Influence of inclination error in sedimentary rocks on the Triassic and Jurassic apparent pole wander path for North America and implications for Cordilleran tectonics

Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth

Volumn 115, Issue 10, 2010, Pages

  Kent, Dennis V ^a,b   Irving, Edward ^c  

^a RUTGERS UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences   (United States)

^c GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

APPARENT POLAR WANDER PATH; CRATON; CRETACEOUS; EOCENE; ERROR ANALYSIS; JURASSIC; MAGNETIC INCLINATION; PALEOLATITUDE; PALEOMAGNETISM; PLATE TECTONICS; SEDIMENTARY ROCK; TECTONIC RECONSTRUCTION; TERRANE; TRIASSIC;

CANADA; CANADIAN CORDILLERA; NORTH AMERICA;

EID: 78149378407     PISSN: 21699313     EISSN: 21699356     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/2009JB007205     Document Type: Article

References (214)

1. Aberhan, M. (1999), Terrane history of the Canadian Cordillera: Estimating amounts of latitudinal displacement of Wrangellia and Stikinia, Geol. Mag., 136, 481-492, doi:10.1017/S001675689900299X. (Pubitemid 30024843)
2. Ague, J. J., and M. T. Brandon (1996), Regional tilt of the Mount Stuart batholith, Washington, hornblende barometry: Implications for northward translation of Baja British Columbia, Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 108, 471-488, doi:10.1130/0016-7606(1996)108<0471:RTOTMS>2.3.CO;2.
3. Anson, G. L., and K. P. Kodama (1987), Compaction-induced inclination shallowing of the post-depositional remanent magnetization in a synthetic sediment, Geophys. J. R. Astron. Soc., 88, 673-692.
4. 39Ar evidence for separate episodes of basaltic magmatism, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 151, 139-153, doi:10.1016/S0012-821X(97)81844-4.
5. Bardon, C., A. Bossert, R. Hamzeh, and M. Westphal (1973), Etude paleo-magnetique de formations du Trias et du Jurassique du Maroc et du Sahara, C. R. Acad. Sci., 276, 2357-2360.
6. Bazard, D. R., and R. G. Butler (1994), Paleomagnetism of the Brushy Basin Member of the Morrison Formation: Implications for Jurassic apparent polar wander, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 6695-6710, doi:10.1029/93JB03208. (Pubitemid 24427081)
7. Beck, M. E., and B. A. Housen (2003), Absolute velocity of North America during the Mesozoic from paleomagnetic data, Tectonophysics, 377, 33-54, doi:10.1016/j.tecto.2003.08.018. (Pubitemid 38043155)
8. Beck, M. E., and L. Noson (1972), Anomalous paleolatitudes in Cretaceous granitic rocks, Nature, 235, 11-13.
9. Beck, M. E., R. F. Burmester, and R. Schoonover (1981), Paleomagnetism and tectonics of the Cretaceous Mt. Stuart Batholith of Washington: Translation or tilt?, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 56, 336-342, doi:10.1016/0012821X(81)90138- 2.
10. Besse, J., and V. Courtillot (1991), Revised and synthetic apparent polar wander paths of the African, Eurasian, North American and Indian plates and true polar wander since 200 Ma, J. Geophys. Res., 96, 4029-4050, doi:10.1029/90JB01916.
11. Besse, J., and V. Courtillot (2002), Apparent and true polar wander and the geometry of the geomagnetic field over the last 200 Myr, J. Geophys. Res., 107(B11), 2300, doi:10.1029/2000JB000050.
12. Bryan, P., and R. G. Gordon (1990), Rotation of the Colorado Plateau: An updated analysis of paleomagnetic poles, Geophys. Res. Lett., 17, 1501-1504, doi:10.1029/GL017i010p01501.
13. Bucker, C., A. Schult, W. Bloch, and S. D. C. Guerreiro (1986), Rockmag-netism and paleomagnetism of an Early Cretaceous-Late Jurassic dike swarm in Rio Grande Do Norte, Brazil, Z. Geophys., 60, 129-135.
14. Bullard, E. C., J. E. Everett, and A. G. Smith (1965), A symposium on continental drift. IV. The fit of the continents around the Atlantic, Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London, Ser. A, 258, 41-51, doi:10.1098/rsta.1965.0020.
15. Burchfiel, B. C., and G. A. Davis (1972), Structural framework and structural evolution of the southern part of the Cordilleran orogen, western United States, Am. J. Sci., 272, 97-118.
16. Burchfiel, B. C., and G. A. Davis (1975), Nature and controls of Cordille-ran orogenesis, western United States: Extension of an earlier synthesis, Am. J. Sci., A275, 363-396.
17. Butler, R. F., G. E. Gehrels, W. C. McClelland, S. R. May, and D. Klepacki (1989), Discordant paleomagnetic poles from the Canadian Coast Plutonic Complex: Regional tilt rather than large-scale displacement?, Geology, 17, 691-694, doi:10.1130/0091-7613(1989)017<0691:DPPFTC>2.3.CO;2.
18. Butler, R. F., S. R. May, and D. R. Bazard (1992), Comment on "High-latitude paleomagnetic poles from Middle Jurassic plutons and moat volcanics in New England and the controversy regarding Jurassic Apparent polar wander for North America" by M.C. Van Fossen and D.V. Kent, J. Geophys. Res., 97, 1801-1802, doi:10.1029/91JB02745.
19. Bylund, G., and E. Halvorsen (1993), Palaeomagnetic study of Mesozoic basalts from Scania, southernmost Sweden, Geophys. J. Int., 114, 138-144, doi:10.1111/j.1365-246X.1993.tb01473.x.
20. Cande, S. C, and D. V. Kent (1995), Revised calibration of the geomagnetic polarity time scale for the Late Cretaceous and Cenozoic, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 6093-6095, doi:10.1029/94JB03098.
21. Carlut, J., and V. Courtillot (1998), How complex is the time-averaged geomagnetic field over the past 5 Myr?, Geophys. J. Int., 134, 527-544, doi:10.1046/j.1365-246x.1998.00577.x. (Pubitemid 28472612)
22. Carporzen, L., and S. A. Gilder (2006), Evidence for coeval Late Triassic terrestrial impacts from the Rochechouart (France) meteorite crater, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L19308, doi:10.1029/2006GL027356. (Pubitemid 46535054)
23. Chamberlain, V. E., and R. S. J. Lambert (1985), Cordilleria, a newly defined Canadian microcontinent, Nature, 314, 707-713, doi:10.1038/314707a0.
24. Channell, J. E. T. (1996), Palaeomagnetism and palaeogeography of Adria, in Palaeomagnetism and Tectonics of the Mediterranean Region, edited by A. Morris and D. H. Tarling, Geol. Soc. Spec. Publ, 105, 119-132.
25. Cogné, J. P. (2003), PaleoMac: A Macintosh™ application for treating paleomagnetic data and making plate reconstructions, Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 4(1), 1007, doi:10.1029/2001GC000227.
26. Coney, P. J. (1971), Cordilleran tectonic transitions and motion of the North American plate, Nature, 233, 462-465, doi:10.1038/233462a0.
27. Coney, P. J., D. L. Jones, and J. W. H. Monger (1980), Cordilleran suspect terranes, Nature, 288, 329-333, doi:10.1038/288329a0.
28. Courtillot, V., and J. Besse (2004), A long-term octupolar component in the geomagnetic field? (0-200 million years B.P.), in Timescales of the Paleomagnetic Field, Geophys. Monogr. Ser., vol. 145, edited by J. E. T. Channell et al., pp. 59-74, AGU, Washington, D. C.
29. Courtillot, V., J. Besse, and H. Theveniaut (1994), North American Jurassic apparent polar wander: The answer from other continents?, Phys. Earth Planet. Inter., 82, 87-104, doi:10.1016/0031-9201(94)90082-5.
30. Creer, K. M., E. Irving, and S. K. Runcorn (1954), The direction of the geomagnetic field in remote epochs in Great Britain, J. Geomagn. Geoelectr., 6, 163-168.
31. Creer, K. M., E. Irving, and S. K. Runcorn (1957), Geophysical interpretation of paleomagnetic directions from Great Britain, Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London, Ser. A, 250, 144-156, doi:10.1098/rsta.1957.0017.
32. Creer, K. M., B. J. J. Embleton, and D. A. Valencio (1970), Triassic and Permo-Triassic palaeomagnetic data for S. America, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 8, 173-178, doi:10.1016/0012-821X(70)90169-X.
33. Dalrymple, G. B., C. S. Grommé, and R. W. White (1975), Potassium-argon age and paleomagnetism of diabase dikes in Liberia: Initiation of central Atlantic rifting, Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 86, 399-411, doi:10.1130/0016-7606(1975)86<399:PAAPOD>2.0.CO;2.
34. Deckart, K., G. Feraud, and H. Bertrand (1997), Age of Jurassic continental tholeiites of French Guyana, Surinam and Guinea: Implications for the initial opening of the central Atlantic Ocean, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 150, 205-220, doi:10.1016/S0012-821X(97)00102-7.
35. Dewey, J. F., and J. M. Bird (1970), Mountain belts and the new global tectonics, J. Geophys. Res., 75, 2625-2647, doi:10.1029/JB075i014p02625.
36. Dickinson, W. R. (1977), Paleozoic plate tectonics and the evolution of the Cordilleran continental margin, in Paleozoic Paleogeography of the Western United States, edited by J. H. Stewart, C. H. Stevens, and A. E. Fritsche, pp. 137-156, Soc. of Econ. Paleontol. and Mineral., Pac. Sect., Los Angeles, Calif.
37. Diehl, J. F., M. E. Beck, S. Beske-Diehl, D. Jacobsen, and B. C. Hearn (1983), Paleomagnetism of the Late Cretaceous-early Tertiary north central Montana alkalic province, J. Geophys. Res., 88, 10,593-10,609, doi:10.1029/JB088iB12p10593.
38. Duncan, R. A., P. R. Hooper, J. Rehacek, J. G. Marsh, and A. R. Duncan (1997), The timing and duration of the Karoo igneous event, southern Gondwana, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 18,127-18,138, doi:10.1029/97JB00972.
39. Dunning, G. R., and J. P. Hodych (1990), U/Pb zircon and baddeleyite ages for the Palisades and Gettysburg sills of the northeastern United States: Implications for the age of the Triassic/Jurassic boundary, Geology, 18, 795-798, doi:10.1130/0091-7613(1990)018<0795:UPZABA>2.3.CO;2.
40. Encarnación, J., T. H. Fleming, D. H. Elliot, and H. V. Eales (1996), Synchronous emplacement of Ferrar and Karoo dolerites and the early breakup of Gondwana, Geology, 24, 535-538, doi:10.1130/0091-7613(1996) 024<0535:SEOFAK>2.3.CO;2.
41. Enkin, R. J. (2006), Paleomagnetism and the case for Baja British Columbia, in Paleogeography of the North American Cordillera: Evidence For and Against Large-Scale Displacements, edited by J. Haggart, R. J. Enkin, and J. W. H. Monger, Geol. Assoc. Can. Spec. Pap., 46, 233-253.
42. Enkin, R. J., and G. S. Watson (1996), Statistical analysis of palaeomagnetic inclination data, Geophys. J. Int., 126, 495-504, doi:10.1111/j.1365-246X.1996.tb05305.x.
43. Enkin, R. J., J. Baker, and P. S. Mustard (2001), Paleomagnetism of the Upper Cretaceous Nanaimo Group, southwestern Canadian Cordillera, Can. J. Earth Sci., 38, 1403-1422, doi:10.1139/cjes-38-10-1403. (Pubitemid 33098587)
44. Enkin, R. J., J. B. Mahoney, J. Baker, J. Riesterer, and M. L. Haskin (2003), Deciphering shallow paleomagnetic inclinations: 2. Implications from Late Cretaceous strata overlapping the Insular/Intermontane Super-terrane boundary in the southern Canadian Cordillera, J. Geophys. Res., 108(B4), 2186, doi:10.1029/2002JB001983.
45. Enkin, R. J., J. B. Mahoney, and J. Baker (2006), Paleomagnetic signature of the Silverquick/Powell Creek succession, south-central British Columbia: Reaffirmation of Late Cretaceous large-scale terrane translation, in Paleogeography of the North American Cordillera: Evidence for and Against Large-Scale Displacements, edited by J. W. Haggart, R. J. Enkin, and J. W. H. Monger, Geol. Assoc. Can. Spec. Pap., 46, 201-220.
46. Ernesto, M., G. Bellieni, E. M. Piccirillo, L. S. Marques, A. D. Min, I. G. Pacca, G. Martins, and J. W. P. Macedo (2003), Paleomagnetic and geo-chemical constraints on the timing and duration of the CAMP activity in northeastern Brazil, in The Central Atlantic Magmatic Province: Insights from Fragments of Pangea, Geophys. Monogr. Ser., vol. 136, edited by W. E. Hames et al., pp. 129-149, AGU, Washington, D. C.
47. Furin, S., N. Preto, M. Rigo, G. Roghi, P. Gianolla, J. L. Crowley, and S. A. Bowring (2006), High-precision U-Pb zircon age from the Triassic of Italy: Implications for the Triassic time scale and the Carnian origin of calcareous nannoplankton and dinosaurs, Geology, 34, 1009-1012, doi:10.1130/G22967A.1. (Pubitemid 44932745)
48. Gabrielse, H., and C. J. Yorath (Eds.) (1992), The Geology of North America, vol. G-2, Geology of the Cordilleran Orogen in Canada, 844 pp., Geol. Soc. of Am., Boulder, Colo.
49. Garcés, M., J. M. Parés, and L. Cabrera (1996), Further evidence for inclination shallowing in red beds, Geophys. Res. Lett., 23, 2065-2068, doi:10.1029/96GL02060.
50. Gilder, S., Y. Chen, J. Cogné, X. Tan, V. Courtillot, D. Sun, and Y. Li (2003), Paleomagnetism of Upper Jurassic to Lower Cretaceous volcanic and sedimentary rocks from the western Tarim Basin and implications for inclination shallowing and absolute dating of the M-O (ISEA?) chron, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 206, 587-600, doi:10.1016/S0012-821X(02)01074-9. (Pubitemid 36199323)
51. Girdler, R. W. (1968), A paleomagnetic investigation of some late Triassic and early Jurassic volcanic rocks from the northern Pyrenees, Ann. Geophys., 24, 695-708.
52. Globerman, B. R., and E. Irving (1988), Mid-Cretaceous paleomagnetic reference field for North America: Restudy of 100 Ma intrusive rocks from Arkansas, J. Geophys. Res., 93, 11,721-11,733, doi:10.1029/JB093iB10p11721.
53. Gordon, R. G., A. Cox, and S. O'Hare (1984), Paleomagnetic Euler poles and the apparent polar wander and absolute motion of North America since the Carboniferous, Tectonics, 3, 499-537, doi:10.1029/TC003i005p00499.
54. Gradstein, F. M., F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang (1994), A Mesozoic time scale, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 24,051-24,074, doi:10.1029/94JB01889.
55. Gradstein, F. M., J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith (Eds.) (2004), A Geologic Time Scale 2004, 589 pp., Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, U. K.
56. Greene, A. R., J. S. Scoates, D. Weis, G. T. Nixon, and B. Kieffer (2009), Melting history and magmatic evolution of basalts and picrites from the accreted Wrangellia oceanic plateau, Vancouver Island, Canada, J. Petrol., 50(3), 467-505, doi:10.1093/petrology/egp008.
57. Griffiths, D. H., R. F. King, and A. E. Wright (1957), Some field and laboratory studies of the depositional remanence of recent sediments, Adv. Phys., 6, 306316 doi:10.1080/00018735700101326.
58. Grunow, A. M., I. W. D. Dalziel, and D. V. Kent (1987), Ellsworth-Whitmore Mountains Crustal Block, Western Antarctica: New paleomagnetic results and their tectonic significance, in Gondwana Six: Structure, Tectonics and Geophysics, Geophys. Monogr. Ser., vol. 40, edited by G. D. McKenzie, pp. 161-171, AGU, Washington, D. C.
59. Gunderson, J. A., and S. D. Sheriff (1991), A new Late Cretaceous paleomagnetic pole from the Adel Mountains, west central Montana, J. Geophys. Res., 96, 317-326, doi:10.1029/90JB01963.
60. Hagstrum, J. T. (1993), North American Jurassic APW: The current dilemma, Eos Trans. AGU, 74, 65, 68-69, doi:10.1029/93EO00085.
61. Hagstrum, J. T., and P. W. Lipman (1991), Paleomagnetism of three Upper Jurassic ash-flow sheets in southeastern Arizona: Implications for regional deformation, Geophys. Res. Lett., 18, 1413-1416, doi:10.1029/91GL01805.
62. Hagstrum, J. T., P. W. Lipman, and D. A. Sawyer (1994), Paleomagnetism, stratigraphy, and petrology of the Upper Cretaceous Roskruge Volca-nics at Bell Mountain, southeast Arizona, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 15,097-15,102, doi:10.1029/94JB00802.
63. Hailwood, E. A., and J. G. Mitchell (1971), Palaeomagnetic and radiometric dating results from Jurassic intrusions in south Morocco, Geophys. J. R. Astron. Soc., 24, 351-364.
64. Halvorsen, E. (1989), A paleomagnetic pole position of Late Jurassic/Early Cretaceous dolerites from Hinlopenstretet, Svalbard, and its tectonic implications, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 94, 398-408, doi:10.1016/0012-821X(89)90156-8.
65. Hames, W. E., P. R. Renne, and C. Ruppel (2000), New evidence for geologically instantaneous emplacement of earliest Jurassic central Atlantic magmatic province basalts on the North American margin, Geology, 28, 859-862, doi:10.1130/0091-7613(2000)28<859:NEFGIE>2.0.CO;2.
66. Hamilton, W. (1988), Laramide crustal shortening, in Interaction of the Rocky Mountain Foreland and the Cordilleran Thrust Belt, Geol. Soc. Am. Mem., 171, 27-39.
67. Hargraves, R. B. (1989), Paleomagnetism of Mesozoic kimberlites in southern Africa and the Cretaceous apparent polar wander curve for Africa, J. Geophys. Res., 94, 1851-1866, doi:10.1029/JB094iB02p01851.
68. Hargraves, R. B., J. Rehacek, and P. R. Hooper (1997), Palaeomagnetism of the Karoo igneous rocks in southern Africa, S. Afr. J. Geol., 100, 195-212.
69. Hargraves, R. B., J. C. Briden, and B. A. Daniels (1999), Palaeomagnetism and magnetic fabric in the Freetown Complex, Sierra Leone, Geophys. J. Int., 136, 705-713, doi:10.1046/j.1365-246x.1999.00760.x. (Pubitemid 29218840)
70. Haskin, M. L., R. J. Enkin, J. B. Mahoney, P. S. Mustard, and J. Baker (2003), Deciphering shallow paleomagnetic inclinations: 1. Implications from correlation of Albian volcanic rocks along the Insular/Intermontane Superterrane boundary in the southern Canadian Cordillera, J. Geophys. Res., 108(B4), 2185, doi:10.1029/2002JB001982.
71. Hildebrand, R. S. (2009), Did westward subduction cause Cretaceous-Tertiary orogeny in the North American Cordillera?, Spec. Pap. Geol. Soc. Am. 457, 71 pp., doi:10.1130/2009.2457.
72. Hillhouse, J. (1977), Paleomagnetism of the Triassic Nikolai Greenstone, south-central Alaska, Can. J. Earth Sci., 14, 2578-2592, doi:10.1139/e77-223.
73. Hillhouse, J. W., and C. S. Gromme (1984), Northward displacement and accretion of Wrangellia: New paleomagnetic evidence from Alaska, J. Geophys. Res., 89, 4461-4477, doi:10.1029/JB089iB06p04461.
74. Hodych, J. P., and G. R. Dunning (1992), Did the Manicouagan impact trigger end-of-Triassic mass extinction?, Geology, 20, 51-54, doi:10.1130/0091-7613(1992)020<0051:DTMITE>2.3.CO;2.
75. Housen, B. A., et al. (2003), Paleomagnetism of the Mount Stuart batholith revisited again: What has been learned since 1972?, Am. J. Sci., 303, 263-299, doi:10.2475/ajs.303.4.263.
76. Iglesia Llanos, M. P., R. Lanza, A. C. Riccardi, S. Geuna, M. A. Laurenzi, and R. Ruffini (2003), Palaeomagnetic study of the El Quemado complex and Marifil formation, Patagonian Jurassic igneous province, Argentina, Geophys. J. Int., 154, 599-617, doi:10.1046/j.1365-246X.2003.01923.x. (Pubitemid 37135115)
77. Irving, E. (1967), Evidence for paleomagnetic inclination error in sediment, Nature, 213, 483-484, doi:10.1038/213483a0.
78. Irving, E. (1977), Drift of the major continental blocks since the Devonian, Nature, 270, 304-309, doi:10.1038/270304a0.
79. Irving, E. (1979), Paleopoles and paleolatitudes of North America and speculations about displaced terrains, Can. J. Earth Sci., 16, 669-694, doi:10.1139/e79-065.
80. Irving, E. (1985), Whence British Columbia, Nature, 314, 673-674, doi:10.1038/314673a0.
81. Irving, E., and M. T. Brandon (1990), Paleomagnetism of the Flores volca-nics, Vancouver Island, in place by Eocene time, Can. J. Earth Sci., 27, 811-817.
82. Irving, E., and G. A. Irving (1982), Apparent polar wander paths Carboniferous through Cenozoic and the assembly of Gondwana, Geophys. Surv., 5, 141-188, doi:10.1007/BF01453983.
83. Irving, E., and A. Major (1964), Post-depositional remanent magnetization in a synthetic sediment, Sedimentology, 3, 135-143, doi:10.1111/j.1365-3091. 1964.tb00638.x.
84. Irving, E., and J. W. H. Monger (1987), Preliminary paleomagnetic results from the Permian Asitka Group, British Columbia, Can. J. Earth Sci., 24, 1490-1497, doi:10.1139/e87-141.
85. Irving, E., and P. J. Wynne (1990), Palaeomagnetic evidence bearing on the evolution of the Canadian Cordillera, Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London, 331(1620), 487-509, doi:10.1098/rsta.1990.0085.
86. Irving, E., and R. W. Yole (1972), Paleomagnetism and the kinematic history of mafic and ultramafic rock in folded mountain belts, Publ. Earth Phys. Br., 42, 87-95.
87. Irving, E., and R. W. Yole (1987), Tectonic rotations and translations in Western Canada - New evidence from Jurassic rocks of Vancouver Island, Geophys. J. R. Astron. Soc., 91, 1025-1048.
88. Irving, E., G. J. Woodsworth, P. J. Wynne, and A. Morrison (1985), Paleo-magnetic evidence for displacement from the south of the Coast Plutonic Complex, British Columbia, Can. J. Earth Sci., 22, 584-598.
89. Irving, E., D. J. Thorkelson, P. M. Wheadon, and R. J. Enkin (1995), Paleomagnetism of the Spences Bridge Group and northward displacement of the Intermontane Belt, British Columbia: A second look, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 6057-6071, doi:10.1029/94JB03012.
90. Irving, E., P. J. Wynne, D. J. Thorkelson, and P. Schiariozza (1996), Large (1000 to 4000 km) northward movements of tectonic domains in the northern Cordillera, 83 to 45 Ma, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 17, 901-17, 916, doi:10.1029/96JB01181.
91. Johnson, E. A., T. Murphy, and O. W. Torreson (1948), Pre-history of the Earth's magnetic field, Terr. Magn. Atmos. Electr., 53, 349-372, doi:10.1029/TE053i004p00349.
92. Johnston, S. T. (2001), The Great Alaskan Terrane Wreck: Reconciliation of paleomagnetic and geological data in the Northern Cordillera, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 193, 259-272, doi:10.1016/S0012-821X(01)00516-7. (Pubitemid 34054512)
93. Johnston, S. T. (2008), The Cordilleran ribbon continent of North America, Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci., 36, 495-530, doi:10.1146/annurev.earth. 36.031207.124331. (Pubitemid 351883483)
94. Johnston, S. T., and G. D. Borel (2007), The odyssey of the Cache Creek terrane, Canadian Cordillera: Implications for accretionary orogens: Tectonic setting of Panthalassa, the Pacific superwell, and break-up of Pangea, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 253, 415-428, doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2006.11.002. (Pubitemid 46050393)
95. Kent, D. V. (1973), Post-depositional remanent magnetisation in deep-sea sediment, Nature, 246, 32-34, doi:10.1038/246032a0.
96. Kent, D. V., and P. E. Olsen (1997), Paleomagnetism of Upper Triassic continental sedimentary rocks from the Dan River-Danville rift basin (eastern North America), Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. 109, 366-377, doi:10.1130/0016-7606(1997) 109<0366:POUTCS>2.3.CO;2.
97. Kent, D. V., and P. E. Olsen (1999), Astronomically tuned geomagnetic polarity time scale for the Late Triassic, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 12, 831-12, 841, doi:10.1029/1999JB900076.
98. Kent, D. V., and P. E. Olsen (2008), Early Jurassic magneto stratigraphy and paleolatitudes from the Hartford continental rift basin (eastern North America): Testing for polarity bias and abrupt polar wander in association with the Central Atlantic Magmatic Province, J. Geophys. Res., 113, B06105, doi:10.1029/2007JB005407.
99. Kent, D. V., and M. A. Smethurst (1998), Shallow bias of paleomagnetic inclinations in the Paleozoic and Precambrian, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 160, 391-402, doi:10.1016/S0012-821X(98)00099-5. (Pubitemid 29105708)
100. Kent, D. V., and L. Tauxe (2005), Corrected Late Triassic latitudes for continents adjacent to the North Atlantic, Science, 307, 240-244, doi:10.1126/science.1105826. (Pubitemid 40116235)
101. Kent, D. V., and W. K. Witte (1993), Slow apparent polar wander for North America in the Late Triassic and large Colorado Plateau rotation, Tectonics, 12, 291-300, doi:10.1029/92TC01966.
102. King, R. F. (1955), The remanent magnetism of artificially deposited sediment, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. Geophys. Suppl., 7, 115-134.
103. Klitgord, K. D., and H. Schouten (1986), Plate kinematics of the central Atlantic, in The Geology of North America, vol. M, The Western North Atlantic Region, edited by B. E. Tucholke and P. R. Vogt, pp. 351-378, Geol. Soc. of Am., Boulder, Colo.
104. 39 Ar evidence from Morocco for brief, episodic volcanism, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 228, 143-160, doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2004.09.022. (Pubitemid 39499930)
105. Kodama, K. P. (1997), A successful rock magnetic technique for correcting paleomagnetic inclination shallowing: Case study of the Nacimiento Formation, New Mexico, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 5193-5205, doi:10.1029/96JB03833.
106. Kowallis, B. J., E. H. Christiansen, A. L. Deino, F. Peterson, C. E. Turner, M. J. Kunk, and J. D. Obradovich (1998), The age of the Morrison Formation, Mod. Geol., 22, 235-260.
107. Krijgsman, W., and L. Tauxe (2004), Shallow bias in Mediterranean paleomagnetic directions caused by inclination error, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 222, 685-695, doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2004.03.007. (Pubitemid 38673407)
108. Krijgsman, W., and L. Tauxe (2006), E/I corrected paleolatitudes for the sedimentary rocks of the Baja British Columbia hypothesis, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 242, 205-216, doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2005.11.052. (Pubitemid 43140656)
109. Lanza, R., and E. Zanella (1993), Palaeomagnetism of the Ferrar dolerite in the northern Prince Albert Mountains (Victoria Land, Antarctica), Geophys. J. Int., 114, 501-511, doi:10.1111/j.1365-246X.1993.tb06983.x.
110. Lapointe, P. L. (1979), Paleomagnetism of the Notre Dame Bay lamphro-phyre dikes, Newfoundland, and the opening of the North Atlantic Ocean, Can. J. Earth Sci., 16, 1823-1831.
111. Larochelle, A. (1967), Palaeomagnetic directions of a basic sill in Prince Edward Island, Geol. Surv. Can. Pap., 67-39, 1-6.
112. Larochelle, A., and K. L. Currie (1967), Paleomagnetic study of igneous rocks from the Manicouagan Structure, Quebec, J. Geophys. Res., 72, 4163-4169, doi:10.1029/JZ072i016p04163.
113. Lehrmann, D. J., J. Ramezani, S. A. Bowring, M. W. Martin, P. Montgomery, P. Enos, J. L. Payne, M. J. Orchard, W. Hongmei, and W. Jiayong (2006), Timing of recovery from the end-Permian extinction: Geochrono-logic and biostratigraphic constraints from south China, Geology, 34, 1053-1056, doi:10.1130/G22827A.1. (Pubitemid 44932756)
114. Lottes, A. L., and D. B. Rowley (1990), Reconstruction of the Laurasian and Gondwanan segments of Permian Pangaea, in Palaeozoic Palaeogeography and Biogeography, edited by W. S. McKerrow and C. R. Scotese, Geol. Soc. Mem., 12, 383-395.
115. Lovlie, R. (1979), Mesozoic palaeomagnetism in Vestfjella, Dronning Maud Land, East Antarctica, Geophys. J. R. Astron. Soc., 59, 529-537.
116. MacDonald, W. D., and N. D. Opdyke (1974), Triassic paleomagnetism of northern South America, Am. Assoc. Pet. Geol. Bull., 58, 208-215.
117. Mankinen, E. A., W. P. Irwin, and C. S. Grommé (1989), Paleomagnetic study of the eastern Klamath Terrane, California, and implications for the tectonic history of the Klamath Mountains Province, J. Geophys. Res., 94, 10,444-10,472, doi:10.1029/JB094iB08p10444.
118. Marton, E., and P. Marton (1976), A palaeomagnetic study of the Nigerian Volcanic Province, Pure Appl. Geophys., 114, 61-69, doi:10.1007/BF00875492.
119. Marzoli, A., P. R. Renne, E. M. Piccirillo, M. Ernesto, G. Gellieni, and A. De Min (1999), Extensive 200-million-year-old continental flood basalts of the Central Atlantic Magmatic Province, Science, 284, 616-618, doi:10.1126/science.284.5414.616. (Pubitemid 29289581)
120. Marzoli, A., et al. (2004), Synchrony of the central Atlantic magmatic province and the Triassic-Jurassic boundary climatic and biotic crisis, Geology, 32, 973-976, doi:10.1130/G20652.1. (Pubitemid 39547493)
121. May, S. R., and R. F. Butler (1986), North American Jurassic apparent polar wander: Implications for plate motion, paleogeography and Cor-dilleran tectonics, J. Geophys. Res., 91, 11,519-11,544, doi:10.1029/JB091iB11p11519.
122. McElhinny, M. W. (1964), Statistical significance of the fold test in palaeo-magnetism, Geophys. J. R. Astron. Soc., 8, 338-340.
123. McEnroe, S. A. (1996), North America during the Lower Cretaceous: New palaeomagnetic constraints from intrusions in New England, Geophys. J. Int., 126, 477-494, doi:10.1111/j.1365-246X.1996.tb05304.x.
124. Mejia, V., R. W. Barendregt, and N. D. Opdyke (2002), Paleosecular variation of Brunhes age lava flows from British Columbia, Canada, Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 3(12), 8801, doi:10.1029/2002GC000353.
125. Miller, I. M., M. T. Brandon, and L. J. Hickey (2006), Using leaf-margin analysis to estimate the mid-Cretaceous (Albian) paleolatitude of the Baja British Columbia block, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 245, 95-114, doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2006.02.022.
126. Monger, J. W. H., and E. Irving (1980), Northward displacement of north-central British Columbia, Nature, 285, 289-294, doi:10.1038/285289a0.
127. Monger, J. W. H., and C. A. Ross (1971), Distribution of fusulinaceans in the western Canadian Cordillera, Can. J. Earth Sci., 8, 259-278, doi:10.1139/e71-026.
128. Monger, J. W. H., J. G. Souther, and H. Gabrielse (1972), Evolution of the Canadian Cordillera: A plate tectonic model, Am. J. Sci., 272, 577-602.
129. Montes-Lauar, C. R., I. G. Pacca, A. J. Melfi, E. M. Piccirillo, G. Bellieni, R. Petrini, and R. Rizzieri (1994), The Anari and Tapirapuã Jurassic formations, western Brazil: Paleomagnetism, geochemistry and geo-chronology, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 128, 357-371, doi:10.1016/0012- 821X(94)90156-2.
130. Mundil, R., P. Brack, M. Meier, H. Rieber, and F. Oberli (1996), High resolution U-Pb dating of Middle Triassic volcaniclastics: Time-scale calibration and verification of tuning parameters for carbonate sedimentation, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 141, 137-151, doi:10.1016/0012-821X(96)00057-X.
131. Mundil, R., K. R. Ludwig, I. Metcalfe, and P. R. Renne (2004), Age and timing of the Permian mass extinctions: U/Pb dating of closed-system zircons, Science, 305, 1760-1763, doi:10.1126/science.1101012. (Pubitemid 39249640)
132. Muttoni, G., D. V. Kent, P. E. Olsen, P. DiStefano, W. Lowrie, S. Bernasconi, and F. M. Hernandez (2004), Tethyan magnetostratigraphy from Pizzo Mondello (Sicily) and correlation to the Late Triassic Newark astrochrono-logical polarity time scale, Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 116, 1043-1058, doi:10.1130/B25326.1. (Pubitemid 39306381)
133. Muttoni, G., E. Erba, D. V. Kent, and V. Bachtadse (2005), Mesozoic Alpine facies deposition as a result of past latitudinal plate motion, Nature, 434, 59-63, doi:10.1038/nature03378. (Pubitemid 40349382)
134. Nomade, S., H. Theveniaut, Y. Chen, A. Pouclet, and C. Rigollet (2000), Paleomagnetic study of French Guyana Early Jurassic dolerites: Hypothesis of a multistage magmatic event, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 184, 155-168, doi:10.1016/S0012-821X(00)00305-8. (Pubitemid 32185499)
135. Nur, A., and Z. Ben-Avraham (1982), Oceanic plateaus, the fragmentation of continents, and mountain building, J. Geophys. Res., 87, 3644-3661, doi:10.1029/JB087iB05p03644.
136. Olsen, P. E., C. Koeberl, H. Huber, A. Montanari, S.J. Fowell, M. Et Touhami, and D. V. Kent (2002), Continental Triassic-Jurassic boundary in central Pangea: Recent progress and discussion of an Ir anomaly, Spec. Pap. Geol. Soc. Am., 356, 505-522.
137. Olsen, P. E., D. V. Kent, M. Et-Touhami, and J. Puffer (2003), Cyclo-, magneto-, and bio-stratigraphic constraints on the duration of the CAMP event and its relationship to the Triassic-Jurassic Boundary, in The Central Atlantic Magnetic Province: Insights From Fragments of Pangea, edited by W. E. Hames et al., pp. 7-32, AGU, Washington, D. C.
138. Opdyke, N. D. (1961), The paleomagnetism of the New Jersey Triassic: A field study of the inclination error in red sediments, J. Geophys. Res., 66, 1941-1949, doi:10.1029/JZ066i006p01941.
139. Opdyke, N. D., and K. W. Henry (1969), A test of the dipole hypothesis, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 6, 139-151, doi:10.1016/0012-821X(69)90132-0.
140. Opdyke, N. D., and H. Wensink (1966), Paleomagnetism of rocks from the White Mountain Plutonic-Volcanic series in New Hampshire and Vermont, J. Geophys. Res., 71, 3045-3051.
141. Ostrander, J. H. (1971), Paleomagnetic investigations of the Queen Alexandria Range, Antarctica, Antarct. J. US., 6, 183-185.
142. Pálfy, J., and R. Mundil (2006), The age of the Triassic/Jurassic boundary: New data and their implications for the extinction and recovery, Volumina Jurassica, IV, 294.
143. Pálfy, J., R. R. Parrish, and P. L. Smith (1997), A U-Pb age from the Toar-cian (Lower Jurassic) and its use for time scale calibration through error analysis of biochronologic dating, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 146, 659-675, doi:10.1016/S0012-821X(96)00241-5.
144. Pálfy, J., J. K. Mortensen, E. S. Carter, P. L. Smith, R. M. Friedman, and H. W. Tipper (2000a), Timing the end-Triassic mass extinction: First on land, then in the Sea?, Geology, 28, 39-42, doi:10.1130/0091-7613(2000) 28<39:TTEMEF>2.0.CO;2.
145. Pálfy, J., J. K. Mortensen, P. L. Smith, R. M. Friedman, V. McNicoll, and M. Villeneuve (2000b), New U-Pb zircon ages integrated with ammonite biochronology from the Jurassic of the Canadian Cordillera, Can. J. Earth Sci., 37, 549-567, doi:10.1139/cjes-37-4-549.
146. Pankhurst, R. J., T. R. Riley, C. M. Fanning, and S. P. Kelley (2000), Episodic silicic volcanism in Patagonia and the Antarctic Peninsula: Chronology of magmatism associated with the break-up of Gondwana, J. Petrol., 41, 605-625, doi:10.1093/petrology/41.5.605.
147. Panuska, B. C., and D. B. Stone (1981), Late Palaeozoic palaeomagnetic data for Wrangellia: Resolution of the polarity ambiguity, Nature, 293, 561-563, doi:10.1038/293561a0.
148. Phillips, J. D., and D. Forsyth (1972), Plate tectonics, paleomagnetism and the opening of the Atlantic, Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 83, 1579-1600, doi:10.1130/0016-7606(1972)83[1579:PTPATO]2.0.CO;2.
149. Prasad, J. N. (1981), Paleomagnetism of the Mesozoic lamprophyre dikes in north-central Newfoundland, M.Sc. thesis, Memorial Univ. of Newfoundland, St. John.
150. Prévot, M., and M. McWilliams (1989), Paleomagnetic correlation of the Newark Supergroup volcanics, Geology, 17, 1007-1010, doi:10.1130/0091- 7613(1989)017<1007:PCONSV>2.3.CO;2.
151. Pullaiah, G., E. Irving, K. L. Buchan, and D. J. Dunlop (1975), Magnetization changes caused by burial and uplift, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 28, 133-143, doi:10.1016/0012-821X(75)90221-6.
152. 39Ar isotopic systems, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 69, A321.
153. Rees, C. J., E. Irving, and R. L. Brown (1985), Secondary magnetization of Triassic-Jurassic volcaniclastic rocks of the Quesnel Terrane, Quesnel Lake, B.C, Geophys. Res. Lett., 12, 498-501, doi:10.1029/GL012i008p00498.
154. Ressetar, R., and D. L. Martin (1980), Paleomagnetism of Eocene igneous intrusions in the Valley and Ridge Province, Virginia and West Virginia, Can. J. Earth Sci., 17, 1583-1588.
155. Richards, D., R. F. Butler, and T. A. Harms (1993), Paleomagnetism of the late Paleozoic Slide Mountain terrane, northern and central British Columbia, Can. J. Earth Sci., 30, 1898-1913.
156. Robertson, W. A. (1967), Manicouagan, Quebec, paleomagnetic results, Can. J. Earth Sci., 4, 641-649.
157. Roest, W. R., and S. P. Srivastava (1989), Sea-floor spreading in the Labrador Sea: A new reconstruction, Geology, 17, 1000-1003, doi:10.1130/0091- 7613(1989)017<1000:SFSITL>2.3.CO;2.
158. Roest, W. R., J. J. Danobeitia, J. Verhoef, and B. J. Collette (1992), Magnetic anomalies in the Canary Basin and the Mesozoic evolution of the central North Atlantic, Mar. Geophys. Res., 14, 1-24, doi:10.1007/BF01674063.
159. Rowley, D. B., and A. L. Lottes (1988), Plate-kinematic reconstructions of the North Atlantic and Arctic: Late Jurassic to Present, Tectonophysics, 155, 73-120, doi:10.1016/0040-1951(88)90261-2.
160. Royer, J.-Y., R. D. Müller, L. M. Gahagan, L. A. Lawver, C. L. Mayes, D. Nürnberg, and J. G. Sclater (1992), A global isochron chart, Tech. Rep. 117, 38 pp., Univ. of Tex. Inst. for Geophys., Austin.
161. Satolli, S., J. Besse, F. Speranza, and F. Calamita (2007), The 125-150 Ma high-resolution Apparent Polar Wander Path for Adria from magnetos-tratigraphic sections in Umbria-Marche (Northern Apennines, Italy): Timing and duration of the global Jurassic-Cretaceous hairpin turn, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 257, 329-342, doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2007.03.009. (Pubitemid 46593746)
162. Schaltegger, U., J. Guex, A. Bartolini, B. Schoene, and M. Ovtcharov (2008), Precise U-Pb age constraints for end-Triassic mass extinction, its correlation to volcanism and Hettangian post-extinction recovery, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 267, 266-275, doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2007.11.031.
163. Schmidt, P. W. (1976), The non-uniqueness of the Australian Mesozoic paleomagnetic pole position, Geophys. J. R. Astron. Soc., 47, 285-300.
164. Schmidt, P. W. (1982), Linearity spectrum analysis of multi-component magnetizations and its application to some igneous rocks from south-eastern Australia, Geophys. J. R. Astron. Soc., 70, 647-665.
165. Schmidt, P. W., and I. McDougall (1977), Palaeomagnetic and potassium-argon dating studies of the Tasmanian dolerites, J. Geol. Soc. Aust., 24, 321-328.
166. Schneider, D. A., and D. V. Kent (1990), The time-averaged paleomagnetic field, Rev. Geophys., 28, 71-96, doi:10.1029/RG028i001p00071.
167. Schoene, B., J. L. Crowley, D. J. Condon, M. D. Schmitz, and S. A. Bowring (2006), Reassessing the uranium decay constants for geochronology using ID0TIMS U-Pb data, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 70, 426-445, doi:10.1016/j.gca. 2005.09.007. (Pubitemid 43109705)
168. Schult, A., and S. D. C. Guerreiro (1979), Palaeomagnetism of Mesozoic igneous rocks from the Maranhao Basin, Brazil, and the time of opening of the South Atlantic, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 42, 427-436, doi:10.1016/0012-821X(79) 90051-7.
169. Schwartz, E. J., J. E. Muller, and K. R. Clark (1980), Paleomagnetism of the Karmutsen basalts from southeast Vancouver Island, Can. J. Earth Sci., 17, 389-399.
170. 39Ar dating and geochemistry of tholeiitic magmatism related to the early opening of the central Atlantic rift, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 104, 455-472, doi:10.1016/0012-821X(91)90222-4.
171. Sheriff, S. D., and P. N. Shive (1980), Paleomagnetism of the Leucite Hills volcanic field, southwestern Wyoming, Geophys. Res. Lett., 7, 1025-1028, doi:10.1029/GL007i012p01025.
172. Shive, P. N., and E. F. Pruss (1977), A paleomagnetic study of basalt flows from the Absaroka Mountains, Wyoming, J. Geophys. Res., 82, 3039-3048, doi:10.1029/JB082i020p03039.
173. Sichler, B., and M. Perrin (1993), New early Jurassic paleopole from France and Jurassic apparent polar wander, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 115, 13-27, doi:10.1016/0012-821X(93)90209-R.
174. Sichler, B., J.-L. Olivet, J.-M. Auzende, H. Jonquet, J. Bonnin, and A. Bonifay (1980), Mobility of Morocco, Can. J. Earth Sci., 17, 1546-1558.
175. Smith, P. L., H. W. Tipper, and D. M. Ham (2001), Lower Jurassic Amaltheidae (Ammonitina) in North America: Paleobiogeography and tectonic implications, Can. J. Earth Sci., 38, 1439-1449, doi:10.1139/cjes-38-10-1439. (Pubitemid 33098589)
176. Srivastava, S. P., and W. R. Roest (1989), Seafloor spreading history II-IV, map, sheets L17-12-L17-16, Atlantic Geosci. Cent., Geol. Surv. of Can., Dartmouth, N. S.
177. Steiner, M. B. (2003), A cratonic Middle Jurassic paleopole: Callovian-Oxfordian stillstand (J-2 cusp), rotation of the Colorado Plateau, and Jurassic North American apparent polar wander, Tectonics, 22(3), 1020, doi:10.1029/2001TC001284.
178. Steiner, M. B., and C. E. Helsley (1975), Reversal pattern and apparent polar wander for the Late Jurassic, Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 86, 1537-1543, doi:10.1130/0016-7606(1975)86<1537:RPAAPW>2.0.CO;2.
179. Symons, D. T. A. (1977), Paleomagnetism of Mesozoic plutons in the westernmost Coast Complex of British Columbia, Can. J. Earth Sci., 14, 2127-2139.
180. Szurlies, M. (2007), Latest Permian to Middle Triassic cyclo-magnetostra-tigraphy from the Central European Basin, Germany: Implications for the geomagnetic polarity timescale, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 261, 602-619, doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2007.07.018. (Pubitemid 47371873)
181. Tan, C, and K. P. Kodama (2002), Magnetic anisotropy and paleomagnetic inclination shallowing in red beds: Evidence from the Mississippian Mauch Chunk Formation, Pennsylvania, J. Geophys. Res., 107(B11), 2311, doi:10.1029/ 2001JB001636.
182. Tan, X., K. P. Kodama, S. Gilder, and V. Courtillot (2007), Rock magnetic evidence for inclination shallowing in the Passaic Formation red beds from the Newark basin and a systematic bias of the Late Triassic apparent polar wander path for North America, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 254, 345-357, doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2006.11.043. (Pubitemid 46201483)
183. Tarduno, J. A., D. B. Brinkman, P. R. Renne, R. D. Cottrell, H. Scher, and P. Castillo (1998), Evidence for extreme climatic warmth from Late Cretaceous Arctic vertebrates, Science, 282, 2241-2243, doi:10.1126/science.282. 5397.2241. (Pubitemid 29004068)
184. Tauxe, L., and D. V. Kent (1984), Properties of a detrital remanence carried by haematite from study of modern river deposits and laboratory redepo-sition experiments, Geophys. J. R. Astron. Soc., 76, 543-561.
185. Tauxe, L., and D. V. Kent (2004), A simplified statistical model for the geomagnetic field and the detection of shallow bias in paleomagnetic inclinations: Was the ancient magnetic field dipolar? in Timescales of the Paleomagnetic Field, Geophys. Monogr. Ser., vol. 145, edited by J. E. T. Channell et al., pp. 101-116, AGU, Washington, D. C.
186. Tauxe, L., K. P. Kodama, and D. V. Kent (2008), Testing corrections for paleomagnetic inclination error in sedimentary rocks: A comparative approach, Phys. Earth Planet. Inter., 169, 152-165, doi:10.1016/j.pepi.2008.05.006.
187. Tipper, H. W. (1981), Offset of an upper Pliensbachian geographic zonation in the North American Cordillera by transcurrent movement, Can. J. Earth Sci., 18, 1788-1792.
188. Torsvik, T. H., and R. Van der Voo (2002), Refining Gondwana and Pangea paleogeography: Estimates of Phanerozoic non-dipole (octupole) fields, Geophys. J. Int., 151, 771-794, doi:10.1046/j.1365-246X.2002.01799.x. (Pubitemid 35420223)
189. 39 Ar age constraints, Geophys. J. Int., 135, 1045-1059, doi:10.1046/j.1365-246X.1998.00687.x. (Pubitemid 29085789)
190. Torsvik, T. H., R. Van der Voo, J. G. Meert, J. Mosar, and H. J. Walderhaug (2001), Reconstructions of the continents around the North Atlantic at about the 60th parallel, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 187, 55-69, doi:10.1016/S0012-821X(01)00284-9. (Pubitemid 32473787)
191. Torsvik, T. H., R. D. Muller, R. Van der Voo, B. Steinberger, and C. Gaina (2008), Global plate motion frames: Toward a unified model, Rev. Geophys., 46, RG3004, doi:10.1029/2007RG000227.
192. Tozer, E. T. (1982), Marine Triassic faunas of North America: Their significance for assessing plate and terrane movements, Geol. Rundsch., 71, 1077-1104, doi:10.1007/BF01821119.
193. Vandall, T. A., and H. C. Palmer (1990), Canadian Cordilleran displacement - Paleomagnetic results from the Early Jurassic Hazelton Group, Terrane I, British Columbia, Canada, Geophys. J. Int., 103, 609-619, doi:10.1111/j.1365-246X.1990.tb05675.x.
194. Van der Voo, R. (1992), Jurassic paleopole controversy: Contributions from the Atlantic-bordering continents, Geology, 20, 975-978, doi:10.1130/0091-7613(1992)020<0975:JPCCFT>2.3.CO;2.
195. Van der Voo, R. (1993), Paleomagnetism of the Atlantic, Tethys and Iapetus Oceans, 411 pp., doi:10.1017/CBO9780511524936, Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, U. K.
196. Van der Voo, R., and R. B. French (1974), Apparent polar wandering for the Atlantic-bordering continents: Late Carboniferous to Eocene, Earth Sci. Rev., 10, 99-119, doi:10.1016/0012-8252(74)90082-8.
197. Van der Voo, R., J. Stamatakos, and B. van der Pluijm (1995), No evidence for prevalent inclination shallowing in redbeds, Eos Trans. AGU, 76(17), Spring Meet. Suppl., S96.
198. Van Fossen, M. C., and D. V. Kent (1990), High-latitude paleomagnetic poles from Middle Jurassic plutons and moat volcanics in New England and the controversy regarding Jurassic apparent polar wander for North America, J. Geophys. Res., 95, 17,503-17,516, doi:10.1029/JB095iB11p17503.
199. Van Fossen, M. C., and D. V. Kent (1992), A reply in defense of high latitude middle Jurassic North American apparent polar wander, J. Geophys. Res., 97, 1803-1805, doi:10.1029/91JB02744.
200. Van Fossen, M. C., and D. V. Kent (1993), A palaeomagnetic study of 143 Ma kimberlite dikes in central New York State, Geophys. J. Int., 113, 175-185, doi:10.1111/j.1365-246X.1993.tb02538.x.
201. Veldkamp, J., F. G. Mulder, and J. D. A. Zijderveld (1971), Palaeomagnet-ism of Suriname dolerites, Phys. Earth Planet. Inter., 4, 370-380, doi:10.1016/0031-9201(71)90020-3.
202. Vizán, H. (1998), Paleomagnetism of the Lower Jurassic Lepáand Osta Arena formations, Argentine Patagonia, J. South Am. Earth Sci., 11, 333-350, doi:10.1016/S0895-9811(98)00018-2. (Pubitemid 29163895)
203. Vugteveen, R. W., A. E. Barnes, and R. F. Butler (1981), Paleomagnetism of the Roskruge and Gringo Gulch volcanics, southeast Arizona, J. Geophys. Res., 86, 4021-4028, doi:10.1029/JB086iB05p04021.
204. Walderhaug, H. (1993), Rock magnetic and magnetic fabric variations across three thin alkaline dykes from Sunnhordland, Western Norway: Influence of initial mineralogy and secondary alterations, Geophys. J. Int., 115, 97-108, doi:10.1111/j.1365-246X.1993.tb05591.x.
205. Walker, J. D., and J. W. Geissman (2009), 2009 GSA geologic time scale, GSA Today, 19(4), 60-61, doi:10.1130/1052-5173-19.4-5.60.
206. Watson, G. S., and E. Irving (1957), Statistical methods in rock magnetism, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. Geophys. Suppl., 7, 289-300.
207. Weedon, G. P., and H. C. Jenkyns (1999), Cyclostratigraphy and the Early Jurassic timescale: Data from the Belemnite Marls, Dorset, southern England, Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 111, 1823-1840, doi:10.1130/0016-7606(1999)111<1823: CATEJT>2.3.CO;2.
208. Westphal, M., R. Montigny, R. Thuizat, C. Bardon, A. Bossert, and R. Hamzeh (1979), Paleomagnetisme et datation du volcanisme permien, triasique et cretace du Maroc, Can. J. Earth Sci., 16, 2150-2164.
209. Whiteside, J. H., P. E. Olsen, D. V. Kent, S. J. Fowell, and M. Et-Touhami (2007), Synchrony between the Central Atlantic magmatic province and the Triassic-Jurassic mass-extinction event?, Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol., 244, 345-367, doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2006.06.035. (Pubitemid 46127495)
210. Wu, F., and R. Van der Voo (1988), Paleomagnetism of Middle-Late Tri-assic plutons in southern Maine, Tectonophysics, 156, 51-58, doi:10.1016/0040-1951(88)90282-X.
211. Wynne, P. J., E. Irving, and K. G. Osadetz (1988), Paleomagnetism of Cretaceous volcanic rocks of the Sverdrup Basin: Magnetostratigraphy, pa-leolatitudes, and rotations, Can. J. Earth Sci., 25, 1220-1239.
212. Wynne, P. J., E. Irving, J. A. Maxson, and K. L. Kleinspehn (1995), Paleo-magnetism of the Upper Cretaceous strata of Mount Tatlow: Evidence for 3000 km of northward displacement of the eastern Coast belt, British Columbia, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 6073-6091, doi:10.1029/94JB02643.
213. Yole, R. W., and E. Irving (1980), Displacement of Vancouver island: Paleomagnetic evidence from the Karmutsen Formation, Can. J. Earth Sci., 17, 1210-1228.
214. Zijderveld, J. D. A. (1975), Paleomagnetism of the Esterel Rocks, 199 pp., State Univ. Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.