Improving the outcoupling efficiency of indium-tin-oxide-free organic light-emitting diodes via rough internal interfaces

Optics Express

Volumn 18, Issue 104, 2010, Pages A631-A639

  Gerken, Martina ^b   Kaiser, Inga ^a   Hauss, Julian ^a   Lemmer, Uli ^a  

^a KARLSRUHE INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY   (Germany)

^b UNIVERSITY OF KIEL   (Germany)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

INDIUM; INDIUM COMPOUNDS; LIGHT; LIGHT EMISSION; LIGHT EMITTING DIODES; ORGANIC LIGHT EMITTING DIODES (OLED); PHOTORESISTS; SURFACE ROUGHNESS; TIN; TIN OXIDES; WET ETCHING;

AS EXTRACTION; ENHANCED EMISSION; GLASS SUBSTRATES; GUIDED MODES; HIGH INDEX MATERIALS; INDIUM TIN OXIDE; INTERNAL INTERFACES; OUT-COUPLING EFFICIENCY; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE MEASUREMENTS; ROOT MEAN SQUARED; ROUGH INTERFACES; SAND BLASTING; TEXTURED SUBSTRATES; WAVEGUIDE LAYERS;

SUBSTRATES;

EID: 78149449653     PISSN: None     EISSN: 10944087     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1364/OE.18.00A631     Document Type: Article

References (23)

1. F. So, J. Kido, and P. Burrows, “Organic light-emitting devices for solid-state lighting, ” MRS Bull. 33, 663 (2008).
2. S. Reineke, F. Lindner, G. Schwartz, N. Seidler, K. Walzer, B. LUssem, and K. Leo, “White organic light-emitting diodes with fluorescent tube efficiency, ” Nature 459, 234-238 (2009).
3. Y. Sun, N. Giebink, H. Kanno, B. Ma, M. Thompson, and S. Forrest, “Management of singlet and triplet excitons for efficient white organic light-emitting devices, ” Nature 440, 908-912 (2006).
4. W. L. Barnes, “Electromagnetic crystals for surface plasmon polaritons and the extraction of light from emissive devices, ” J. Lightwave Technol. 17, 2170 (1999).
5. K. Saxena, V. K. Jain, and D. Singh, “A review on the light extraction techniques in organic electroluminescent devices, ” Opt. Mater. 32, 221-233 (2009).
6. J.-S. Kim, P. K. H. Ho, N. C. Greenham, and R. H. Friend, “Electroluminescence emission pattern of organic light-emitting diodes: implications for device efficiency calculations, ” J. Appl. Phys. 88, 1073-1081 (2000).
7. S. Nowy, B. Krummacher, J. Frischeisen, N. Reinke, and W. Brutting, “Light extraction and optical loss mechanisms in organic light-emitting diodes: influence of the emitter quantum efficiency, ” J. Appl. Phys. 104, 123109 (2008).
8. G. Gu, D. Garbuzov, P. Burrows, S. Venkatesh, S. Forrest, and M. Thompson, “High-external-quantum-efficiency organic light-emitting devices, ” Opt. Lett. 22, 396-398 (1997).
9. D. K. Gifford and D. G. Hall, “Emission through one of two metal electrodes of an organic light-emitting diode via surface-plasmon cross coupling, ” Appl. Phys. Lett. 81, 4315-4317 (2002).
10. M. Fujita, K. Ishihara, T. Ueno, T. Asano, S. Noda, H. Ohata, T. Tsuji, H. Nakada, and N. Shimoji, “Optical and electrical characteristics of organic light-emitting diodes with two-dimensional photonic crystals in or-ganic/electrode layers, ” Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., Part 1 44, 3669-3677 (2005).
11. Y.-J. Lee, S.-H. Kim, J. Huh, G.-H. Kim, Y.-H. Lee, S.-H. Cho, Y.-C. Kim, and Y. R. Do, “A high-extraction-efficiency nanopatterned organic light-emitting diode, ” Appl. Phys. Lett. 82, 3779 (2003).
12. S. M. Jeong, F. Araoka, Y. Machida, K. Ishikawa, H. Takezoe, S. Nishimura, and G. Suzaki, “Enhancement of normally directed light outcoupling from organic light-emitting diodes using nanoimprinted low-refractive-index layer, ” Appl. Phys. Lett. 92, 83307 (2008).
13. U. Geyer, J. Hauss, B. Riedel, S. Gleiss, U. Lemmer, and M. Gerken, “Large-scale patterning of indium tin oxide electrodes for guided mode extraction from organic light-emitting diodes, ” J. Appl. Phys. 104, 93111 (2008).
14. T. Tsutsui, M. Yahiro, H. Yokogawa, K. Kawano, and M. Yokoyama, “Doubling coupling-out efficiency in organic light-emitting devices using athin silica aerogel layer, ” Adv. Mater. 13, 1149-1152 (2001).
15. Y. Sun and S. R. Forrest, “Enhanced light out-coupling of organic light-emitting devices using embedded low-index grids, ” Nat. Photonics 2, 483-487 (2008).
16. V. Bliznyuk, B. Ruhstaller, P Brock, U. Scherf, and S. Carter, “Self-assembled nanocomposite polymer light-emitting diodes with improved efficiency and luminance, ” Adv. Mater. 11, 1257-1261 (1999).
17. T. Yamasaki, K. Sumioka, and T. Tsutsui, “Organic light-emitting device with an ordered monolayer of silica microspheres as a scattering medium, ” Appl. Phys. Lett. 76, 1243 (2000).
18. S. Moller and S. R. Forrest, “Improved light out-coupling in organic light emitting diodes employing ordered microlens arrays, ” J. Appl. Phys. 91, 3324 (2002).
19. Y.-H. Cheng, J.-L. Wu, C.-H. Cheng, K.-C. Syao, and M.-C. M. Lee, “Enhanced light outcoupling in athin film by texturing meshed surfaces, ” Appl. Phys. Lett. 90, 91102 (2007).
20. S. Chen and H. S. Kwok, “Light extraction from organic light-emitting diodes for lighting applications by sandblasting substrates, ” Opt. Express 18, 37-42 (2010).
21. H. Greiner, “Light extraction from organic light emitting diode substrates: simulation and experiment, ” Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., Part 1 46, 4125 (2007).
22. P. Bienstman, P. Vandersteegen, and R. Baets, “Modelling gratings on either side ofthe substrate for light extraction in light-emitting diodes, ” Opt. Quantum Electron. 39, 797-804 (2007).
23. A. Colsmann, F. Stenzel, G. Balthasar, H. Do, and U. Lemmer, “Plasma patterning of Poly (3, 4-ethylenedioxythiophene): Poly (styrenesulfonate) anodes for efficient polymer solar cells, ” Thin Solid Films 517, 1750(2009).