Mesozoic anurans from liaoning province, china, and phylogenetic relationships of archaeobatrachian anuran clades

Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology

Volumn 21, Issue 3, 2001, Pages 460-476

  Gao, Ke Qin ^a   Wang, Yuan ^b  

^a DIVISION OF INVERTEBRATE ZOOLOGY   (United States)

^b INSTITUTE OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY AND PALEOANTHROPOLOGY   (China)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0035539197     PISSN: 02724634     EISSN: 19372809     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1671/0272-4634(2001)021[0460:MAFLPC]2.0.CO;2     Document Type: Article

References (83)

1. Baez, A. M., and N. G. Basso. 1996. The earliest known frogs of the Jurassic of South America: review and cladistic appraisal of their relationships. Munchner Geowissenschaftliche Abhandlungen, A (Geologie und Palaontologie) 30:131-158.
2. Baez, A. M., and L. A. Pugener. 1998. A new Paleogene pipid frog from northwestern Patagonia. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 18: 511-524.
3. Bryant, H. N. 1995. Why autapomorphies should be removed: a reply to Yeates. Cladistics 11:381-384.
4. Cannatella, D. C. 1985. A phylogeny of primitive frogs (archaeobatrachians), Ph.D. dissertation, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, 404 pp.
5. Casamiquela, R. M. 1965. Nuevo material de Vieraella herbstii Reig. Revista del Museo de La Plata, Paleontologia (Nueva Serie) 4:265-317.
6. Clarke, B. T. 1987. A description of the skeletal morphology of Barbourula (Anura: Discoglossidae) comments on its relationships Journal of Natural History 21:879-891.
7. Clarke, B. T. 1988. Evolutionary relationships of the discoglossoid frogs—osteological evidence, Ph.D. dissertation, British Museum (Natural History) and City of London Polytechnic, London, 891 pp.
8. Cope, E. D. 1889. The Batrachia of North America. Bulletin of the United States National Museum 34:1-525.
9. Dubois, A. 1983. Classification et nomenclature supragenerique des amphibiens anoures. Bulletin Mensuel de la Societe Linneenne de Lyon 52:270-276.
10. Dubois, A. 1987. Discoglossidae Gunther, 1858 (Amphibia, Anura): Proposed conservation. Alytes 6:56-68.
11. Duellman, W. E. 1975. On the classification of frogs. Occasional Papers, Museum of Natural History, The University of Kansas 42:1-14.
12. Duellman, W. E. 1999. Global distribution of amphibians: patterns, conservation, and future challenges; pp. 1-30 in W. E. Duellman (ed.), Patterns of Distribution of Amphibians: A Global Perspective. The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore.
13. Duellman, W. E., and L. Trueb. 1986. Biology of Amphibians. McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York, 670 pp.
14. Endo, R. 1940. A new genus of Thecodontia from the Lycoptera beds in Manchoukuo. Bulletin of the Central National Museum of Manchoukuo 2:1-14.
15. Estes, R. 1970. New fossil pelobatid frogs and a review of the genus Eopelobates. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 139: 293-339.
16. Estes, R., and O. A. Reig. 1973. The early fossil record of frogs: a review of the evidence; pp. 11-63 in J. L. Vial (ed.), Evolutionary Biology of the Anurans: Contemporary Research on Major Problems. University of Missouri Press, Columbia.
17. Estes, R., and E B. Sanchiz. 1982. New discoglossid and palaeobatrachid frogs from the Late Cretaceous of Wyoming and Montana, and a review of other frogs from the Lance and Hell Creek formations. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 2:9-20.
18. Evans, S. E., and M. Borsuk-Bialynicka. 1998. A stem-group frog from the Early Triassic of Poland. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 43: 573-580.
19. Evans, S. E., and A. R. Milner. 1993. Frogs and salamanders from the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation (Quarry Nine, Como Bluff) of North America. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 13:24-30.
20. Evans, S. E., A. R. Milner, and F. Mussett. 1990. A discoglossid frog (Amphibia: Anura) from the Middle Jurassic of England. Palaeontology 33: 299-311.
21. Evans, S. E., G. Mcgowan, A. R. Milner, and B. Sanchiz. 1995. Amphibians; pp. 51-53 in N. Melendez (ed.), Las Hoyas: A Lacustrine Konservat-Lagerstatte, Cuenca, Spain. Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain.
22. Fabrezi, M. 1992. El carpo de los anuros. Alytes 10:1-29.
23. Fabrezi, M., and P. Alberch. 1996. The carpal elements of anurans. Herpetologica 52:188-204.
24. Fey, B. 1988. Die Anurenfauna aus der Unterkreide von Una (Ostspanien). Berliner Geowissenschaftliche Abhandlungen, Reihe A 103: 1-99.
25. Ford, L. S., and D. C. Cannatella. 1993. The major clades of frogs. Herpetological Monographs 7:94-117.
26. Frost, D. R. (ed.). 1985. Amphibian Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Allen Press and the Association of Systematics Collections, Lawrence, Kansas.
27. Glaw, E, and J. Kohler. 1998. Amphibian species diversity exceeds that of mammals. Herpetological Review 29:11-12.
28. Gubin, Y. M. 1999. Gobiatids (Anura) from the Upper Cretaceous locality Khermeen-Tsav (Gobi Desert, Mongolia). Paleontological Journal 33:77-87.
29. Hecht, M. K. 1970. The morphology of Eodiscogiossus, a complete Jurassic frog. American Museum Novitates 2424:1-17.
30. Henrici, A. C. 1994. Tephrodytes brassicarvalis, new genus and species (Anura: Pelodytidae), from the Arikareean Cabbage Patch beds of Montana, USA, and pelodytid-pelobatid relationships. Annals of Carnegie Museum 63:155-183.
31. Henrici, A. C. 1998. A new pipoid anuran from the Late Jurassic Morrison Formation at Dinosaur National Monument, Utah. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 18:321-332.
32. Ivachnenko, M. F. 1978. Urodelans from the Triassic and Jurassic of Soviet Central Asia. Paleontological Journal 12:362-368.
33. Jenkins F. A., Jr., and N. H. Shubin. 1998. Prosalirus bitis and the anuran caudopelvic mechanism. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 18:495-510.
34. Ji, S., and Q. Ji. 1998. The first Mesozoic frog fossil from China (Amphibia: Anura). Chinese Geology 250:39-42.
35. Ji, Q., S.-A. Ji, D. Ren, L.-W. Lu, X.-S. Fang, and Z.-G. Guo. 1999. On the sequence and age of the protobird-bearing deposits in the Sihetun-Jianshangou area, Beipiao, western Liaoning. Professional Papers of Stratigraphy and Paleontology 27:74-80.
36. Jin, F. 1996. New advances in the Late Mesozoic stratigraphic research of western Liaoning, China. Vertebrata PalAsiatica 34:102-122.
37. Jurgens, J. D. 1971. The morphology of the nasal region of Amphibia and its bearing on the phylogeny of the group. Annals of the University of Stellenbosch 46:1-146.
38. Kohler, J., F. Glaw, and F. Bohme. 2000. Diversity in amphibians; pp. 32-35 in R. Hofrichter (ed.), Amphibians: The World of Frogs, Toads, Salamanders and Newts. Firefly Books, New York.
39. Laurent, R. F. 1979. Esquisse d’une phylogenese des anoures. Bulletin Societe Zoologique France 104:397-422.
40. Lee, D.-C., and H. N. Bryant. 1999. A reconsideration of the coding of inapplicable characters: assumptions and problems. Cladistics 15: 373-378.
41. 39Ar laser single-grain and K-Ar dating of the Yixian Formation, NE China; pp. 328-340 in R-J. Chen and E Jin (eds.), Jehol Biota (Palaeoworld special issue 11). Press of University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
42. Lynch, J. D. 1969. Evolutionary relationships and osteology of the frog family Leptodactylidae, Ph.D. dissertation, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, 801 pp.
43. Lynch, J. D. 1973. The transition from archaic to advanced frogs; pp. 133-182 in J. L. Vial (ed.), Evolutionary Biology of the Anurans: Contemporary Research on Major Problems. University of Missouri Press, Columbia.
44. Maddison, W. P., and D. R. Maddison. 1992. MacClade (version 3): Analysis of Phylogeny and Character Evolution. Sinauer Associates, Inc. Sunderland, Massachusetts, 398 pp.
45. Maglia, A. M. 1998. Phylogenetic relationships of extant pelobatoid frogs (Anura: Pelobatoidea): evidence from adult morphology. Scientific Papers, Natural History Museum, The University of Kansas 10:1-19.
46. Meyer, V. H. 1843. Summarische Ubersicht der fossilen Wirbelthiere des Mainzer Tertiar-Beckens, mit besonderer Rucksicht auf Wiesemau. Neues Jahrbuch fur Mineralogie, Geognosie, Geologie und Petrefactenkunde 1843:379-410.
47. Milner, A. R. 1988. The relationships and origin of living amphibians; pp. 59-102 in M. J. Benton (ed.), The Phylogeny and Classification of the Tetrapods. 1. Amphibians, Reptiles, Birds. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
48. Paterson, N. F. 1960. The inner ear of some members of the Pipidae (Amphibia). Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 34: 509-546.
49. Piveteau, J. 1937. Paleontologie de Madgascar XXIII. Un amphibien du Trias Inferieur. Annales Paleontologie 26:135-177.
50. Pleijel, F. 1995. On character coding for phylogeny reconstruction. Cladistics 11:309-315.
51. Rage, J.-C., and Z. Rocek. 1989. Redescription of Triadobatrachus massinoti (Piveteau, 1936) an anuran amphibian from the Early Triassic. Palaeontographica Abteilung A 206:1-16.
52. Reig, O. A. 1957. Los anuros del Matildense; pp. 231-297 in R N. Stipanicic and O. A. Reig (eds.), El complejo porfirico de la Patagonia extraandina y su fanuna de anuros. Acta Geologica Lilloana 2.
53. Reig, O. A. 1958. Proposiciones para una nueva macrosistematica de los anuros. Nota Preliminar, Physis 21:109-118.
54. Reig, O. A. 1961. Noticia sobre un nuevo anuro fosil del Jurasico de Santa Cruz (Patagonia). Ameghiniana 2:73-78.
55. Ren, D., Z. Guo, L. Lu, S. Ji, F. Tang, Y. Jin, X. Fang, and Q. Ji. 1997. A further contribution to the knowledge of the Upper Jurassic Yixian Formation in western Liaoning. Geological Review 43:449-459.
56. Ritland, R. M. 1955. Studies on the post-cranial morphology of Ascaphus truei. I. Skeleton and spinal nerves. Journal of Morphology 97:119-178.
57. Rocek, Z. 1981. Cranial anatomy of the frogs of the family Pelobatidae Stannius, 1856, with outlines of their phylogeny and systematics. Acta Universitatis Carolinae Biologica 1980:1-164.
58. Rocek, Z. 1994. Taxonomy and distribution of Tertiary discoglossids (Anura) of the genus Latonia v. Meyer, 1843. Geobios 27:717-751.
59. Rocek, Z. 2000. Mesozoic anurans; pp. 1295-1331 in H. E. Heatwole and R. L. Carroll (eds.), Amphibian Biology, Vol. 4—Palaeontology. Surrey Beatty & Sons, Australia.
60. Rocek, Z., and J.-C. Rage. 2000. Proanuran states (Triadobatrachus, Czat-kobatrachus); pp. 1283-1294 in H. E. Heatwole and R. L. Carroll (eds.), Amphibian Biology, Vol. 4-Palaeontology. Surrey Beatty & Sons, Australia.
61. Sanchiz, B. 1998. Salientia. Handbuch der Palaoherpetologie, Teil 4. Verlag Dr. Friedrich Pferl, Miinchen, 275 pp.
62. Shubin, N. H., and F. A. Jenkins Jr. 1995. An Early Jurassic jumping frog. Nature 377:49-52.
63. Slabbert, G. K., and W. A. Maree. 1945. The cranial morphology of the Discoglossidae and its bearing upon the phylogeny of the primitive Anura. Annals of the University of Stellenbosch 23A(2-6):91-97.
64. Sokol, O. M. 1981. The larval chondrocranium of Pelodytes punctatus, with a review of tadpole chondrocrania. Journal of Morphology 169:161-183.
65. Spinar, Z. V. 1972. Tertiary Frogs from Central Europe. Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences, Prague, 286 pp.
66. Spinar, Z. V., L. P. Tatarinov. 1986. A new genus and species of discoglossid frog from the Upper Cretaceous of the Gobi Desert. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 6:113-122.
67. Stephenson, E. M. 1951. The anatomy of the head of the New Zealand frog, Leiopelma. Transactions of the Zoological Society of London 27:255-305.
68. Stephenson, E. M. 1952. The vertebral column and appendicular skeleton of Leiopelma hochstetteri Fitzinger. Transactions of the Royal Society of New Zealand 79:601-613.
69. Stephenson, E. M. 1960. The skeletal characters of Leiopelma hamiltoni McCulloch, with particular reference to the effects of heterochrony on the genus. Transactions of the Royal Society of New Zealand 88: 473-488.
70. Swisher, C. C., Y. Wang, X. Wang, X. Xu, and Y. Wang. 1999. Cretaceous age for the feathered dinosaurs of Liaoning, China. Nature 400:58-61.
71. Swofford, D. L. 1993. PAUP: Phylogenetic Analysis Using Parsimony. Version 3.1. Illinois Natural History Survey.
72. Trueb, L. 1973. Bones, frogs, and evolution; pp. 65-132 in J. L. Vial (ed.), Evolutionary Biology of the Aurans: Contemporary Research on Major Problems. University of Missouri Press, Columbia.
73. Trueb, L. 1993. Patterns of cranial diversity among the Lissamphibia; pp. 255-343 in J. Hanken and B. K. Hall (eds.), The Skull, Vol. 2. Patterns of Structural and Systematic Diversity. The University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 566 pp.
74. Trueb, L., and R. Cloutier. 1991a. A phylogenetic investigation of the inter-and intrarelationships of the Lissamphibia (Amphibia: Temnospondyli); pp. 175-188 in H.-P. Schultze and L. Trueb (eds.), Origins of the Higher Groups of Tetrapods: Controversy and Consensus. Cornell University Press, Ithaca.
75. Trueb, L., and R. Cloutier. 1991b. Toward an understanding of the amphibians: two centuries of systematic history; pp. 223-313 in H.-P. Schultze and L. Trueb (eds.), Origins of the Higher Groups of Tetrapods: Controversy and Consensus. Cornell University Press, Ithaca.
76. Van Eeden, J. A. 1951. The development of the chondrocranium of Ascaphus truei Stejneger with special reference to the relations of the palatoquadrate to the neurocranium. Acta Zoologica 32:41-176.
77. Villalta, C. J. F., de. 1957. Eodiscoglossus santonjae Vill., la Rana mas antigua conocida, que ha sido encontrada en el Jurasico superior de Santa Maria de Meya (Lerida); p. 146 in B. Melendez, La evolucion biologica. Madrid, Ediciones Fax. [Adaptation of 1-eonardi, Piero, 1950. L’evoluzione dei viventi. Brescia, Morcelliana, 360 PP.
78. Wang, S. 1990. Origin, evolution and mechanism of the Jehol fauna. Acta Geologica Sinica 1990:350-360.
79. Wang, S. 1998. Correlation of the continental Jurassic in the north of China to the paralic Jurassic in northwest Scotland, United Kingdom—with a discussion of the stratigraphic subdivision and correlation of the Jurassic in the north of China. Acta Geologica Sinica 72:11-21.
80. Wang, Y., and K. Gao. 1999. Earliest Asian discoglossid frog fossil from western Liaoning. Chinese Science Bulletin 44:636-641.
81. Wang, X. L., Y. Q. Wang, Y. Wang, X. Xu, Z. L. Tang, F. C. Zhang, Y. M. Hu, G. Gu, and Z. L. Hao. 1998. Stratigraphic sequence and vertebrate-bearing beds of the lower part of the Yixian Formation in Sihetun and neighboring area, western Liaoning, China. Vertebrata PalAsiatica 36:81-101.
82. Worthy, T. H. 1987. Osteology of Leiopelma (Amphibia, Leiopelmatidae) and description of three new subfossil Leiopelma species. Journal of the Royal Society New Zealand 17:201-251.
83. Yeates, D. 1992. Why remove autapomorphies? Cladistics 8:387-389.