Evolution of anuran assemblages in the Late Cretaceous of Utah, USA

Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments

Volumn 90, Issue 4, 2010, Pages 341-393

  Roček, Zbyněk ^a   Eaton, Jeffrey G ^b   Gardner, James ^c   Přikryl, Tomáš ^a,d  

^a INSTITUTE OF GEOLOGY   (Czech Republic)

^b WEBER STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^c ROYAL TYRRELL MUSEUM OF PALAEONTOLOGY   (Canada)

^d CHARLES UNIVERSITY   (Czech Republic)

Author keywords

Anura; Evolution; Fossil frogs; Late Cretaceous; Stratigraphy; Utah

Indexed keywords

BIOSTRATIGRAPHY; CAMPANIAN; CRETACEOUS; EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY; FOSSIL RECORD; FROG; LOCOMOTION; PALEONTOLOGY; SKELETAL REMAINS; TAXONOMY;

UNITED STATES; UTAH;

ANURA; ILIA;

EID: 78149464377     PISSN: 18671594     EISSN: 18671608     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s12549-010-0040-2     Document Type: Article

References (106)

1. JG Armstrong-Ziegler 1980 Amphibia and Reptilia from the Campanian of New Mexico Fieldiana Geol (New Series) 4 1 39
2. RW Blob MT Carrano RR Rogers CA Forster NR Espinoza 2001 A new fossil frog from the Upper Cretaceous Judith River Formation of Montana J Vertebr Paleontol 21 190 194 10.1671/0272-4634(2001)021[0190:ANFFFT]2.0.CO;2
3. Bohor BFD, Dalrymple B, Triplehorn D, Kirschbaum M (1991) Argon/argon dating of tonsteins from the Dakota Formation, Utah. Geol S Am, Abstracts with Programs 23:A85
4. M Borsuk-Białynicka SE Evans 2002 The scapulocoracoid of an Early Triassic stem - frog from Poland Acta Palaeont Pol 47 79 96
5. DR Braman 2002 Terrestrial palynomorphs of the upper Santonian-?lowest Campanian Milk River Formation, southern Alberta Palynology 25 57 107 10.2113/0250057
6. Breithaupt BH (1982) Paleontology and paleoecology of the Lance Formation (Maastrichtian), east flank of Rock Springs Uplift, Sweetwater County, Wyoming. Contrib Geol, University of Wyoming 21:123-151
7. Breithaupt BH (1985) Nonmammalian vertebrate faunas from the Late Cretaceous of Wyoming. Wyoming Geol Assoc, Thirty-sixth Annual Field Conference Guidebook:159-175
8. DB Brinkman 1990 Paleoecology of the Judith River Formation (Campanian) of Dinosaur Provincial Park, Alberta, Canada: evidence from vertebrate microfossil localities Palaeogeogr Palaeocl 78 37 54 10.1016/0031-0182(90)90203- J
9. LR Bryant 1989 Non-dinosaurian lower vertebrates across the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary in norteastern Montana Univ Calif Publ Geol Sci 134 1 107
10. LJ Calow RN Alexander 1973 A mechanical analysis of a hind leg of a frog (Rana temporaria) J Zool Lond 171 293 321 10.1111/j.1469-7998.1973.tb05341.x
11. RL Cifelli JD Gardner RL Nydam DL Brinkman 1997 Additions to the vertebrate fauna of the Antlers Formation (Lower Cretaceous), southeastern Oklahoma Okla Geol Notes 57 124 131
12. Cifelli RL, Nydam RL, Gardner JD, Weil A, Eaton JG, Kirkland JJ, Madsen SK (1999a) Medial Cretaceous vertebrates from the Cedar Mountain Formation, Emery County, Utah: the Mussentuchit local fauna. In: Gillette DD (ed) Vertebrate Paleontology in Utah. Miscellaneous Publication 99-1. Utah Geological Survey, Salt Lake City, pp 219-242
13. Cifelli RL, Nydam RL, Eaton JG, Gardner JD, Kirkland JI (1999b) Vertebrate faunas of the North Horn Formation (Upper Cretaceous-lower Paleocene), Emery and Sanpete counties, Utah. In: Gillette DD (ed) Vertebrate paleontology in Utah. Utah Geol Survey Misc Pub 99-1, Salt Lake City, pp 377-388
14. Cifelli RL, Eberle JJ, Lofgren DL, Lillegraven JA, Clemens WA (2004) Mammalian biochronology of the latest Cretaceous. In: Woodburne MO (ed) Late cretaceous and cenozoic mammals of North America: biostratigraphy and geochronology. Columbia University Press, New York, pp 21-42
15. WA Cobban 1984 Mid-Cretaceous ammonite zones, Western Interior, United States Geol Soc Denmark B 33 71 89
16. K Curtis K Padian 1999 An Early Jurassic microvertebrate fauna from the Kayenta Formation of northeastern Arizona: Microfaunal change across the Triassic-Jurassic boundary PaleoBios 19 19 37
17. DG DeMar Jr BH Breithaupt 2006 The nonmarine vertebrate microfossil assemblages of the Mesaverde Formation (Upper Cretaceous, Campanian) of the Wind River and Bighorn basins, Wyoming New Mex Mus N H Sci Bull 35 33 53
18. DeMar DG Jr, Breithaupt BH (2008) Terrestrial and aquatic vertebrate paleocommunities of the Mesaverde Formation (Upper Cretaceous, Campanian) of the Wind River and Bighorn basins, Wyoming, USA. In: Sankey JT, Baszio S (eds) Vertebrate Microfossil Assemblages: Their Role in Paleoecology and Paleobiogeography. Indiana University Press, Bloomington, pp 78-103
19. RK Denton Jr RC O'Neill 1998 Parrisia neocesariensis, a new batrachosauroidid salamander and other amphibians from the Campanian of eastern North America J Vertebr Paleontol 18 484 494 10.1080/02724634.1998.10011076
20. Dyman TS, Cobban WA, Titus AL, Obradovich JD, Davis LE, Eves RL, Pollock GL, Takahashi KI, Hester TC (2002) New biostratigraphic and radiometric ages for Albian-Turonian Dakota Formation and Tropic Shale at Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument and Iron Springs Formation near Cedar City, Parowan, and Gunlock in SW Utah. Geol Soc Am, Rocky Mountain Sec, Abstracts with Programs 34:13
21. JG Eaton 1990 Stratigraphic revision of Campanian (Upper Cretaceous) rocks in the Henry Basin, Utah Mt Geol 27 27 38
22. JG Eaton 1991 Biostratigraphic framework for the upper Cretaceous rocks of the Kaiparowits Plateau, southern Utah Geol Soc Am S 260 47 63
23. Eaton JG (1999) Vertebrate paleontology of the Paunsaugunt Plateau, Upper Cretaceous, southwestern Utah. In: Gillette DD (ed) Vertebrate paleontology in Utah. Utah Geol Survey Misc Pub 99-1, Salt Lake City, pp 335-338
24. Eaton JG (2002) Multituberculate mammals from the Wahweap (Campanian, Aquilan) and Kaiparowits (Campanian, Judithian) formations, within and near the Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument, southern Utah. Miscellaneous Publication 02-4. Utah Geological Survey, Salt Lake City
25. JG Eaton 2004 New screen-washing approaches to biostratigraphy and paleoecology, Cretaceous of southwestern Utah Carn Mus N H Bull 36 21 30 10.2992/0145-9058(2004)36[21:NSATBA]2.0.CO;2
26. JG Eaton 2006 Santonian (Late Cretaceous) mammals from the John Henry Member of the Straight Cliffs Formation, Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument, Utah J Vertebr Paleontol 26 446 460 10.1671/0272-4634(2006)26[446: SLCMFT]2.0.CO;2 (Pubitemid 43984305)
27. JG Eaton 2006 Late Cretaceous mammals from Cedar Canyon, southwestern Utah New Mex Mus N H Sci Bull 35 373 402
28. Eaton JG (2010) Cenomanian (Late Cretaceous) mammals from Cedar Canyon, southwestern Utah, and a revision of Cenomanian Alphadon-like marsupials. Mus N Arizona Bull 65 (in press)
29. Eaton JG, Cifelli RL (1988) Preliminary report on the Late Cretaceous mammalian faunas of the Kaiparowits Plateau, Utah. Contrib Geol, University of Wyoming 26:45-51
30. Eaton JG, Cifelli RL, Hutchison JH, Kirkland JI, Parrish JM (1999a) Cretaceous vertebrate faunas from the Kaiparowits Plateau, south-central Utah. In: Gillette DD (ed) Vertebrate Paleontology in Utah. Miscellaneous Publication 99-1. Utah Geol Survey, Salt Lake City, pp 345-353
31. Eaton JG, Maldonado F, McIntosh WC (1999b) New radiometric dates from Upper Cretaceous rocks of the Markagunt Plateau, southwestern Utah, and their bearing on subsidence histories. Geol Soc Am, Abstracts with Programs 31:A-11.
32. Eaton JG, Laurin J, Kirkland JI, Tibert NE, Leckie RM, Sageman BB, Goldstrand PM, Moore DW, Straub AW, Cobban WA, Dalebout JD (2001) Cretaceous and Early Tertiary Geology of Cedar and Parowan canyons, western Markagunt Plateau, Utah. In: Erskine MC, Faulds JE, Bartley JM, Rowley PD (eds) The Geologic Transition, High Plateaus to Great Basin - A Symposium and Field Guide: Utah Geological Association Publication No 30. Utah Geological Association, Salt Lake City, pp 337-363
33. DA Eberth DR Braman TT Tokaryk 1990 Stratigraphy, sedimentology and vertebrate paleontology of the Judith River Formation (Campanian) near Muddy Lake, west-central Saskatchewan B Can Petrol Geol 38 387 406
34. Eberth DA, Currie PJ, Brinkman DB, Ryan MJ, Braman DR, Gardner JD, Lam VD, Spivak DN, Neuman AG (2001) Alberta's dinosaurs and other fossil vertebrates: Judith River and Edmonton groups (Campanian-Maastrichtian). In: Hill CL (ed) Mesozoic and Cenozoic Paleontology in the Western Plains and Rocky Mountains. Museum of the Rockies, Bozeman, pp 47-75
35. SB Emerson HJ De Jongh 1980 Muscle activity at the ilio-sacral articulation of frogs J Morphol 166 129 144 10.1002/jmor.1051660202
36. R Estes 1964 Fossil vertebrates from the Late Cretaceous Lance Formation, eastern Wyoming Univ Calif Publ Geol Sci 49 1 180
37. R Estes 1969 A new fossil discoglossid frog from Montana and Wyoming Breviora 328 1 7
38. R Estes 1970 Origin of the recent North American lower vertebrate fauna: an inquiry into the fossil record Forma et Functio 3 139 163
39. R Estes B Sanchíz 1982 New discoglossid and palaeobatrachid frogs from the Late Cretaceous of Wyoming and Montana, and a review of other frogs from Lance and Hell Creek Formations J Vertebr Paleontol 2 9 20 10.1080/02724634.1982.10011914
40. R Estes P Berberian C Meszoely 1969 Lower vertebrates from the Late Cretaceous Hell Creek Formation, McCone County, Montana Breviora 337 1 33
41. R Estes ZV Špinar E Nevo 1978 Early Cretaceous pipid tadpoles from Israel (Amphibia: Anura) Herpetologica 34 374 393
42. SE Evans M Borsuk-Białynicka 1998 A stem group frog from the Early Triassic of Poland Acta Palaeontol Pol 43 573 580
43. SE Evans M Borsuk-Białynicka 2009 The Early Triassic stem-frog Czatkobatrachus from Poland Palaeontol Pol 65 79 105
44. SE Evans AR Milner 1993 Frogs and salamanders from the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation (Quarry Nine, Como Bluff) of North America J Vertebr Paleontol 13 24 30 10.1080/02724634.1993.10011485
45. Evans SE, Milner AR (1994) Middle Jurassic microvertebrate assemblages from the British Isles. In: Fraser NC, Sues H-D (eds) In the shadow of Dinosaurs. Cambridge University Press, pp 303-321
46. RC Fox 1972 A primitive therian mammal from the Upper Cretaceous of Alberta Can J Earth Sci 9 1479 1494
47. RC Fox 1976 An edentulous frog (Theatonius lancensis, new genus and species) from the Upper Cretaceous Lance Formation of Wyoming Can J Earth Sci 13 1486 1490
48. Fox RC (1976b) Upper Cretaceous and Paleocene vertebrate paleontology in Alberta. Geological and Mineralogical Association of Canada, Edmonton
49. RC Fox 1989 The Wounded Knee local fauna and mammalian evolution near the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary, Saskatchewan, Canada Palaeontogr Abt A 208 11 59
50. K-Q Gao Y Wang 2001 Mesozoic anurans from Liaoning Province, China, and phylogenetic relationships of archaeobatrachian anuran clades J Vertebr Paleontol 21 460 476 10.1671/0272-4634(2001)021[0460:MAFLPC]2.0.CO;2
51. JD Gardner 1995 Lower Cretaceous anurans from Texas and Utah J Vertebr Paleontol 15 suppl 31A
52. Gardner JD (2000) Systematics of Albanerpetontids and Other Lissamphibians from the Late Cretaceous of Western North America. Dissertation, University of Alberta
53. Gardner JD (2005) Lissamphibians. In: Currie PJ, Koppelhus EB (eds) Dinosaur Provincial Park. Indiana University Press, Bloomington, pp 186-201
54. Gardner JD (2008) New information on frogs (Lissamphibia: Anura) from the Lance Formation (late Maastrichtian) and Bug Creek Anthills (late Maastrichtian and early Paleocene), Hell Creek Formation, USA. In: Sankey JT, Baszio S (eds) Vertebrate Microfossil Assemblages. Indiana University Press, Bloomington, pp 219-249
55. Gardner JD, Roček Z, Eaton JG, Cifelli RL (2009) Amphibians from the Late Cretaceous of southwestern Utah. Advances in Western Interior Late Cretaceous Paleontology and Geology, Abstracts with Program, Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument Cretaceous Symposium. St. George, Utah, p 20
56. Gardner JD, Roček Z, Přikryl T, Eaton JG, Blob RW, Sankey JT (in press) Comparative morphology of the ilium of anurans and urodeles (Lissamphibia) and a re-assessment of the anuran affinities of Nezpercius dodsoni Blob et al., 2001. J Vertebr Paleontol
57. Gradstein FM, Ogg JG, Smith AG (2004) A Geologic Timescale 2004. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
58. TL Green 1931 On the pelvis of the Anura: a study in adaptation and recapitulation Proc Zool Soc Lond 1931 1259 1291
59. MK Hecht 1963 A reevaluation of the early history of the frogs. Part II Syst Zool 12 20 35 10.2307/2411892
60. MK Hecht R Estes 1960 Fossil amphibians from Quarry Nine Postilla 46 1 19
61. AC Henrici 1998 A new pipoid anuran from the Late Jurassic Morrison Formation at Dinosaur National Monument, Utah J Vertebr Paleontol 18 321 332 10.1080/02724634.1998.10011060
62. AC Henrici 1998 New anurans from the Rainbow Park Microsite, Dinosaur National Monument, Utah Mod Geol 23 1 16
63. Holman JA (2003) Fossil Frogs and Toads of North America. Indiana University Press, Bloomington
64. AP Hunt SG Lucas 1993 Cretaceous vertebrates of New Mexico New Mex Mus N H Sci Bull 2 77 91
65. J Jarošová Z Roček 1982 The incrassatio frontoparietalis in frogs, its origin and phylogenetic significance Amphib-Reptil 3 111 124 10.1163/156853882X00347
66. FA Jenkins Jr NH Shubin 1998 Prosalirus bitis and the anuran caudopelvic mechanism J Vertebr Paleontol 18 495 510 10.1080/02724634.1998.10011077
67. 39Ar and Detrital zircon U-Pb ages from the Upper Cretaceous Wahweap and Kaiparowits formations on the Kaiparowits Plateau, Utah: implications for regional correlation, provenance, and biostratigraphy Cretaceous Res 30 287 299 10.1016/j.cretres.2008.07.012
68. MEH Jones SE Evans D Sigogneau-Russell 2003 Early Cretaceous frogs from Morocco Ann Carnegie Mus 72 65 97
69. Kielan-Jaworowska Z, Cifelli RL, Luo Z-X (2004) Mammals from the age of Dinosaurs: origins, evolution, and structure. Columbia University Press, New York
70. Kowallis BJ, Christiansen EH, Deino A (1989) Multi-characteristic correlation of Upper Cretaceous volcanic ash beds from southwestern Utah to central Colorado. Utah Geol Mineral Survey Misc Pub 89-5. Utah Geological Survey, Salt Lake City
71. Larson DW, Brinkman DB, Bell PR (in press) Faunal assemblages from the upper Horseshoe Canyon Formation, an early Maastrichtian cool-climate assemblage from Alberta, with special reference to the Albertosaurus sarcophagus bonebed. Can J Earth Sci
72. JA Lillegraven 1976 A new genus of therian mammals from the Late Cretaceous "El Gallo Formation," Baja California, Mexico J Paleontol 50 437 443
73. Lofgren DL (1995) The Bug Creek problem and the Cretaceous-Tertiary transition at McGuire Creek, Montana. University of California Publications in Geological Sciences 140. University of California Press, Berkley
74. JD Lynch 1971 Evolutionary relationships, osteology, and zoogeography of leptodactyloid frogs Univ Kansas Mus Nat Hist Miscl Publ 53 1 238
75. O Marsh 1887 The American Jurassic mammals Am J Sci 33 327 348
76. FE May A Traverse 1973 Palynology of the Dakota Sandstone (Middle Cretaceous) near Bryce Canyon National Park, southern Utah Geosci Man 7 57 64
77. EA Merewether WA Cobban JD Obradovich 2007 Regional disconformities in Turonian and Coniacian (Upper Cretaceous) strata in Colorado, Wyoming, and adjoining states; biochronological evidence Rocky Mt Geol 42 95 122 10.2113/gsrocky.42.2.95
78. RL Moodie 1912 An American Jurassic frog Am J Sci 34 286 288 10.2475/ajs.s4-34.201.286
79. RL Moodie 1914 The fossil frogs of North America Am J Sci 38 531 536 10.2475/ajs.s4-38.228.531
80. Moore DW, Nealey LD, Rowley PW, Hatfield SC, Maxwell DJ, Mitchell E (2004) Geologic Map of the Navajo Lake Quadrangle, Kane and Iron counties, Utah. Utah Geological Survey Map 199, scale 1:24,000. Utah Geol Survey, Salt Lake City
81. Obradovich JD, Cobban WA (1975) A time-scale for the Late Cretaceous of the Western Interior of North America. In: Caldwell WGE (ed) The Cretaceous System in the Western Interior of North America. Geol Assoc of Canada, St. John's, pp 31-54
82. THD Payenberg DR Braman DW Davis AD Miall 2002 Litho- and chronostratigraphic relationships of the Santonian-Campanian Milk River Formation in southern Alberta and Eagle Formation in Montana utilizing stratigraphy, U-Pb geochronology, and palynology Can J Earth Sci 39 1553 1577 10.1139/e02-050 (Pubitemid 36209700)
83. DA Pearson T Schaefer KR Johnson DJ Nichols JP Hunter 2002 Vertebrate biostratigraphy of the Hell Creek Formation in southwestern North Dakota and northwestern South Dakota Geol Soc Am Spec Pap 361 145 167
84. Peng J, Russell AP, Brinkman DB (2001) Vertebrate microsite assemblages (exclusive of mammals) from the Foremost and Oldman formations of the Judith River Group (Campanian) of southeastern Alberta: an illustrated guide. Provincial Museum of Alberta, Edmonton
85. Peterson F (1969) Four new members of the Upper Cretaceous Straight Cliffs Formation in southeastern Kaiparowits region, Kane County, Utah. US Geol Survey Bull 1274-J:1-28
86. T Přikryl P Aerts P Havelková A Herrel Z Roček 2009 Pelvic and thigh musculature in frogs (Anura) and origin of anuran jumping locomotion J Anat 214 100 139 10.1111/j.1469-7580.2008.01006.x
87. Rage JC, Dutheil DB (2008) Amphibians and squamates from the Cretaceous (Cenomanian) of Morocco. A preliminary study, with description of a new genus of pipid frog. Palaeontogr, A, 285:1-22
88. JC Rage Z Roček 1989 Redescription of Triadobatrachus massinoti (Piveteau, 1936) an anuran amphibian from the Early Triassic Palaeontogr Abt A 206 1 16
89. EH Roberts 2007 Facies architecture and depositional environments of the Upper Cretaceous Kaiparowits Formation, southern Utah Sed Geol 197 207 233 10.1016/j.sedgeo.2006.10.001 (Pubitemid 46567640)
90. Roberts LNR, Kirschbaum MA (1995) Paleogeography of the Late Cretaceous of the Western Interior of middle North America - coal distribution and sediment accumulation. US Geol Surv Prof Pap 1561, 115 p.
91. 39Ar age of the Kaiparowits Formation, southern Utah, and correlation of contemporaneous Campanian strata and vertebrate faunas along the margin of the Western Interior Basin Cretaceous Res 26 307 318 10.1016/j.cretres.2005.01.002 (Pubitemid 40549510)
92. Roček Z (2000) Mesozoic anurans. In: Heatwole H, Carroll RL (eds) Amphibian Biology, vol 4, Palaeontology: the Evolutionary History of Amphibians. Surrey Beatty, Sydney, pp 1295-1331
93. Z Roček 2008 The Late Cretaceous frog Gobiates from Central Asia: its evolutionary status and possible phylogenetic relationships Cretaceous Res 29 577 591 10.1016/j.cretres.2008.01.005
94. Z Roček LA Nessov 1993 Cretaceous anurans from Central Asia Palaeontogr Abt A 266 1 54
95. Z Roček E Van Dijk 2006 Patterns of larval development in Cretaceous pipid frogs Acta Palaeontol Pol 51 111 126
96. T Rowe RL Cifelli TM Lehman A Weil 1992 The Campanian Terlingua local fauna, with a summary of other vertebrates from the Aguja Formation, Trans-Pecos Texas J Vertebr Paleontol 12 472 493 10.1080/02724634.1992.10011475
97. A Sahni 1972 The vertebrate fauna of the Judith River Formation, Montana B Am Mus Nat Hist 147 321 412
98. Sanchíz B (1998) Salientia. In: Wellnhofer P (ed) Encyclopedia of Paleoherpetology, Part 4. Friedrich Pfeil, München, pp 1-275
99. NH Shubin FA Jenkins Jr 1995 An early Jurassic jumping frog Nature 377 49 52 10.1038/377049a0
100. Tibert NE, Leckie RM, Eaton JG, Kirkland JI, Colin J-P, Leithold EL, McCormick M (2003) Recognition of relative sea-level change in Upper Cretaceous coal-bearing strata: a paleoecological approach using agglutinated foraminifera and ostracodes to detect key stratigraphic surfaces. In: Olson H, Leckie RM (eds) Microfossils As Proxies for Sea level Change and Stratigraphic Discontinuities. Soc Sed Geol, Tulsa, pp 263-299
101. Tokaryk TT (1997) Preliminary review of the non-mammalian vertebrates from the Frenchman Formation (late Maastichtian [sic]) of Saskatchewan. In: McKenzie-McAnally L (ed) Upper Cretaceous and tertiary stratigraphy and Paleontology of Southern Saskatchewan. Geol Assoc of Cananda, St. John's, pp 34-44
102. LE Wilson 2008 Comparative taphonomy and paleoecological reconstruction of two microvertebrate accumulations from the Late Cretaceous Hell Creek Formation (Maastrichtian) Eastern Montana Palaios 23 289 297 10.2110/palo.2007.p07-006r (Pubitemid 351836863)
103. DA Winkler LL Jacobs 2002 Cenomanian vertebrate faunas of the Woodbine Formation, Texas J Vertebr Paleontol 22 suppl 3 120A
104. Winkler DA, Murry PA, Jacobs LL (1989) Vertebrate paleontology of the Trinity Group, Lower Cretaceous of central Texas. In: Winkler DA, Murry PA, Jacobs LL (eds) Field Guide to the Vertebrate Paleontology of the Trinity Group, Lower Cretaceous of Central Texas. Institute for the Study of Earth and Man. Southern Methodist University, Dallas, pp 1-22
105. DA Winkler PA Murry LL Jacobs 1990 Early Cretaceous (Comanchean) vertebrates of central Texas J Vertebr Paleontol 10 95 116 10.1080/02724634. 1990.10011794
106. R Zangerl RH Denison 1950 Discovery of Early Cretaceous mammals and frogs in Texas Science 112 61 10.1126/science.112.2898.61-a