistency in reaction time in older adults. Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition 2009, 16:607-632.
8. Christensen H., Dear K.B.G., Anstey K.J., Parslow R.A., Sachdev P., Jorm A.F. Within-occasion intraindividual variability and preclinical diagnostic status: Is intraindividual variability an indicator of mild cognitive impairment?. Neuropsychology 2005, 19:309-317.
9. Dixon R.A., de Frias C. The Victoria Longitudinal Study: From characterizing cognitive aging to illustrating changes in memory compensation. Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition 2004, 11:346-376.
10. Dixon R.A., Garrett D.D., Lentz T.L., MacDonald S.W.S., Strauss E., Hultsch D.F. Neurocognitive markers of cognitive impairment: Exploring the roles of speed and inconsistency. Neuropsychology 2007, 21:381-399.
11. Ekstrom R.B., French J.W., Harman H.H., Dermen D. Manual for kit of factor-referenced cognitive tests 1976, Educational Testing Service, Princeton, NJ.
12. Folstein M., Folstein S., McHugh P.R. Mini-Mental State: A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. Journal of Psychiatric Research 1975, 12:189-198.
13. Fuentes K., Hunter M.A., Strauss E., Hultsch D.F. Intraindividual variability in cognitive performance in persons with chronic fatigue syndrome. The Clinical Neuropsychologist 2001, 15:210-227.
14. Hultsch D.F., Hertzog C., Dixon R.A. Ability correlates of memory performance in adulthood and aging. Psychology and Aging 1990, 5:356-368.
15. Hultsch D.F., MacDonald S.W.S. Intraindividual variability in performance as a theoretical window onto cognitive aging. New frontiers in cognitive aging 2004, 65-88. Oxford University Press, New York. R.A. Dixon, L. Bäckman, L.-G. Nilsson (Eds.).
16. Hultsch D.F., MacDonald S.W.S., Dixon R.A. Variability in reaction time performance of younger and older adults. Journal of Gerontology: Psychological Sciences 2002, 57(B):P101-P115.
17. Hultsch D.F., MacDonald S.W.S., Hunter M.A., Levy-Bencheton J., Strauss E. Intraindividual variability in cognitive performance in older adults: Comparison of adults with mild dementia, adults with arthritis, and healthy adults. Neuropsychology 2000, 14:588-598.
18. Hultsch D.F., Strauss E., Hunter M.A., MacDonald S.W.S. Intraindividual variability, cognition, and aging. The handbook of aging and cognition 2008, 491-556. Psychology Press, New York. 3rd ed. F.I.M. Craik, T.A. Salthouse (Eds.).
19. Hunter, M. A., & Bielak, A. A. M. (2005). Comparison of purification methods. Unpublished manuscript.
20. Jensen A.R. The importance of intraindividual variation in reaction time. Personality and Individual Differences 1992, 13:869-881.
21. Kelly A.M.C., Uddin L.Q., Biswal B.B., Castellanos F.X., Milham M.P. Competition between functional brain networks mediates behavioural variability. NeuroImage 2008, 39:527-537.
22. Lawton M.P., Brody E.M. Assessment of older people: Self-maintaining and instrumental activities of daily living. The Gerontologist 1969, 9:179-186.
23. Li S.-C., Aggen S.H., Nesselroade J.R., Baltes P.B. Short-term fluctuations in elderly people's sensorimotor functioning predict text and spatial memory performance: The MacArthur Successful Aging Studies. Gerontology 2001, 47:100-116.
24. Li S.-C., Lindenberger U. Cross-level unification: A computational exploration of the link between neurotransmitter systems and dedifferentiation of cognitive abilities in old age. Cognitive neuroscience of memory 1999, 103-146. Hogrefe & Huber, Seattle. L.-G. Nilsson, H.J. Markowitsch (Eds.).
25. Li S.-C., Lindenberger U., Hommel B., Aschersleben G., Prinz W., Baltes P.B. Transformations in the couplings among intellectual abilities and constituent cognitive processes across the life span. Psychological Science 2004, 15:155-163.
26. Lövdén M., Li S.-C., Shing Y.L., Lindenberger U. Within-person trial-to-trial variability precedes and predicts cognitive decline in old and very old age: Longitudinal data from the Berlin Aging Study. Neuropsychologia 2007, 45:2827-2838.
27. MacDonald S.W.S., Cervenka S., Farde L., Nyberg L., Bäckman L. Extrastriatal dopamine D2 receptor binding modulates intraindividual variability in episodic recognition and executive functioning. Neuropsychologia 2009, 47:2299-2304.
28. MacDonald S.W.S., Hultsch D.F., Dixon R.A. Performance variability is related to change in cognition: Evidence from the Victoria Longitudinal Study. Psychology and Aging 2003, 18:510-523.
29. MacDonald S.W.S., Hultsch D.F., Dixon R.A. Predicting impending death: Inconsistency in speed is a selective and early marker. Psychology and Aging 2008, 23:595-607.
30. MacDonald S.W.S., Nyberg L., Bäckman L. Intra-individual variability in behaviour: Links to brain structure, neurotransmission and neuronal activity. Trends in Neurosciences 2006, 29:474-480.
31. MacDonald S.W.S., Nyberg L., Sandblom J., Fischer H., Bäckman L. Increased response-time variability is associated with reduced inferior parietal activation during episodic recognition in aging. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 2008, 20:779-786.
32. Martin M., Hofer S. Intraindividual variability, change, and aging: Conceptual and analytical issues. Gerontology 2004, 50:7-11.
33. Murtha S., Cismaru R., Waechter R., Chertkow H. Increased variability accompanies frontal lobe damage in dementia. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 2002, 8:360-372.
34. Nesselroade J.R., Salthouse T.A. Methodological and theoretical implications of intraindividual variability in perceptual-motor performance. Journal of Gerontology: Psychological Sciences 2004, 59(B):P49-P55.
35. Petersen R.C., Smith G.E., Waring S.C., Ivnik R.J., Tangalos E.G., Kokman E. Mild cognitive impairment: Clinical characterization and outcome. Archives of Neurology 1999, 56:303-308.
36. Rabbitt P., Lunn M., Wong D. Neglect of dropout underestimates effects of death in longitudinal studies. Journal of Gerontology: Psychological Sciences 2005, 60(B):P106-P109.
37. Rabbitt P., Osman P., Moore B., Stollery B. There are stable individual differences in performance variability, both from moment to moment and from day to day. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Experimental Psychology 2001, 54(A):981-1003.
38. Rabbitt P.M., Watson P., Donlan C., Bent L., McInnes L. Subject attrition in a longitudinal study of cognitive performance in community-based elderly people. Facts and Research in Gerontology 1994, 14:203-207.
39. Salthouse T.A., Nesselroade J.R., Berish D.E. Short-term variability in cognitive performance and the calibration of longitudinal change. Journal of Gerontology: Psychological Sciences 2006, 61(B):P144-P151.
40. Schmiedek F., Lövdén M., Lindenberger U. On the relation of mean reaction time and intraindividual reaction time variability. Psychology and Aging 2009, 24:841-857.
41. Sliwinski M.J., Hofer S.M., Hall C., Buschke H., Lipton R.B. Modeling memory decline in older adults: The importance of preclinical dementia, attrition, and chronological age. Psychology and Aging 2003, 18:658-671.
42. Strauss E., Bielak A.A.M., Bunce D., Hunter M.A., Hultsch D.F. Within-person variability in response speed as an indicator of mild cognitive impairment in older adults. Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition 2007, 14:608-630.
43. Stuss D.T., Murphy K.J., Binns M.A., Alexander M.P. Staying on the job: The frontal lobes control individual performance variability. Brain 2003, 126:2363-2380.
44. Thurstone T.G. Primary mental abilities: Grades 9-12, 1962 revision 1962, Science Research Associates, Chicago.
45. Tuokko H., Frerichs R.J. Cognitive impairment with no dementia (CIND): Longitudinal studies, the findings, and the issues. The Clinical Neuropsychologist 2000, 14:504-525.
46. Tuokko H.A., Gabriel G. Neuropsychological detection of cognitive impairment: Inter-rater agreement and factors affecting clinical decision-making. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 2006, 12:72-79. the Canadian Study of Health and Aging Neuropsychology Working Group.
47. Tuokko H.A., Hultsch D.F. Mild cognitive impairment: International perspectives 2006, Taylor & Francis, New York.
48. Tuokko H.A., McDowell I. An overview of mild cognitive impairment. Mild cognitive impairment: International perspectives 2006, 3-28. Taylor & Francis, New York. H.A. Tuokko, D.F. Hultsch (Eds.).
49. Wechsler D. Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised 1981, Psychological Corporation, New York.
50. Williams B.R., Hultsch D.F., Strauss E.H., Hunter M.A., Tannock R. Inconsistency in reaction time across the life span. Neuropsychology 2005, 19:88-96.