The GLAIR cognitive architecture

International Journal of Machine Consciousness

Volumn 2, Issue 2, 2010, Pages 307-332

  Shapiro, Stuart C ^a   Bona, Jonathan P ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY AT BUFFALO   (United States)

Author keywords

computational philosophy; GLAIR; KL; SAL

Indexed keywords

COGNITIVE ARCHITECTURES; COMPUTATIONAL PHILOSOPHY; EMBODIED AGENT; GLAIR; HUMAN MIND; HUMAN PSYCHOLOGY; INTELLIGENT BEHAVIOR; KL; KNOWLEDGE LAYERS; LAYERED ARCHITECTURE; MULTI-LAYERED; SAL; SIMULATED ENVIRONMENT; SOFTWARE ROBOT;

EID: 78149375591     PISSN: 17938430     EISSN: 17938473     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1142/S1793843010000515     Document Type: Article

References (69)

1. Alchourrón, C. E., Gärdenfors, P. and Makinson, D. [1985] \On the logic of theory change: Partial meet contraction and revision functions," The Journal of Symbolic Logic 50(2), 510-530.
2. Anderson, J. R. and Lebiere, C. [1998] The Atomic Components of Thought (Lawrence Erlbaum, Mahwah, NJ).
3. Anstey, J., Seyed, A. P., Bay-Cheng, S., Pape, D., Shapiro, S. C., Bona, J. and Hibit, S. [2009] \The agent takes the stage," International Journal of Arts and Technology (IJART) 2(4), 277-296.
4. Blackmore, S. [2005] Consciousness: A Very Short Introduction (Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK).
5. Böhm, C. and Jacopini, G. [1966] \Flow diagrams, Turing machines, and languages with only two formation rules," Communications of the ACM 9(5), 366-371.
6. Brachman, R. J. and Levesque, H. J. [1985] Readings in Knowledge Representation (Morgan Kaufmann, San Mateo, CA).
7. Carbonell, J. G., Knoblock, C. A. and Minton, S. [1990] \PRODIGY: An integrated architecture for planning and learning," in K. VanLehn (ed.), Architectures for Intelligence (Lawrence Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ), pp. 241-278.
8. Chalupsky, H. [1996] SIMBA: Belief Ascription by Way of Simulative Reasoning, Ph.D. dissertation, Technical Report 96-18, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University at Bu®alo, Bu®alo, NY.
9. Choi, J. [1993] Experience-Based Learning in Deductive Reasoning Systems, Ph.D. dissertation, Technical Report 93-20, Department of Computer Science, State University of New York at Bu®alo, Bu®alo, NY.
10. Choi, J. and Shapiro, S. C. [1991] \Experience-based deductive learning," Third International Conference on Tools for Artificial Intelligence TAI '91 (IEEE Computer Society Press, Los Alamitos, CA), pp. 502-503.
11. De Kleer, J. [1986] \An assumption-based truth maintenance system," Artificial Intelligence 28(2), 127-162.
12. Duchan, J. F., Bruder, G. A. and Hewitt, L. E. [1995] Deixis in Narrative: A Cognitive Science Perspective (Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc., Hillsdale, NJ).
13. Goldfain, A. [2008] A Computational Theory of Early Mathematical Cognition, Ph.D. thesis, State University of New York at Bu®alo, Bu®alo, NY.
14. Haller, S. [1996] \Planning text about plans interactively," International Journal of Expert Systems 9(1), 85-112.
15. Haller, S. [1999] \An introduction to interactive discourse processing from the perspective of plan recognition and text planning," Artificial Intelligence Review 13(4), 259-333.
16. Hexmoor, H., Lammens, J. and Shapiro, S. C. [1993] \Embodiment in GLAIR: A grounded layered architecture with integrated reasoning for autonomous agents," in D. D. Dankel II and J. Stewman (eds.), Proceedings of The Sixth Florida AI Research Symposium (FLAIRS 93) (The Florida AI Research Society), pp. 325-329.
17. Hobbs, J. R. and Kreinovich, V. [2001] \Optimal choice of granularity in commonsense estimation: Why half orders of magnitude," in Proceedings, Joint 9th IFSA World Congress and 20th NAFIPS International Conference, pp. 1343-1348.
18. Ismail, H. O. [2001] Reasoning and Acting in Time, Ph.D. dissertation, Technical Report 2001-2011, University at Bu®alo, The State University of New York, Bu®alo, NY.
19. Ismail, H. O. and Shapiro, S. C. [2000] \Two problems with reasoning and acting in time," in A. G. Cohn, F. Giunchiglia and B. Selman (eds.), Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning: Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference (KR 2000) (Morgan Kaufmann, San Francisco), pp. 355-365.
20. Ismail, H. O. and Shapiro, S. C. [2001] \The cognitive clock: A formal investigation of the epistemology of time," Technical Report 2001-2008, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University at Bu®alo, Bu®alo, NY.
21. Kandefer, M. and Shapiro, S. C. [2007] \Knowledge acquisition by an intelligent acting agent," in E. Amir, V. Lifshitz and R. Miller (eds.), Logical Formalizations of Commonsense Reasoning, Papers from the AAAI Spring Symposium, Technical Report SS-07-05 (AAAI Press, Menlo Park, CA), pp. 77-82. (Pubitemid 350293213)
22. Kumar, D. [1993] \A unified model of acting and inference," in J. Numamaker and R. Sprague (eds.), Proceedings of the Twenty-Sixth Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (IEEE Computer Society Press, Los Alamitos, CA), pp. 483-492.
23. Kumar, D. and Shapiro, S. C. [1991] \Architecture of an intelligent agent in SNePS," SIGART Bulletin 2(4), 89-92.
24. Kumar, D. and Shapiro, S. C. [1994] \Acting in service of inference (and vice versa)," in D. D. Dankel II (ed.), Proceedings of The Seventh Florida AI Research Symposium (FLAIRS 94) (The Florida AI Research Society), pp. 207-211.
25. Laird, J. E., Newell, A. and Rosenbloom, P. S. [1987] \SOAR: An architecture for general intelligence," Artificial Intelligence 33(1), 1-64.
26. Lammens, J. M., Hexmoor, H. H. and Shapiro, S. C. [1995] \Of elephants and men," in L. Steels (ed.), The Biology and Technology of Intelligent Autonomous Agents (Springer- Verlag, Berlin), pp. 312-344.
27. Langley, P., Cummings, K. and Shapiro, S. C. [2004] \Hierarchical skills and cognitive architectures," in Proceedings of the Twenty-Sixth Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society (Chicago, IL), pp. 779-784.
28. Langley, P., Laird, J. E. and Rogers, S. [2009] \Cognitive architectures: Research issues and challenges," Cognitive Systems Research 10(2), 141-160.
29. Lehmann, F. [1992] Semantic Networks in Artificial Intelligence (Pergamon Press, Oxford).
30. Maida, A. S. and Shapiro, S. C. [1982] \Intensional concepts in propositional semantic networks," Cognitive Science 6(4), 291-330, reprinted in [Brachman and Levesque, 1985, pp. 170-189].
31. Martins, J. P. and Shapiro, S. C. [1983] \Reasoning in multiple belief spaces," Proceedings of the Eighth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (Morgan Kaufmann, San Mateo, CA), pp. 370-373.
32. Martins, J. P. and Shapiro, S. C. [1988] \A model for belief revision," Artificial Intelligence 35, 25-79.
33. McKay, D. P. and Shapiro, S.C. [1980] \MULTI - a LISP based multiprocessing system," in Proceedings of the 1980 LISP Conference, pp. 29-37.
34. McKay, D. P. and Shapiro, S. C. [1981] \Using active connection graphs for reasoning with recursive rules," in Proceedings of the Seventh International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (Morgan Kaufmann, San Mateo, CA), pp. 368-374.
35. Morgado, E. J. M. and Shapiro, S. C. [1985] \Believing and acting: A study of meta-knowledge and meta-reasoning," in Proceedings of EPIA-85 \Encontro Portugues de Inteligencia Artificial," (Oporto, Portugal), pp. 138-154.
36. Neal, J. G. and Shapiro, S. C. [1985] \Parsing as a form of inference in a multiprocessing environment," in Proceedings of the Conference on Intelligent Systems and Machines (Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan), pp. 19-24.
37. Neal, J. G. and Shapiro, S. C. [1987a] \Knowledge-based Parsing," in L. Bolc (ed.), Natural Language Parsing Systems (Springer-Verlag, Berlin), pp. 49-92.
38. Neal, J. G. and Shapiro, S. C. [1987b] \Knowledge representation for reasoning about language," in J. C. Boudreaux, B. W. Hamill and R. Jernigan (eds.), The Role of Language in Problem Solving 2 (Elsevier Science Publishers), pp. 27-46.
39. Orilia, F. and Rapaport, W. J. [1998] Thought, Language, and Ontology: Essays in Memory of Hector-Neri Castañeda (Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht).
40. Rapaport, W. J., Shapiro, S. C. and Wiebe, J. M. [1997] \Quasi-indexicals and knowledge reports," Cognitive Science 21(1), 63-107, reprinted in [Orilia and Rapaport, 1998, pp. 235-294]. (Pubitemid 127160253)
41. Searle, J. R. [1975] \Indirect speech acts," in P. Cole and J. L. Morgan (eds.), Speech Acts: Syntax and Semantics, (Academic Press), pp. 59-82.
42. Seyed, A. P., Kandefer, M. and Shapiro, S. C. [2008] \SNePS e±ciency report," SNeRG Technical Note 43, Department of Computer Science, State University of New York at Bu®alo, Bu®alo, NY.
43. Shapiro, S. C. [1978] \Path-based and node-based inference in semantic networks," in D. L. Waltz (ed.), Tinlap-2: Theoretical Issues in Natural Languages Processing (ACM, New York), pp. 219-225.
44. Shapiro, S. C. [1979] \The SNePS semantic network processing system," in N. V. Findler (ed.), Associative Networks: The Representation and Use of Knowledge by Computers (Academic Press, New York), pp. 179-203.
45. Shapiro, S. C. [1982] \Generalized augmented transition network grammars for generation from semantic networks," The American Journal of Computational Linguistics 8(1), 12-25.
46. Shapiro, S. C. [1986] \Symmetric relations, intensional individuals, and variable binding," Proceedings of the IEEE 74(10), 1354-1363.
47. Shapiro, S. C. [1987] \Processing, bottom-up and top-down," in S. C. Shapiro (ed.), Encyclopedia of Artificial Intelligence (John Wiley and Sons, New York), pp. 779-785, reprinted in 2nd ed., 1992, pp. 1229-1234.
48. Shapiro, S. C. [1989] \The Cassie projects: An approach to natural language competence," in J. P. Martins and E. M. Morgado (eds.), EPIA 89: 4th Portugese Conference on Artificial Intelligence Proceedings, Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence 390 (Springer-Verlag, Berlin), pp. 362-380.
49. Shapiro, S. C. [1991] \Cables, paths and 'subconscious' reasoning in propositional semantic networks," in J. Sowa (ed.), Principles of Semantic Networks: Explorations in the Representation of Knowledge (Morgan Kaufmann, Los Altos, CA), pp. 137-156.
50. Shapiro, S. C. [1992] \Artificial intelligence," in S. C. Shapiro (ed.), Encyclopedia of Artificial Intelligence, 2nd ed. (John Wiley and Sons, New York), pp. 54-57.
51. Shapiro, S. C. [1993] \Belief spaces as sets of propositions," Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Artificial Intelligence (JETAI) 5(2, 3), 225-235.
52. Shapiro, S. C. [1998] \Embodied Cassie," in Cognitive Robotics: Papers from the 1998 AAAI Fall Symposium, Technical Report FS-98-02 (AAAI Press, Menlo Park, California), pp. 136-143.
53. Shapiro, S. C. [2000a] \An introduction to SNePS 3," in B. Ganter and G. W. Mineau (eds.), Conceptual Structures: Logical, Linguistic, and Computational Issues, Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence, Vol. 1867 (Springer-Verlag, Berlin), pp. 510-524.
54. Shapiro, S. C. [2000b] \SNePS: A logic for natural language understanding and commonsense reasoning," in Natural Language Processing and Knowledge Representation: Language for Knowledge and Knowledge for Language (AAAI Press/The MIT Press, Menlo Park, CA), pp. 175-195.
55. Shapiro, S. C. [2010] \Set-oriented logical connectives: Syntax and semantics," in F. Lin, U. Sattler and M. Truszczynski (eds.), Proceedings of the Twelfth International Conference on the Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning (KR2010) (AAAI Press, Menlo Park, CA), pp. 593-595.
56. Shapiro, S. C., Anstey, J., Pape, D. E., Nayak, T. D., Kandefer, M. and Telhan, O. [2005a] \MGLAIR agents in virtual and other graphical environments," in Proceedings of the Twentieth National Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-05) (AAAI Press, Menlo Park, CA), pp. 1704-1705. (Pubitemid 43006551)
57. Shapiro, S. C., Anstey, J., Pape, D. E., Nayak, T. D., Kandefer, M. and Telhan, O. [2005b] \The Trial The Trail, Act 3: A virtual reality drama using intelligent agents," in R. M. Young and J. Laird (eds.), Proceedings of the First Annual Artificial Intelligence and Interactive Digital Entertainment Conference (AIIDE-05) (AAAI Press, Menlo Park, CA), pp. 157-158.
58. Shapiro, S. C. and Bona, J. P. [2009] \The GLAIR cognitive architecture," in A. Samsonovich (ed.), Biologically Inspired Cognitive Architectures - II: Papers from the AAAI Fall Symposium, FS-09-01 (AAAI Press, Menlo Park, CA), pp. 141-152.
59. Shapiro, S. C. and Ismail, H. O. [2003] \Anchoring in a grounded layered architecture with integrated reasoning," Robotics and Autonomous Systems 43(2, 3), 97-108.
60. Shapiro, S. C., Ismail, H. O. and Santore, J. F. [2000] \Our dinner with Cassie," in Working Notes for the AAAI 2000 Spring Symposium on Natural Dialogues with Practical Robotic Devices (AAAI, Menlo Park, CA), pp. 57-61.
61. Shapiro, S. C. and Kandefer, M. [2005] \A SNePS approach to the wumpus world agent or Cassie meets the wumpus," in L. Morgenstern and M. Pagnucco (eds.), IJCAI-05 Workshop on Nonmonotonic Reasoning, Action, and Change (NRAC'05): Working Notes (IJCAII, Edinburgh, Scotland), pp. 96-103.
62. Shapiro, S. C., Martins, J. P. and McKay, D. P. [1982] \Bi-directional inference," in Proceedings of the Fourth Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society (Ann Arbor, MI), pp. 90-93.
63. Shapiro, S. C. and Neal, J. G. [1982] \A knowledge engineering approach to natural language understanding," in Proceedings of the 20th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL, Menlo Park, CA), pp. 136-144.
64. Shapiro, S. C. and Rapaport, W. J. [1987] \SNePS considered as a fully intensional propositional semantic network," in N. Cercone and G. McCalla (eds.), The Knowledge Frontier (Springer-Verlag, New York), pp. 263-315.
65. Shapiro, S. C. and Rapaport, W. J. [1992] \The SNePS family," Computers and Mathematics with Applications 23(2-5), 243-275, reprinted in [Lehmann, 1992, pp. 243-275].
66. Shapiro, S. C. and Rapaport, W. J. [1995] \An introduction to a computational reader of narratives," in J. F. Duchan, G. A. Bruder and L. E. Hewitt (eds.), Deixis in Narrative: A Cognitive Science Perspective (Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc., Hillsdale, NJ), pp. 79-105.
67. Shapiro, S. C., Rapaport, W. J., Kandefer, M., Johnson, F. L. and Goldfain, A. [2007] \Metacognition in SNePS," AI Magazine 28, 17-31. (Pubitemid 46629343)
68. Shapiro, S. C. and The SNePS Implementation Group [2008] SNePS 2.7 User's Manual, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University at Bu®alo, The State University of New York, Bu®alo, NY.
69. Shubin, H. [1981] \Inference and control in multiprocessing environments," Technical Report 186, Department of Computer Science, SUNY at Buffalo.