The color of sea level: Importance of spatial variations in spectral shape for assessing the significance of trends

Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans

Volumn 115, Issue 10, 2010, Pages

  Hughes, Chris W ^a   Williams, Simon D P ^a  

^a NATIONAL OCEANOGRAPHY CENTRE   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ALTIMETER DATA; AUTO REGRESSIVE MODELS; BAYESIAN INFORMATION CRITERION; GLOBAL MEAN SEA LEVELS; OCEAN PROCESS; REGIONAL DIFFERENCES; SEA LEVEL TRENDS; SEA LEVEL VARIABILITY; SPATIAL VARIATIONS; SPECTRAL INFORMATION; SPECTRAL SHAPES; STATISTICAL ERRORS;

SEA LEVEL;

ALTIMETER; BAYESIAN ANALYSIS; DATA SET; ERROR ANALYSIS; GLOBAL OCEAN; OCEAN COLOR; SEA LEVEL; SPATIAL VARIATION;

EID: 78049510648     PISSN: None     EISSN: 21699291     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/2010JC006102     Document Type: Article

References (40)

1. Akaike, H. (1974), A new look at the statistical model identification, IEEE Trans. Automatic Control, 19, 716-723, doi:10.1109/TAC.1974. 1100705.
2. Bingham, R. J., and C. W. Hughes (2008), Determining North Atlantic meridional transport variability from pressure on the western boundary: A model investigation, J. Geophys. Res., 113, C09008, doi:10.1029/2007JC004679.
3. Bingham, R. J., and C. W. Hughes (2009), Signature of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation in sea level along the east coast of North America, Geophys. Res. Lett, 36, L02603, doi:10.1029/2008GL036215.
4. Carrère, L., and F. Lyard (2003), Modeling the barotropic response of the global ocean to atmospheric wind and pressure forcing-Comparisons with observations, Geophys. Res. Lett., 30(6), 1275, doi:10.1029/2002GL016473.
5. Cazenave, A., A. Lombard, and W. Llovel (2008), Present-day sea level rise: A synthesis, C. R. Geosci., 340, 761-770.
6. Chelton, D. B., and M. G. Schlax (1996), Global observations of oceanic Rossby waves, Science, 272, 234-238.
7. Chelton, D. B., R. A. de Szoeke, M. G. Schlax, K. El Naggar, and N. Siwertz (1998), Geographical variability of the first-baroclinic Rossby radius of deformation, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 28, 433-460.
8. Chelton, D. B., M. G. Schlax, M. H. Freilich, and R. F. Milliff (2004), Satellite measurements reveal persistent small-scale features in ocean winds, Science, 303, 978-983.
9. Church, J. A., N. J. White, and J. R. Hunter (2006), Sea level rise at tropical Pacific and Indian Ocean islands, Global Planet. Change, 53, 155-168, doi:10.1016/j.gloplacha.2006.04.001. (Pubitemid 44287375)
10. Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage (CIE) (1971), Colorimetry, official recommendations of the International Commission on Illumination, Publ. CIE 15 (E-1.3.1), Bur. Cent. de la Comm. Int. de l'Eclairage, Paris.
11. Cunningham, S. A., et al. (2007), Temporal variability of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation at 25.5°N, Science, 317, 935-938, doi:10.1126/science.1141304. (Pubitemid 47301318)
12. Douglas, B. C. (1991), Global sea level rise, J. Geophys. Res., 96 (C4), 6981-6992, doi:10.1029/91JC00064.
13. Fu, L.-L. (2003), Wind-forced intraseasonal sea level variability of the extratropical oceans, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 33, 436-449.
14. Fu, L.-L., E. J. Christensen, C. A. Yamarone Jr., M. Lefebvre, Y. Ménard, M. Dorrer, and P. Escudier (1994), TOPEX/POSEIDON mission overview, J. Geophys. Res., 99 (C12), 24, 269-24, 381, doi:10.1029/94JC01761.
15. Häkkinen, S. (2001), Variability in sea surface height: A qualitative measure for the meridional overturning in the North Atlantic, J. Geophys. Res., 106 (C7), 13, 837-13, 848, doi:10.1029/1999JC000155.
16. Harrison, C. G. A. (2002), Power spectrum of sea level changes over fifteen decades of frequency, Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 3(8), 1047, doi:10.1029/2002GC000300.
17. Hughes, C. W., M. S. Jones, and S. Carnochan (1998), Use of transient features to identify eastward currents in the Southern Ocean, J. Geophys. Res., 103 (C2), 2929-2944, doi:10.1029/97JC02442.
18. Kay, S. M. (1988), Modern Spectral Estimation: Theory and Application, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, N. J.
19. Legeckis, R. (1977), Long waves in the eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean: A view from a geostationary satellite, Science, 197, 1179-1181.
20. Le Traon, P. Y. (1990), Time scales of mesoscale variability and their relationship with space scales in the North Atlantic, J. Mar. Res., 49, 467-492.
21. Leuliette, E. W., R. S. Nerem, and G. T. Mitchum (2004), Calibration of TOPEX/Poseidon and Jason altimeter data to construct a continuous record of mean sea level change, Mar. Geod., 27, 79-94.
22. Liddle, A. R. (2007), Information criteria for astrophysical model selection. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc., 377, L74-L78, doi:10.1111/j.1745.3933. 00306.x
23. Lin, X., J. Yang, D. Wu, and P. Zhai (2008), Explaining the global distribution of peak-spectrum variability of sea surface height, Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L14602, doi:10.1029/2008GL034312.
24. Marcos, M., and M. N. Tsimplis (2007), Forcing of coastal sea level rise patterns in the North Atlantic and the Mediterranean Sea, Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L18604, doi:10.1029/2007GL030641. (Pubitemid 350186707)
25. Mitrovica, J. X., M. E. Tamisiea, J. Davis, and G. A. Milne (2001), Recent mass balance of polar ice sheets inferred from patterns of global sea level change, Nature, 409, 1026-1029.
26. Peltier, W. R. (2001), Global glacial isostatic adjustment and modern instrumental records of relative sea level history, in Sea Level Rise: History and Consequences, edited by B. C. Douglas, M. S. Kearney, and S. P. Leatherman, pp. 65-95, Academic, San Diego, Calif.
27. Plag, H. P. (2006), Recent relative sea level trends: An attempt to quantify the forcing factors, Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London A, 364, 821-844.
28. Qiao, L., and R. H. Weisberg (1995), Tropical instability wave kinematics: Observations from the Tropical Instability Wave Experiment, J. Geophys. Res., 100 (C5), 8677-8693, doi:10.1029/95JC00305.
29. Qiu, B., and S. Chen (2004), Seasonal modulations in the eddy field of the South Pacific, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 34, 1515-1527.
30. Qiu, B., S. Chen, and W. S. Kessler (2009), Source of the 70-day mesoscale eddy variability in the Coral Sea and the North Fiji Basin, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 39, 404-420.
31. Schouten, M. W., W. P. M. de Ruijter, and P. J. van Leeuwen (2002), Upstream control of Agulhas Ring shedding, J. Geophys. Res., 107 (C8), 3109, doi:10.1029/2001JC000804.
32. Schwarz, G. (1978), Estimating the dimension of a model, Ann. Stat., 6, 461-464.
33. Shennan, I., and P. L. Woodworth (1992), A comparison of late Holocene and twentieth century sea level trends from the UK and North Sea region, Geophys. J. Int., 109, 96-105.
34. Stammer, D. (1997), Global characteristics of ocean variability estimated from regional TOPEX/POSEIDON altimeter measurements, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 27, 1743-1769.
35. Stoica, P., and R. Moses (1997), Introduction to Spectral Analysis, Prentice-Hall, Upper Saddle River, N. J.
36. Tulloch, R., J. Marshall, and K. Shafer Smith (2009), Interpretation of the propagation of surface altimetric observations in terms of planetary waves and geostrophic turbulence, J. Geophys. Res., 114, C02005, doi:10.1029/ 2008JC005055.
37. Woodworth, P. L., C. W. Hughes, D. L. Blackman, V. N. Stepanov, S. J. Holgate, P. R. Foden, S. Mack, G. W. Hargreaves, M. P. Meredith, and G. Milenevsky (2006), Antarctic Peninsula sea levels: A real-time system for monitoring Drake Passage transport, Antarctic Sci., 18, 429-436, doi:10.1017/S0954102006000472. (Pubitemid 44289672)
38. Wunsch, C. (2009), The oceanic variability spectrum and transport trends, Atmos. Ocean, 47(4), 281-291, doi:10.3137/OC310.2009.
39. Wunsch, C., and P. Heimbach (2006), Estimated decadal changes in the North Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation and heat flux 1993-2004, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 36, 2012-2024.
40. Zang, X., and C. Wunsch (2001), Spectral description of low-frequency oceanic variability, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 31, 3073-3095.