Hodgkin's lymphoma therapy: Past, present, and future

Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy

Volumn 11, Issue 17, 2010, Pages 2891-2906

  Rathore, Bharti ^a   Kadin, Marshall E ^a  

^a ROGER WILLIAMS MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

Aggressive; Chemotherapy; Combined modality therapy; Hodgkin's lymphoma; Prognostic factors

Indexed keywords

BIOLOGICAL MARKER; BLEOMYCIN; CD20 ANTIGEN; CD30 ANTIGEN; CHLORMETHINE; CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE; CYTOKINE; DACARBAZINE; DOXORUBICIN; ETOPOSIDE; GEMCITABINE; GLUCOCORTICOID; INTERLEUKIN 10; MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY MDX 060; PREDNISONE; PROCARBAZINE; PROTEIN BCL 2; PROTEIN BCL XL; PROTEIN P53; RECOMBINANT GRANULOCYTE COLONY STIMULATING FACTOR; RITUXIMAB; SGN 30; THYMUS AND ACTIVATION REGULATED CHEMOKINE; VINBLASTINE; VINCRISTINE;

ADVANCED CANCER; ALLOGENEIC STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION; APOPTOSIS; AUTOLOGOUS STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION; CANCER CHEMOTHERAPY; CANCER INFILTRATION; CANCER PATIENT; CANCER RELAPSE; CANCER STAGING; CANCER SURVIVAL; CLINICAL TRIAL; COMPUTER ASSISTED TOMOGRAPHY; CYTOTOXIC T LYMPHOCYTE; EPSTEIN BARR VIRUS; FOLLOW UP; HEMATOLOGIC DISEASE; HODGKIN DISEASE; HUMAN; IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY; LUNG DISEASE; MACROPHAGE; MULTIMODALITY CANCER THERAPY; MULTIPLE CYCLE TREATMENT; NODULAR LYMPHOCYTE PREDOMINANT HODGKIN LYMPHOMA; POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY; PROGNOSIS; REDUCED INTENSITY CONDITIONING; REVIEW; RISK ASSESSMENT; SYSTEMIC THERAPY;

ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS; COMBINED MODALITY THERAPY; HODGKIN DISEASE; HUMANS; NEOPLASM STAGING; POSITRON-EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY; PROGNOSIS;

EID: 78149458452     PISSN: 14656566     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1517/14656566.2010.515979     Document Type: Review

References (120)

1. Jemal A, Siegel R, Ward E, et al. Cancer statistics, 2009. CA Cancer J Clin 2009;59(4):225-49
2. Carbone PP, Kaplan HS, Musshoff K, et al. Report of the Committee on Hodgkins disease staging classification. Cancer Res 1971;31(11):1860-1
3. Lister TA, Crowther D, Sutcliffe SB, et al. Report of a committee convened to discuss the evaluation and staging of patients with Hodgkins disease: cotswolds meeting. J Clin Oncol 1989;7(11):1630-6
4. Juweid ME. Utility of positron emission tomography (PET) scanning in managing patients with Hodgkin lymphoma. Hematol Am Soc Hematol Educ Prog 2006:259-65
5. Hasenclever D, Diehl V. A prognostic score for advanced Hodgkins disease. international prognostic factors project on advanced Hodgkins disease. N Engl J Med 1998;339(21):1506-14
6. Franklin J, Paulus U, Lieberz D, et al. Is the international prognostic score for advanced stage Hodgkins disease applicable to early stage patients? German Hodgkin lymphoma study group. Ann Oncol 2000;11(5):617-23
7. Bierman PJ, Lynch JC, Bociek RG, et al. The International prognostic factors project score for advanced Hodgkins disease is useful for predicting outcome of autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Ann Oncol 2002;13(9):1370-7
8. Juweid ME, Stroobants S, Hoekstra OS, et al. Imaging Subcommittee of International Harmonization Project in lymphoma. Use of positron emission tomography for response assessment of lymphoma: consensus of the imaging Subcommittee of International Harmonization Project in lymphoma. J Clin Oncol 2007;25(5):571-8
9. Zijlstra JM, Lindauer-van der Werf G, Hoekstra OS, et al. 18F-fluoro-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography for post-treatment evaluation of malignant lymphoma: a systematic review. Haematologica 2006;91(4):522-9
10. Terasawa T, Lau J, Bardet S, et al. Fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography for interim response assessment of advanced-stage Hodgkins lymphoma and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: a systematic review. J Clin Oncol 2009;27(11):1906-14
11. Kobe C, Dietlein M, Franklin J, et al. Positron emission tomography has a high negative predictive value for progression or early relapse for patients with residual disease after first-line chemotherapy in advanced-stage Hodgkin lymphoma. Blood 2008;112(10):3989-94
12. Gallamini A, Hutchings M, Rigacci L, et al. Early interim 2-[18F]fluoro-2- deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography is prognostically superior to international prognostic score in advanced-stage Hodgkins lymphoma: a report from a joint Italian-Danish study. J Clin Oncol 2007;25(24):3746-52
13. Dann EJ, Bar-Shalom R, Tamir A, et al. Risk-adapted BEACOPP regimen can reduce the cumulative dose of chemotherapy for standard and high-risk Hodgkin lymphoma with no impairment of outcome. Blood 2007;109(3):905-9
14. Poulou LS, Thanos L, Ziakas PD. Unifying the predictive value of pretransplant FDG PET in patients with lymphoma: a review and meta-analysis of published trials. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2010;37(1):156-62
15. Jabbour E, Hosing C, Ayers G, et al. Pretransplant positive positron emission tomography/gallium scans predict poor outcome in patients with recurrent/ refractory Hodgkin lymphoma. Cancer 2007;109(12):2481-9
16. Moskowitz CH, Nimer SD, Zelenetz AD, et al. Normalization of FDG-PET Pre- ASCT with additional non-cross resistant chemotherapy improves EFS in patients with relapsed and primary refractory Hodgkin lymphoma-memorial sloan kettering protocol 04-047. Blood (ASH Annual Meeting Abstracts) 2008;112:abstract 775
17. Coppleson LW, Rappaport H, Strum SB, Rose J. Analysis of the Rye classification of Hodgkins disease. The prognostic significance of cellular composition. J Natl Cancer Inst 1973;51(2):379-90
18. Ree HJ, Kadin ME. Macrophage-histiocytes in Hodgkins disease. The relation of peanut-agglutinin-binding macrophage- histiocytes to clinicopathologic presentation and course of disease. Cancer 1985;56(2):333-8
19. Steidl C, Lee T, Shah SP, et al. Tumor-associated macrophages and survival in classic Hodgkins lymphoma. N Engl J Med 2010;362(10):875-85
20. Rassidakis GZ, Medeiros LJ, McDonnell TJ, et al. BAX expression in Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg cells of Hodgkins disease: correlation with clinical outcome. Clin Cancer Res 2002;8(2):488-93
21. Montalban C, Garcia JF, Abraira V, et al. Spanish Hodgkins Lymphoma Study Group. Influence of biologic markers on the outcome of Hodgkins lymphoma: a study by the Spanish Hodgkins Lymphom Study Group. J Clin Oncol 2004;22(9):1664-73
22. Rassidakis GZ, Medeiros LJ, Vassilakopoulos TP, et al. BCL-2 expression in Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg cells of classical Hodgkin disease predicts a poorer prognosis in patients treated with ABVD or equivalent regimens. Blood 2002;100(12):3935-41
23. Sup SJ, Alemany CA, Pohlman B, et al. Expression of bcl-2 in classical Hodgkins lymphoma: an independent predictor of poor outcome. J Clin Oncol 2005;23(16):3773-9
24. Smolewski P, Robak T, Krykowski E, et al. Prognostic factors in Hodgkins disease: multivariate analysis of 327 patients from a single institution. Clin Cancer Res 2000;6(3):1150-60
25. Gause A, Pohl C, Tschiersch A, et al. Clinical significance of soluble CD30 antigen in the sera of patients with untreated Hodgkins disease. Blood 1991;77(9):1983-8
26. Axdorph U, Sjoberg J, Grimfors G, et al. Biological markers may add to prediction of outcome achieved by the International Prognostic Score in Hodgkins disease. Ann Oncol 2000;11(11):1405-11
27. Zanotti R, Trolese A, Ambrosetti A, et al. Serum levels of soluble CD30 improve International Prognostic Score in predicting the outcome of advanced Hodgkins lymphoma. Ann Oncol 2002;13(12):1908-14
28. Visco C, Nadali G, Vassilakopoulos TP, et al. Very high levels of soluble CD30 recognize the patients with classical Hodgkins lymphoma retaining a very poor prognosis. Eur J Haematol 2006;77(5):387-94
29. Sarris AH, Kliche KO, Pethambaram P, et al. Interleukin-10 levels are often elevated in serum of adults with Hodgkins disease and are associated with inferior failure-free survival. Ann Oncol 1999;10(4):433-40
30. Viviani S, Notti P, Bonfante V, et al. Elevated pretreatment serum levels of Il-10 are associated with a poor prognosis in Hodgkins disease: The Milan Cancer Institute experience. Med Oncol 2000;17(1):59-63
31. Vassilakopoulos TP, Nadali G, Angelopoulou MK, et al. Serum interleukin-10 levels are an independent prognostic factor for patients with Hodgkins lymphoma. Haematologica 2001;86(3):274-81
32. Rautert R, Schinkothe T, Franklin J, et al. Elevated pretreatment interleukin-10 serum level is an International Prognostic Score (IPS)-independent risk factor for early treatment failure in advanced stage Hodgkin lymphoma. Leuk Lymphoma 2008;49(11):2091-8
33. Peh SC, Kim LH, Poppema S. TARC, a CC chemokine, is frequently expressed in classic Hodgkins lymphoma but not in NLP Hodgkins lymphoma, T-cell-rich B- cell lymphoma, and most cases of anaplastic large cell lymphoma. Am J Surg Pathol 2001;25(7):925-9
34. Niens M, Visser L, Nolte IM, et al. Serum chemokine levels in Hodgkin lymphoma patients: highly increased levels of CCL17 and CCL22. Br J Haematol 2008;140(5):527-36
35. Weihrauch MR, Manzke O, Beyer M, et al. Elevated serum levels of CC thymus and activation-related chemokine (TARC) in primary Hodgkins disease: potential for a prognostic factor. Cancer Res 2005;65(13):5516-19
36. Hnatkova M, Mocikova H, Trneny M, Zivny J. The biological environment of Hodgkins lymphoma and the role of the chemokine CCL17/TARC. Prague Med Rep 2009;110(1):35-41
37. Specht L, Gray RG, Clarke MJ, Peto R. Influence of more extensive radiotherapy and adjuvant chemotherapy on long-term outcome of early-stage Hodgkins disease: a meta-analysis of 23 randomized trials involving 3,888 patients. International Hodgkins Disease Collaborative Group. J Clin Oncol 1998;16(3):830-43
38. Bonadonna G, Bonfante V, Viviani S, et al. ABVD plus subtotal nodal versus involved-field radiotherapy in early-stage Hodgkins disease: long-term results. J Clin Oncol 2004;22(14):2835-41
39. Engert A, Franklin J, Eich HT, et al. Two cycles of doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine plus extended-field radiotherapy is superior to radiotherapy alone in early favorable Hodgkins lymphoma: final results of the GHSG HD7 trial. J Clin Oncol 2007;25(23):3495-502
40. Engert A, Schiller P, Josting A, et al. Involved-field radiotherapy is equally effective and less toxic compared with extended-field radiotherapy after four cycles of chemotherapy in patients with early-stage unfavorable Hodgkins lymphoma: results of the HD8 trial of the German Hodgkins Lymphoma Study Group. J Clin Oncol 2003;21(19):3601-8
41. Ferme C, Eghbali H, Meerwaldt JH, et al. EORTC-GELA H8 Trial. Chemotherapy plus involved-field radiation in early-stage Hodgkins disease. N Engl J Med 2007;357(19):1916-27
42. Engert, A, Diehl V, Pluettschow A, et al. Two cycles of ABVD followed by involved field radiotherapy with 20 gray (Gy) is the new standard of care in the treatment of patients with early-stage Hodgkin lymphoma: final analysis of the randomized German Hodgkin Study Group (GHSG) HD10. Blood (ASH abstract) 2009;114:abstract 716
43. Borchmann P, Diehl V, Goergen H, et al. Dacarbazine is an essential component of ABVD in the treatment of early favourable Hodgkin lymphoma: results of the second interim analysis of the GHSG HD13 trial (abstract1146). Haematologica 2010;95(Suppl.2):473
44. Borchmann P, Diehl V, Goergen H, et al. Combined modality treatment with intensified chemotherapy and dose-reduced involved field radiotherapy in patients with early unfavourable Hodgkin lymphoma (HL): final analysis of the German Hodgkin Study Group (GHSG) HD11 trial. Blood (ASH Abstracts) 2009;114:abstract 717
45. Advani RH, Hoppe RT, Baer DM, et al. Efficacy of abbreviated Stanford V chemotherapy and involved field radiotherapy in early stage Hodgkins disease: mature results of the G4 trial. Blood (ASH abstr) 2009;114:1670
46. Meyer RM, Gospodarowicz MK, Connors JM, et al. National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group; Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group. Randomized comparison of ABVD chemotherapy with a strategy that includes radiation therapy in patients with limited-stage Hodgkins lymphoma: National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group and the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group. J Clin Oncol 2005;23(21):4634-42
47. Specht L. 2-[18F]fluoro-2-deoxyglucose positron-emission tomography in staging, response evaluation, and treatment planning of lymphomas. Semin Radiat Oncol 2007;17(3):190-7
48. Pommier P, Dussart S, Girinsky T, et al. Impact of 18F-Fluoro-2- deoxyglucose positron emission tomography on treatment strategy and radiotherapy planning for stage I-II Hodgkin disease: a Prospective Multicenter Study. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2010 May 7. [Epub ahead of print]
49. DeVita VT Jr, Serpick AA, Carbone PP. Combination chemotherapy in the treatment of advanced Hodgkins disease. Ann Intern Med 1970;73(6):881-95
50. Longo DL, Young RC, Wesley M, et al. Twenty years of MOPP therapy for Hodgkins disease. J Clin Oncol 1986;4(9):1295-306
51. Viviani S, Santoro A, Ragni G, et al. Gonadal toxicity after combination chemotherapy for Hodgkins disease. Comparative results of MOPP vs ABVD. Eur J Cancer Clin Oncol 1985;21(5):601-5
52. Valagussa P, Santoro A, Fossati-Bellani F, et al. Secondary acute leukemia and other malignancies following treatment for Hodgkins disease. J Clin Oncol 1986;4(6):830-7
53. Bonadonna G, Zucali R, Monfardini S, et al. Combination chemotherapy of Hodgkins disease with adriamycin, bleomycin, vinblastine, and imidazole carboxamide versus MOPP. Cancer 1975;36(1):252-9
54. Santoro A, Bonadonna G, Valagussa P, et al. Long-term results of combined chemotherapy-radiotherapy approach in Hodgkins disease: superiority of ABVD plus radiotherapy versus MOPP plus radiotherapy. J Clin Oncol 1987;5(1):27-37
55. Bonadonna G, Valagussa P, Santoro A. Alternating non-cross-resistant combination chemotherapy or MOPP in stage IV Hodgkins disease. A report of 8-year results. Ann Intern Med 1986;104(6):739-46
56. Klimo P, Connors JM. MOPP/ABV hybrid program: combination chemotherapy based on early introduction of seven effective drugs for advanced Hodgkins disease. J Clin Oncol 1985;3(9):1174-82
57. Glick JH, Young ML, Harrington D, et al. MOPP/ABV hybrid chemotherapy for advanced Hodgkins disease significantly improves failure-free and overall survival: the 8-year results of the intergroup trial. J Clin Oncol 1998;16(1):19-26
58. Canellos GP, Anderson JR, Propert KJ, et al. Chemotherapy of advanced Hodgkins disease with MOPP, ABVD, or MOPP alternating with ABVD. N Engl J Med 1992;327(21):1478-84
59. Connors JM, Klimo P, Adams G, et al. Treatment of advanced Hodgkins disease with chemotherapy - comparison of MOPP/ABV hybrid regimen with alternating courses of MOPP and ABVD: a report from the National Cancer Institute of Canada clinical trials group. J Clin Oncol 1997;15(4):1638-45
60. Duggan DB, Petroni GR, Johnson JL, et al. Randomized comparison of ABVD and MOPP/ABV hybrid for the treatment of advanced Hodgkins disease: report of an intergroup trial. J Clin Oncol 2003;21(4):607-14
61. Hasenclever D, Loeffler M, Diehl V. Rationale for dose escalation of first line conventional chemotherapy in advanced Hodgkins disease. German Hodgkins Lymphoma Study Group. Ann Oncol 1996;7(Suppl 4):95-8
62. Diehl V, Sieber M, Ruffer U, et al. BEACOPP: an intensified chemotherapy regimen in advanced Hodgkins disease. The German Hodgkins Lymphoma Study Group. Ann Oncol 1997;8(2):143-8
63. Tesch H, Diehl V, Lathan B, et al. Moderate dose escalation for advanced stage Hodgkins disease using the bleomycin, etoposide, adriamycin, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, procarbazine, and prednisone scheme and adjuvant radiotherapy: a study of the German Hodgkins Lymphoma Study Group. Blood 1998;92(12):4560-7
64. Diehl V, Franklin J, Pfreundschuh M, et al. Standard and increased-dose BEACOPP chemotherapy compared with COPP-ABVD for advanced Hodgkins disease. N Engl J Med 2003;348(24):2386-95
65. Engert A, Diehl V, Franklin J, et al. Escalated-dose BEACOPP in the treatment of patients with advanced-stage Hodgkins lymphoma: 10 years of follow-up of the GHSG HD9 study. J Clin Oncol 2009;27(27):4548-54
66. Federico M, Luminari S, Iannitto E, et al. HD2000 Gruppo Italiano per lo Studio dei Linfomi Trial. ABVD compared with BEACOPP compared with CEC for the initial treatment of patients with advanced Hodgkins lymphoma: results from the HD2000 Gruppo Italiano per lo Studio dei Linfomi Trial. J Clin Oncol 2009;27(5):805-11
67. Gianni AM, Rambaldi A, Zinzani P, et al. Comparable 3-year outcome following ABVD or BEACOPP first-line chemotherapy, plus pre-planned high-dose salvage, in advanced Hodgkin lymphoma: a randomized trial of the Michelangelo, GITIL and IIL cooperative groups. J Clin Oncol 2008;26(20 Suppl):abstract 8506
68. Bartlett NL, Rosenberg SA, Hoppe RT, et al. Brief chemotherapy, Stanford V, and adjuvant radiotherapy for bulky or advanced-stage Hodgkins disease: a preliminary report. J Clin Oncol 1995;13(5):1080-8
69. Horning SJ, Hoppe RT, Breslin S, et al. Stanford V and radiotherapy for locally extensive and advanced Hodgkins disease: mature results of a prospective clinical trial. J Clin Oncol 2002;20:630-7
70. Gobbi PG, Levis A, Chisesi T, et al. ABVD versus modified Stanford V versus MOPPEBVCAD with optional and limited radiotherapy in intermediate-and advanced-stage Hodgkins lymphoma: final results of a mulitcenter randomized trial by the Intergruppo Italiano Linfomi. J Clin Oncol 2005;23(36):9198-207
71. Hoskin PJ, Lowry L, Horwich A, et al. Randomized comparison of the Stanford V regimen and ABVD in the treatment of advanced Hodgkins lymphoma: United Kingdom National Cancer Research Institute Lymphoma Group Study ISRCTN 64141244. J Clin Oncol 2009;27(32):5390-6
72. Federico M, Bellei M, Brice P, et al. High-dose therapy and autologous stem-cell transplantation versus conventional therapy for patients with advanced Hodgkins lymphoma responding to front-line therapy. J Clin Oncol 2003;21(12):2320-5
73. Proctor SJ, Mackie M, Dawson A, et al. A population-based study of intensive multi-agent chemotherapy with or without autotransplant for the highest risk Hodgkins disease patients identified by the Scotland and Newcastle Lymphoma Group (SNLG) prognostic index. A Scotland and Newcastle Lymphoma Group study (SNLG HD III). Eur J Cancer 2002;38(6):795-806
74. Nogova L, Reineke T, Brillant C, et al. Lymphocyte-predominant and classical Hodgkins lymphoma: A comprehensive analysis from the German Hodgkin Study Group. J Clin Oncol 2008;26:434-39
75. Diehl V, Sextro M, Franklin J, et al. Clinical presentation, course, and progostic factors in lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkins disease and lymphocyte-rich classical Hodgkins disease: report from the European Task Force on lymphoma project on lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkins disease. J Clin Oncol 1999;17:776-83
76. Quddus F, Armitage JO. Salvage therapy for Hodgkins lymphoma. Cancer J 2009;15(2):161-3
77. Longo DL, Duffey PL, Young RC, et al. Conventional-dose salvage combination chemotherapy in patients relapsing with Hodgkins disease after combination chemotherapy: the low probability for cure. J Clin Oncol 1992;10(2):210-18
78. Josting A, Franklin J, May M, et al. New prognostic score based on treatment outcome of patients with relapsed Hodgkins lymphoma registered in the database of the German Hodgkins lymphoma study group. J Clin Oncol 2002;20(1):221-30
79. Brice P, Bouabdallah R, Moreau P, et al. Prognostic factors for survival after high-dose therapy and autologous stem cell transplantation for patients with relapsing Hodgkins disease: analysis of 280 patients from the French registry. Societe Francaise de Greffe de Moelle. Bone Marrow Transplant 1997;20(1):21-6
80. Josting A, Rudolph C, Mapara M, et al. Cologne high-dose sequential chemotherapy in relapsed and refractory Hodgkin lymphoma: results of a large multicenter study of the German Hodgkin Lymphoma Study Group (GHSG). Ann Oncol 2005;16(1):116-23
81. Moskowitz CH, Nimer SD, Zelenetz AD, et al. A 2-step comprehensive high-dose chemoradiotherapy second-line program for relapsed and refractory Hodgkin disease: analysis by intent to treat and development of a prognostic model. Blood 2001;97(3):616-23
82. Mendler JH, Friedberg JW. Salvage therapy in Hodgkins lymphoma. The Oncologist 2009;14(4):425-32
83. Sirohi B, Cunningham D, Powles R, et al. Long-term outcome of autologous stem-cell transplantation in relapsed or refractory Hodgkins lymphoma. Ann Oncol 2008;19(7):1312-19
84. Linch DC, Winfield D, Goldstone AH, et al. Dose intensification with autologous bone-marrow transplantation in relapsed and resistant Hodgkins disease: results of a BNLI randomized trial. Lancet 1993;341(8852):1051-4
85. Schmitz N, Pfistner B, Sextro M, et al. German Hodgkins Lymphoma Study Group; lymphoma working party of the European Group for blood and marrow transplantation. Aggressive conventional chemotherapy compared with high-dose chemotherapy with autologous haemopoietic stem-cell transplantation for relapsed chemosensitive Hodgkins disease: a randomised trial. Lancet 2002;359(9323):2065-71
86. Ferme C, Mounier N, Divine M, et al. Intensive salvage therapy with high-dose chemotherapy for patients with advanced Hodgkins disease in relapse or failure after initial chemotherapy: results of the Groupe dEtudes des Lymphomes de lAdulte H89 Trial. J Clin Oncol 2002;20(2):467-75
87. Horning SJ, Chao NJ, Negrin RS, et al. High-dose therapy and autologous hematopoietic progenitor cell transplantation for recurrent or refractory Hodgkins disease: analysis of the Stanford University results and prognostic indices. Blood 1997;89(3):801-13
88. Sweetenham JW, Carella AM, Taghipour G, et al. High-dose therapy and autologous stem-cell transplantation for adult patients with Hodgkins disease who do not enter remission after induction chemotherapy: results in 175 patients reported to the European Group for Blood and Marrow Transplantation. Lymphoma Working Party. J Clin Oncol 1999;17(10):3101-9
89. Constans M, Sureda A, Terol MJ, et al. Autologous stem cell transplantation for primary refractory Hodgkins disease: results and clinical variables affecting outcome. Ann Oncol 2003;14(5):745-51
90. Chopra R, McMillan AK, Linch DC, et al. The place of high-dose BEAM therapy and autologous bone marrow transplantation in poor-risk Hodgkins disease. A single-center eight-year study of 155 patients. Blood 1993;81(5):1137-45
91. Stiff PJ, Unger JM, Forman SJ, et al. The value of augmented preparative regimens combined with an autologous bone marrow transplant for the management of relapsed or refractory Hodgkin disease: a Southwest Oncology Group Phase II trial. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2003;9(8):529-39
92. Laport GG. Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation for Hodgkin lymphoma: a concise review. Leuk Lymphoma 2008;49(10):1854-9
93. Akpek G, Ambinder RF, Piantadosi S, et al. Long-term results of blood and marrow transplantation for Hodgkins lymphoma. J Clin Oncol 2001;19(23):4314-21
94. Milpied N, Fielding AK, Pearce RM, et al. Allogeneic bone marrow transplant is not better than autologous transplant for patients with relapsed Hodgkins disease. European Group for Blood and Bone Marrow Transplantation. J Clin Oncol 1996;14:1291-6
95. Sureda A, Robinson S, Canals C, et al. Reduced-intensity conditioning compared with conventional allogeneic stem-cell transplantation in relapsed or refractory Hodgkins lymphoma: an analysis from the Lymphoma Working Party of the European Group for Blood and Marrow Transplantation. J Clin Oncol 2008;26(3):455-62
96. Sarina B, Castagna L, Farina L, et al. Allogeneic transplantation improves the overall and progression-free survival of Hodgkin lymphoma patients relapsing after autologous transplantation: a retrospective study based on the time of HLA typing and donor availability. Blood 2010;115(18):3671-7
97. Devetten MP, Hari PN, Carreras J, et al. Unrelated donor reduced-intensity allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for relapsed and refractory Hodgkin lymphoma. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2009;15(7):804-11
98. Horie R, Watanabe T, Morishita Y, et al. Ligand-independent signaling by overexpressed CD30 drives NF-kappaB activation in Hodgkin-Reed-Sternberg cells. Oncogene 2002;21(16):2493-503
99. Zheng B, Fiumara P, Li YV, et al. MEK/ERK pathway is aberrantly active in Hodgkin disease: a signaling pathway shared by CD30, CD40, and RANK that regulates cell proliferation and survival. Blood 2003;102(3):1019-27
100. Foyil KV, Bartlett NL. Anti-CD30 Antibodies for Hodgkin Lymphoma. Curr Hematol Malig Rep 2010;5(3):140-7
101. Forero-Torres A, Leonard JP, Younes A, et al. A Phase II study of SGN-30 (anti-CD30 mAb) in Hodgkin lymphoma or systemic anaplastic large cell lymphoma. Br J Haematol 2009;146(2):171-9
102. Ansell SM, Horwitz SM, Engert A, et al. Phase I/II study of an anti-CD30 monoclonal antibody (MDX-060) in Hodgkins lymphoma and anaplastic large-cell lymphoma. J Clin Oncol 2007;25(19):2764-9
103. Blum KA, Jung SH, Johnson JL, et al. for the Cancer and Leukemia Group B. Serious pulmonary toxicity in patients with Hodgkins lymphoma with SGN-30, gemcitabine, vinorelbine, and liposomal doxorubicin is associated with an Fc{gamma}RIIIa- 158 V/F polymorphism. Ann Oncol 2010. [Epub ahead of print]
104. Dietlein M, Borner SM, Fischer T, et al. Development of anti-CD30 radioimmunoconstructs (RICs) for treatment of Hodgkins lymphoma. Studies with cell lines and animal studies. Nuklearmedizin 2010;49(3):97-105
105. Fanale M, Bartlett NL, Forero-Torres A, et al. The Antibody-Drug Conjugate Brentuximab Vedotin (SGN-35) Induced Multiple Objective Responses in Patients with Relapsed or Refractory CD30-Positive Lymphomas in a Phase 1 Weekly Dosing Study. Blood (ASH Annual Meeting Abstracts) 2009;114:abstract 2731
106. Younes A, Romaguera J, Hagemeister F, et al. A pilot study of rituximab in patients with recurrent, classic Hodgkin disease. Cancer 2003;98(2):310-14
107. Oki Y, Pro B, Fayad LE, et al. Phase 2 study of gemcitabine in combination with rituximab in patients with recurrent or refractory Hodgkin lymphoma. Cancer 2008;112(4):831-6
108. Schulz H, Rehwald U, Morschhauser F, et al. Rituximab in relapsed lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin lymphoma: long-term results of a phase 2 trial by the German Hodgkin Lymphoma Study Group (GHSG). Blood 2008;111(1):109-11
109. Horning SJ, Bartlett NL, Breslin S, et al. Results of a prospective phase II trial of limited and extended rituximab treatment in nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkins disease (NLPHD). Blood (ASH Annual Meeting Abstracts) 2007;110:abstract 644
110. Bollard CM, Straathof KC, Huls MH, et al. The generation and characterization of LMP2-specific CTLs for use as adoptive transfer from patients with relapsed EBV-positive Hodgkin disease. J Immunother 2004;27(4):317-27
111. Ng AK, Bernardo MP, Weller E, et al. Long-term survival and competing causes of death in patients with early-stage Hodgkins disease treated at age 50 or younger. J Clin Oncol 2002;20(8):2101-8
112. Hancock SL, Hoppe RT, Horning SJ, Rosenberg SA. Intercurrent death after Hodgkin disease therapy in radiotherapy and adjuvant MOPP trials. Ann Intern Med 1988;109(3):183-9
113. Moskowitz CH, Zelenetz A, Schoder H. An update on the role of interim restaging FDG-PET in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and Hodgkin lymphoma. J Natl Compr Canc Netw 2010;8(3):347-52
114. Pazianas M. Macrophages in Hodgkins lymphoma. N Engl J Med 2010;362(22):2135
115. Pfreundschuh MG, Rueffer U, Lathan B, et al. Dexa-BEAM in patients with Hodgkins disease refractory to multidrug chemotherapy regimens: a trial of the German Hodgkins Disease Study Group. J Clin Oncol 1994;12(3):580-6
116. Martin A, Fernandez-Jimenez MC, et al. Long-term follow-up in patients treated with Mini-BEAM as salvage therapy for relapsed or refractory Hodgkins disease. Br J Haematol 2001;113(1):161-71
117. Rodriguez J, Rodriguez MA, Fayad L, et al. ASHAP: a regimen for cytoreduction of refractory or recurrent Hodgkins disease. Blood 1999;93(11):3632-6
118. Santoro A, Magagnoli M, Spina M, et al. Ifosfamide, gemcitabine, and vinorelbine: a new induction regimen for refractory and relapsed Hodgkins lymphoma. Haematologica 2007;92(1):35-41
119. Bartlett NL, Niedzwiecki D, Johnson JL, et al. Cancer Leukemia Group B. Gemcitabine, vinorelbine, and pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (GVD), a salvage regimen in relapsed Hodgkins lymphoma: CALGB 59804. Ann Oncol 2007;18(6):1071-9
120. Kuruvilla J, Nagy T, Pintilie M, et al. Similar response rates and superior early progression-free survival with gemcitabine, dexamethasone, and cisplatin salvage therapy compared with carmustine, etoposide, cytarabine, and melphalan salvage therapy prior to autologous stem cell transplantation for recurrent or refractory Hodgkin lymphoma. Cancer 2006;106(2):353-60