The use of prolonged peripheral neural blockade after lower extremity amputation: The effect on symptoms associated with phantom limb syndrome

Anesthesia and Analgesia

Volumn 111, Issue 5, 2010, Pages 1308-1315

  Borghi, Battista ^b   D'Addabbo, Marco ^a,b   White, Paul F ^c,d   Gallerani, Pina ^b   Toccaceli, Letizia ^b   Raffaeli, William ^e   Tognù, Andrea ^b   Fabbri, Nicola ^b   Mercuri, Mario ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF BOLOGNA   (Italy)

^b RIZZOLI ORTHOPAEDIC INSTITUTE   (Italy)

^c Policlinic Abano Medical Center   (Italy)

^d CEDARS SINAI MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^e Hospital of Rimini   (Italy)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ELASTOMER; IBUPROFEN; KETOPROFEN; MORPHINE; OXYCODONE; ROPIVACAINE; TRAMADOL;

ABOVE KNEE AMPUTATION; ADULT; AGED; AGNOSIA; AMPUTATION STUMP; ARTICLE; BELOW KNEE AMPUTATION; CATHETER; CLINICAL ASSESSMENT; CLINICAL EVALUATION; CLINICAL TRIAL; CONCENTRATION RESPONSE; CONTINUOUS INFUSION; CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED STUDY; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; DISEASE SEVERITY; DOUBLE BLIND PROCEDURE; HUMAN; INTRAOPERATIVE PERIOD; LEG AMPUTATION; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; NERVE BLOCK; NEUROMUSCULAR BLOCKING; PAIN ASSESSMENT; PATIENT CONTROLLED ANALGESIA; PHANTOM LIMB SYNDROME; PHANTOM PAIN; PHARMACOLOGICAL BLOCKING; POSTOPERATIVE PAIN; POSTOPERATIVE PERIOD; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROSPECTIVE STUDY; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; RATING SCALE; SCIATIC NERVE; SYMPTOM; THERAPY EFFECT; TREATMENT DURATION; VERBAL RATING SCALE; VISUAL ANALOG SCALE;

EID: 78149437730     PISSN: 00032999     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1213/ANE.0b013e3181f4e848     Document Type: Article

References (43)

1. Halbert J, Crotty M, Cameron ID. Evidence for the optimal management of acute and chronic phantom pain: a systematic review. Clin J Pain 2002;18:84-92
2. Manchikanti L, Singh V. Managing phantom pain. Pain Physician 2004;7:365-75
3. Nikolajsen L, Jensen TS. Phantom limb pain. Br J Anaesth 2001;87:107-16
4. Woodhouse A. Phantom limb sensation. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2005;32:132-4
5. Richardson C, Glenn S, Nurmikko T, Horgan M. Incidence of phantom phenomena including phantom limb pain 6 months after major lower limb amputation in patients with peripheral vascular disease. Clin J Pain 2006;22:353-8
6. Steffen P. Phantom limb pain [in German]. Anasthesiol Intensivmed Notfallmed Schmerzther 2006;41:378-86
7. Rajbhandari SM, Jarett JA, Griffiths PD, Ward JD. Diabetic neuropathic pain in a leg amputated 44 years previously. Pain 1999;83:627-9
8. Houghton AD, Nicholls G, Houghton AL, Saadah E, McColl L. Phantom limb, phantom pain and stump pain in amputees during the first 6 months following limb amputation. Pain 1983;17:243-56
9. Dijkstra PU, Geertzen JH, Stewart R, van der Schans CP. Phantom pain and risk factors: a multivariate analysis. J Pain Symptom Manage 2002;24:578-85
10. Ephraim PL, Wegener ST, MacKenzie EJ, Dillingham TR, Pezzin LE. Phantom pain, residual limb pain, and back pain in amputees: results of a national survey. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2005;86:1910-9
11. Nikolajsen L, Ilkjaer S, Krøner K, Christensen JH, Jensen TS. The influence of preamputation pain on postamputation stump and phantom pain. Pain 1997;72:393-405
12. Uǧur F, Akin A, Esmaoǧlu A, Doǧ ru K, Ors S, Aydoǧan H, Gülcü N, Boyaci A. Comparison of phantom limb pain or phantom extremity sensation of upper and lower extremity amputations. Agri 2007;19:50-6
13. Katz J. Phantom limb pain. Lancet 1997;350:1338-9
14. Lambert AW, Dashfield AK, Cosgrove C, Wilkins DC, Walker AJ, Ashley S. Randomized prospective study comparing preoperative epidural and intraoperative perineural analgesia for the prevention of postoperative stump and phantom limb pain following major amputation. Reg Anesth Pain Med 2001;26:316-21
15. di Benedetto P, Bertini L, Casati A, Borghi B, Albertin A, Fanelli G. A new posterior approach to the sciatic nerve block: a prospective, randomized comparison with the classic posterior approach. Anesth Analg 2001;93:1040-4
16. Chayen D, Nathan H, Chayen M. The psoas compartment block. Anesthesiology 1976;45:95-9
17. MacIver K, Lloyd DM, Kelly S, Roberts N, Nurmikko T. Phantom limb pain, cortical reorganization and the therapeutic effect of mental imagery. Brain 2008;131:2181-91
18. Morey TE, Giannoni J, Duncan E, Scarborough MT, Enneking FK. Nerve sheath catheter analgesia after amputation. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2002;397:281-9
19. Lakshmi M, Scott S, Robert B. The efficacy of postoperative perineural infusion of bupivacaine and clonidine after lower extremity amputation in preventing phantom limb pain and stump pain. J Clin Anesth 2007;19:226-9
20. Jensen TS, Krebs B, Nielsen J, Rasmussen P. Immediate and long-term phantom limb pain in amputees: incidence, clinical characteristics and relationship to pre-amputation pain. Pain 1985;21:267-78
21. Bach S, Noreng MF, Tjellden NU. Phantom limb pain in amputees during the first 12 months following limb amputation, after preoperative lumbar epidural blockade. Pain 1988;33:297-301
22. Jahangiri M, Jayatunga AP, Bradley JW, Dark CH. Prevention of phantom pain after major lower limb amputation by epidural infusion of diamorphine, clonidine and bupivacaine. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 1994;76:324-6
23. Katsuly-Liapis I, Georgakis P, Tierry C. Preemptive extradural analgesia reduces the incidence of phantom pain in lower limb amputees [abstract]. Br J Anaesth 1996;76:125
24. Katz J. Prevention of phantom limb pain by regional anaesthesia. Lancet 1997;349:519-20
25. Gehling M, Tryba M. Prophylaxis of phantom pain: is regional analgesia ineffective? [in German] Schmerz 2003;17:11-9
26. Nikolajsen L, Ilkjaer S, Christensen JH, Krøner K, Jensen TS. Randomised trial of epidural bupivacaine and morphine in prevention of stump and phantom pain in lower-limb amputation. Lancet 1997;350:1353-7
27. Nikolajsen L, Ilkjaer S, Jensen TS. Effect of preoperative extradural bupivacaine and morphine on stump sensation in lower limb amputees. Br J Anaesth 1998;81:348-54
28. Sun T, Sacan O, White PF, Coleman J, Rohrich RJ, Kenkel JM. Perioperative vs. postoperative celecoxib on patient outcomes after major plastic surgery procedures. Anesth Analg 2008;106:950-8
29. Fisher A, Meller Y. Continuous postoperative regional analgesia by nerve sheath block for amputation surgery: a pilot study. Anesth Analg 1991;72:300-3
30. Enneking FK, Scarborough MT, Radson EA. Local anesthetic infusion through nerve sheath catheters for analgesia following upper extremity amputation: clinical report. Reg Anesth 1997;22:351-6
31. Kiefer RT, Wiech K, Töpfner S, Haerle M, Schaller HE, Unertl K, Birbaumer N. Continuous brachial plexus analgesia and NMDA-receptor blockade in early phantom limb pain: a report of two cases. Pain Med 2002;3:156-60
32. Madabhushi L, Reuben SS, Steinberg RB, Adesioye J. The efficacy of postoperative perineural infusion of bupivacaine and clonidine after lower extremity amputation in preventing phantom limb and stump pain. J Clin Anesth 2007;19:226-9
33. Pinzur MS, Garla PG, Pluth T, Vrbos L. Continuous postoperative infusion of a regional anesthetic after an amputation of the lower extremity: a randomized clinical trial. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1996;78:1501-5
34. Hayes C, Armstrong-Brown A, Burstal R. Perioperative intravenous ketamine infusion for the prevention of persistent post-amputation pain: a randomized, controlled trial. Anaesth Intensive Care 2004;32:330-8
35. Nikolajsen L, Finnerup NB, Kramp S, Vimtrup AS, Keller J, Jensen TS. A randomized study of the effects of gabapentin on postamputation pain. Anesthesiology 2006;105:1008-15
36. Nikolajsen L, Hansen CL, Nielsen J, Keller J, Arendt-Nielsen L, Jensen TS. The effect of ketamine on phantom pain: a central neuropathic disorder maintained by peripheral input. Pain 1996;67:69-77
37. Nikolajsen L, Hansen PO, Jensen TS. Oral ketamine therapy in the treatment of postamputation stump pain. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 1997;4:427-9
38. Nikolajsen L, Gottrup H, Kristensen AG, Jensen TS. Memantine (a N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist) in the treatment of neuropathic pain after amputation or surgery: a randomized, double-blinded, cross-over study. Anesth Analg 2000;91:960-6
39. Borghi A, Bugamelli S, Stagni G, Missiroli M, Genco R, Colizza MT. Perineural infusion of 0.5% ropivacaine for successful treatment of phantom limb syndrome: a case report. Minerva Anestesiol 2009;75:661-4
40. Chelly JE, Williams BA. Continuous perineural infusions at home: narrowing the focus. Reg Anesth Pain Med 2004;29:1-3
41. Ilfeld BM, Enneking FK. Continuous peripheral nerve blocks at home: a review. Anesth Analg 2005;100:1822-33
42. Macaire P, Gaertner E, Capdevila X. Continuous postoperative regional analgesia at home. Minerva Anestesiol 2001;67:109-16
43. White PF, Kehlet H, Neal JM, Schricker T, Carr DB, Carli F; Fast-Track Surgery Study Group. The role of the anesthesiologist in fast-track surgery: from multimodal analgesia to perioperative medical care. Anesth Analg 2007;104:1380-96