Factors associated with numbers of client partners of female sex workers across five districts in South India

Sexually Transmitted Diseases

Volumn 37, Issue 11, 2010, Pages 687-695

  Deering, Kathleen N ^a,b   Tyndall, Mark W ^a,b   Shoveller, Jean ^a   Moses, Stephen ^c   Blanchard, James F ^c   Shaw, Souradet ^c   Ramesh, Banadakoppa M ^c   Isac, Shajy ^d   Boily, Marie Claude ^e  

^a UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA   (Canada)

^b BRITISH COLUMBIA CENTRE FOR EXCELLENCE IN HIV AIDS   (Canada)

^c UNIVERSITY OF MANITOBA   (Canada)

^d KARNATAKA HEALTH PROMOTION TRUST   (India)

^e IMPERIAL COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AGE; ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY; ENVIRONMENTAL FACTOR; FEMALE; HUMAN; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION; INCOME; INDIA; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MARRIAGE; NUMBER OF COMMERCIAL SEX CLIENT PER MONTH; PROSTITUTION; SEXUAL BEHAVIOR; SOCIAL ASPECT;

ADULT; CONDOMS; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDIES; FEMALE; HIV INFECTIONS; HUMANS; INDIA; MALE; MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS; PREVALENCE; PROSTITUTION; RISK FACTORS; SEXUAL BEHAVIOR; SEXUAL PARTNERS;

EID: 78149233936     PISSN: 01485717     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/OLQ.0b013e3181ecfeeb     Document Type: Article

References (64)

1. 2006 AIDS Epidemic Update. Geneva, Switzerland: Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS), 2006.
2. Dandona R, Dandona L, Gutierrez JP, et al. Demography and sex work characteristics of female sex workers in India. BMC Int Health Hum Rights 2006;6:5.
3. 2006 Report on the Global HIV/AIDS Epidemic Update: May 2006. Geneva, Switzerland: Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS), 2006.
4. HIV Epidemic Update. Geneva, Switzerland: Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS), 2004.
5. Blanchard JF, O'Neil J, Ramesh BM, et al. Understanding the social and cultural contexts of female sex workers in Karnataka, India: Implications for prevention of HIV infection. J Infect Dis 2005;191(suppl 1):S139-S146.
6. Gangopadhyay DN, Chanda M, Sarkar K, et al. Evaluation of sex transm dis/human immunodeficiency virus intervention programs for sex workers in Calcutta, India. Sex Transm Dis 2005;32:680-684.
7. Soskolne V. Social networks, social capital, and HIV risks among migrants. In: Apostolopoulos Y, Sönmez SF, eds. Population Mobility and Infectious Disease. New York, NY: Springer, 2007.
8. Boerma JÂ, Weir Sharon ÂS. Integrating demographic and epidemiological approaches to research on HIV/AIDS: The proximatedeterminants framework. J Infect Dis 2005;191(S1): S61-S67.
9. Royce RA, Sena A, Cates W, et al. Sexual transmission of HIV. N Engl J Med 1997;336:1072-1078.
10. Anderson RM, May RM. Infectious Diseases of Humans: Dynamics and Control. Oxford, United Kingdom: Oxford University Press, 1991.
11. Anderson RM. Transmission dynamics of sexually transmitted infections. In: Holmes KK, Sparling PF, Mardh P, et al, eds. Sexually Transmitted Disease. New York, NY: McGraw Hill, 1999:25-38.
12. Ghani AC, Aral SO. Patterns of sex worker-client contacts and their implications for the persistence of sexually transmitted infections. J Infect Dis 2005;191(suppl 1):S34-S41.
13. Garnett GP, White PJ, Ward H. Fewer partners or more condoms? Modelling the effectiveness of STI prevention interventions. Sex Transm Infect 2008;84: ii4-ii11.
14. Jones JH, Handcock MS. An assessment of preferential attachment as a mechanism for human sexual network formation. Proc R Soc Lond 2003;270:1123-1128.
15. Hamilton DT, Handcock MS, Morris M. Degree distributions in sexual networks: A framework for evaluating evidence. Sex Transm Dis 2008;35:30-40.
16. Handcock MS, Jones JH. Likelihood-based inference for stochastic models of sexual network formation. Theor Popul Biol 2004;65:413-422.
17. Shannon K, Rusch M, Shoveller J, et al. Mapping violence and policing as an environmental-structural barrier to health service and syringe availability among substance-using women in streetlevel sex work. Int J Drug Policy 2008;19:140-147.
18. Shannon K, Kerr T, Strathdee SA, et al. Prevalence and structural correlates of gender based violence among a prospective cohort of female sex workers. BMJ 2009;339: b2939.
19. Sarkar S. Community engagement in HIV prevention in Asia: Going from ∼for the community "to ∼by the community" must we wait for more evidence? Sex Transm Infect 2010;86(suppl 1):i2-i3.
20. Hogle J, Green EC, Nantulya V, et al. What Happened in Uganda? Declining HIV Prevalence, Behavior Change, and the National Response. Washington, DC: USAID, 2002.
21. Shelton JD, Halperin DT, Nantulya V, et al. Partner reduction is crucial for balanced "ABC" approach to HIV prevention. BMJ 2004;328:891-893.
22. Morris M. Telling tails explain the discrepancy in sexual partner reports. Nature 1993;365:437-440.
23. Jana S, Basu I, Rotheram-Borus MJ, et al. The Sonagachi Project: A sustainable community intervention. AIDS Educ Prev 2004;16:405-414.
24. Jana S, Rojanapithayakorn W, Steen R. Harm reduction for sex workers. Lancet 2006;367:814.
25. Steinbrook R. HIV in India-A complex epidemic. N Engl J Med 2007;356:1089-1093.
26. Ramesh BM, Moses S, Washington R, et al. Determinants of HIV prevalence among female sex workers in four south Indian states: Analysis of cross-sectional surveys in twenty-three districts. AIDS 2008;22(suppl 5):S35-S44.
27. Becker ML, Ramesh B, Washington RG, et al. Prevalence and determinants of HIV infection in South India: A heterogeneous, rural epidemic. AIDS 2007;21:739-747.
28. Zenilman JM, Ellish N, Fresia A, et al. The geography of sexual partnerships in Baltimore: Applications of core theory dynamics using a geographic information system. Sex Transm Dis 1999;26:75-81.
29. Blanchard JF, Khan A, Bokhari A. Variations in the population size, distribution and client volume among female sex workers in seven cities of Pakistan. Sex Transm Infect 2008;84(suppl 2):ii24-ii27.
30. Avahan, the India AIDS Initiative-The Business of HIV Prevention at Scale. New Delhi, India: The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, 2008.
31. Rhodes T. The 'risk environment': A framework for understanding and reducing drug-related harm. Int J Drug Policy 2002;13:85-94.
32. SAS [program]. Cary, NC: SAS Institute Inc, 2002-2003.
33. Rosner B. Fundamentals of Biostatistics, 6th ed. Pacific Grove, CA: Duxbury Press, 2005.
34. Hilbe J. Negative Binomial Regression. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 2007.
35. Orelian JG. Model Fitting in PROC Genmod. Cary, NC: SAS Institute.
36. Cole S. Analysis of complex survey data using SAS. Comput Methods Programs Biomed 2001;64:65-69.
37. Johnston G. SAS Software to Fit the Generalized Linear Model. Cary, NC: SAS Institute Inc.
38. Smith T, Smith B. PROC GENMOD With GEE to Analyze Correlated Outcomes Data Using SAS. San Diego, CA: Department of Defense Center for Deployment Health Research, Naval Health Research Center.
39. Fitzmaurice GM, Laird NM, Ware JH. Applied Longitudinal Analysis. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons Inc., 2004.
40. Hu FB, Goldberg J, Hedeker D, et al. Comparison of populationaveraged and subject-specific approaches for repeated binary outcomes. Am J Epidemiol 1998;174:694-703.
41. Pyett P, Warr D. Women at risk in sex work: Strategies for survival. J Sociol 1999;35:183-197.
42. Shannon K, Kerr T, Allinott S, et al. Social and structural violence and power relations in mitigating HIV risk of drug-using women in survival sex work. Soc Sci Med 2008;66:911-921.
43. Wojcicki JM, Malala J. Condom use, power and HIV/AIDS risk: Sex-workers bargain for survival in Hillbrow/Joubert Park/Berea, Johannesburg. Soc Sci Med 2001;53:99-121.
44. Loza O, Strathdee SA, Lozada R, et al. Correlates of early versus later initiation into sex work in two Mexico-U. S. border cities. J Adolesc Health 2010;46:37-44.
45. O'Neil J, Orchard T, Swarankar RC, et al. Dhandha, dharma and disease: Traditional sex work and HIV/AIDS in rural India. Soc Sci Med 2004;59:851-860.
46. Orchard T. In this life: The impact of gender and tradition on sexuality and relationships for Devadasi sex workers in rural India. Sex Cult 2007;11:3-27.
47. Rao V, Gupta I, Lokshin M, et al. Sex Workers and the Cost of Safe Sex: The Compensating Differential for Condom Use in Calcutta. Washington DC: World Bank, 2000. Policy Research Working Paper 2000:2234.
48. Moffatt PG, Peters SA. Pricing personal services: An empirical study of earnings in the UK prostitution industry. Scot J Polit Econ 2004;51:675-690.
49. Buzdugan R, Halli SS, Cowan FM. The female sex work typology in India in the context of HIV/AIDS. Trop Med Int Health 2009;14:1-15.
50. Shannon K, Kerr T, Strathdee SA, et al. Structural and environmental barriers to condom use negotiation with clients among female sex workers: Implications for HIV prevention strategies and policy. Am J Public Health 2009;99:659-665.
51. Shannon K, Kerr T, Strathdee SA, et al. Prevalence and structural correlates of gender based violence among a prospective cohort of female sex workers. BMJ 2009;339: b2939.
52. Harcourt C, Donovan B. The many faces of sex work. Sex Transm Infect 2005;81:201-206.
53. Brahme R, Mehta S, Sahay S, et al. Correlates and trend of HIV prevalence among female sex workers attending sexually transmitted disease clinics in Pune, India (1993-2002). J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2006;41:107-113.
54. O'Byrne P, Holmes D, Woodend K. Understanding human sexual networks: A critique of the promiscuity paradigm. Crit Public Health 2008;18:333-345.
55. Diekmann O, Heesterbeek JA, Metz JA. On the definition and computation of the basic reproduction ratio R0 in models for infectious diseases in heterogeneous populations. J Math Biol 1990;28:365.
56. May RM, Lloyd AL. Infection dynamics on scale-free networks. Phys Rev 2001;64:066112.
57. Boily MC, Asghar Z, Garske T, et al. Influence of selected formation rules for finite population networks with fixed macrostructures: Implications for individual-based models of infectious diseases. Math Popul Stud 2007;14:237-267.
58. Novak DP, Karlsson RB. A population-based study of 18-year old Swedish youths and factors correlated with their total number of lifetime sexual partners. Int J Adolesc Med Health 2006;18:245-257.
59. Brisson M, Boily M-C, Masse BR, et al. Highlights of the sexual activity of the heterosexual population in the province of Quebec. Sex Transm Infect 1999;75:296-299.
60. Boily M-C, Baggaley RF, Wang L, et al. Heterosexual risk of HIV-1 infection per sexual act: Systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Lancet Infect Dis 2009;9:118-129.
61. Choi SY, Chen KL, Jiang ZQ. Client-perpetuated violence and condom failure among female sex workers in Southwestern China. Sex Transm Dis 2008;35:141-146. doi: 10.1097/OLQ. 0b013e31815407c3.
62. Szklo M, Nieto FJ. Epidemiology: Beyond the Basics. New York, NY: Aspen Publishers, 1999.
63. Maas B, Fairburn N, Kerr T, et al. Neighborhood and HIV infection among IDU: Place of residence independently predicts HIV infection among a cohort of injection drug users. Health Place 2007;13:432-439.
64. Martens PJ, Mayer T, Derksen S. Factors affecting adolescent reproductive health in Manitoba. Can J Public Health 2002;93(suppl 2):S39-S43.